味辛苦。性寒。有毒。禀天地阴寒之气以生。畏玉竹。忌葱菜及菘菜。伏砒石。得甘
止疟。
【主治】主伤寒寒热。热发温疟。鬼毒。胸中痰结吐逆。（本经）疗鬼蛊往来。水胀洒
洒
恶寒
热。腹
【归经】入肺心肝三经。为吐痰截疟行水之品。（兼通剂 功专治诸疟）
【前论】雷 曰。春夏用茎叶名蜀漆。秋冬用根名常山。时珍曰。常山蜀漆有劫痰截疟
之功
瀛曰。
之效。
【禁忌】经疏曰。凡真气虚者忌用。
【炮制】士材曰。常山生用则吐。与甘草同必不吐。若酒浸炒透用钱许。每见奇功。未
必吐
味苦。性微寒。无毒。正得天地阴寒之气而生。
【主治】主咳嗽上气。（别录）治肺热。润肺。（甄权）治传尸骨蒸劳。治疳积。杀蛔虫
寸白虫
【归经】入肺经。为润肺杀虫之品。
【前论】仲淳曰。百部根正得天地阴寒之气。故蜀本云微寒。日华子言苦。若本经言微
温者
鳌按、纲目以百部为气温而不寒。寒嗽宜之。天冬性寒而不热。热嗽宜之。以此分别。
夫百
【禁忌】经疏曰。百部味苦。脾虚胃弱人。宜兼保脾安胃药同用。庶不伤胃气。凡用。
酒浸
味微辛咸。性温。无毒。禀春夏之气而生。升也。阳也。忌茗、曲。
【主治】主诸风。宣通五脏。去腹内冷滞。心膈痰水。久积症瘕。 癖气块。膀胱宿脓
恶水
肠风邪
【归经】入膀胱经。为行气祛风之品。（痛风要药 宣疏五脏通行十二经络）
【前论】丹溪曰。威灵仙属木。治痛风要药也。上下皆宜。其性好走。亦可横行。朝服
暮效
指麻
浮
真气。即痛风亦当分新久。新痛属寒。宜辛温药。久痛属热。宜清凉药。河间谓暴热非热。
久病非寒是也
【禁忌】经疏曰。风药性升而燥。走而不守。凡病非风湿。及阳盛火升。血虚有热。表
虚有
【常山】
味辛、苦。性寒。有毒。禀受天地阴寒之气而生。畏惧玉竹。忌食葱、蔬菜及菘菜（白菜）。能克制砒石。与甘味药同用可止疟。
【主治】主治伤寒引起的寒热往来，热发型的温疟，鬼毒（指某些难以名状的毒症或寄生虫病），胸中痰结导致的呕吐逆气。（出自《本经》）治疗鬼蛊病引起的往来寒热，身体如水胀般洒洒恶寒发热，腹部……
【归经】入肺、心、肝三经。是吐痰、截疟、行水的药物。（兼通剂，功效专于治疗各种疟疾）
【前论】雷敩说：春夏季节使用茎叶称为蜀漆，秋冬季节使用根部称为常山。李时珍说：常山和蜀漆有劫夺痰涎、截断疟疾的功效。赵瀛说：……
【禁忌】缪希雍说：凡是真气虚弱的人忌用。
【炮制】沈士材说：常山生用会引起呕吐，与甘草同用则必然不吐。如果用酒浸泡并炒透，只用少许钱许剂量，每见奇效，不一定引起呕吐。
【百部】
味苦。性微寒。无毒。正得天地阴寒之气而生。
【主治】主治咳嗽气逆。（出自《别录》）治疗肺热，润肺。（出自甄权）治疗传尸骨蒸劳（肺结核等慢性消耗性疾病），治疗疳积，杀蛔虫、寸白虫（绦虫）。
【归经】入肺经。是润肺杀虫的药物。
【前论】陈实功说：百部根正得天地阴寒之气，所以《蜀本草》说它微寒，《日华子本草》言其味苦。如果《本经》说它微温的话……
赵氏按语：《纲目》认为百部气温而不寒，寒嗽适宜使用它；天冬性寒而不热，热嗽适宜使用它。以此加以区分。至于百部……
【禁忌】缪希雍说：百部味苦，脾虚胃弱的人，应当兼用保脾安胃的药物一起服用，这样才不伤胃气。凡是用百部，需酒浸。
【威灵仙】
味微辛、咸。性温。无毒。禀受春夏之气而生。主升，属阳。忌茶、曲（酒曲）。
【主治】主治各种风邪。宣通五脏，去除腹内冷滞，心膈部的痰水，久积的症瘕（腹内结块），癖气块（胁下痞块），膀胱宿脓恶水，肠风邪气……
【归经】入膀胱经。是行气祛风的药物。（痛风要药，宣疏五脏，通行十二经络）
【前论】朱丹溪说：威灵仙属木，是治疗痛风的要药。上下皆宜。其性好走，亦可横行。早晨服用，晚上见效……手指麻木……浮脉……真气。即使是痛风也应当分新久。新发的疼痛属于寒，适宜用辛温药；久病的疼痛属于热，适宜用清凉药。刘河间所说的“暴热非热，久病非寒”就是这个意思。
【禁忌】缪希雍说：风药性质升散而燥烈，走而不守。凡是病非风湿，以及阳盛火升，血虚有热，表虚有……
[Changshan (Dichroa Root)]
Taste: Acrid, Bitter. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Toxic. It is generated by inheriting the Yin-Cold Qi of Heaven and Earth. It fears Yuzhu (Polygonatum Odoratum). It is contraindicated with Congbai (Allium Fistulosum), vegetables, and Songcai (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis). It can subdue Pishi (Arsenic). When combined with sweet herbs, it stops malaria.
[Indications] Primarily treats cold and heat alternating in Shanghan (Cold Damage), warm malaria characterized by fever, Guidu (venomous diseases or parasitic infections resembling ghosts/demons), and vomiting due to phlegm accumulation in the chest. (From *Shennong Bencao Jing*) Treats Gu蛊 disease (parasitic disease) causing alternating cold and heat, aversion to cold with shivering, fever, abdominal...
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Lung, Heart, and Liver meridians. It is a substance for expelling phlegm, arresting malaria, and promoting water metabolism. (As a general unblocking agent, its efficacy is specialized in treating various types of malaria.)
[Preliminary Discussion] Lei Xiao stated: In spring and summer, the stems and leaves are used and called Shuqi (Dichroae Caulis et Folium); in autumn and winter, the root is used and called Changshan. Li Shizhen stated: Changshan and Shuqi have the effect of seizing phlegm and arresting malaria. Zhao Ying stated: ...
[Contraindications] Miao Xiyong stated: Those with deficiency of True Qi should avoid using it.
[Processing] Shen Shicai stated: Raw Changshan induces vomiting; when used together with Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), it will certainly not induce vomiting. If soaked in wine and stir-fried thoroughly, using only a small amount (approx. 1 qian), it often yields miraculous results without necessarily inducing vomiting.
[Baiibu (Stemonae Radix)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Slightly Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. It is generated by precisely inheriting the Yin-Cold Qi of Heaven and Earth.
[Indications] Primarily treats cough with rebellious Qi. (From *Bencao Jing Jiu Zhu*) Treats Lung Heat, moistens the Lung. (From Zhen Quan) Treats Chuanshun Guzheng Lao (consumptive disease like tuberculosis with bone-steaming fever), treats Ganji (pediatric malnutrition due to parasites/indigestion), kills Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia saginata (pinworms/roundworms).
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Lung meridian. It is a substance for moistening the Lung and killing parasites.
[Preliminary Discussion] Chen Shigong stated: The root of Baiibu precisely inherits the Yin-Cold Qi of Heaven and Earth, hence *Shu Bencao* states it is slightly cold, while *Ri Hua Zi Bencao* mentions its bitter taste. If *Shennong Bencao Jing* states it is slightly warm...
Zhao's Commentary: *Bencao Gangmu* considers Baiibu to be warm in nature rather than cold, making it suitable for cold-type coughs; Tiandong (Asparagi Radix) is cold in nature but not hot, making it suitable for heat-type coughs. This distinguishes them. Regarding Baiibu...
[Contraindications] Miao Xiyong stated: Due to its bitter taste, individuals with Spleen deficiency and weak Stomach should use it concurrently with herbs that protect the Spleen and stabilize the Stomach, so as not to damage Stomach Qi. Whenever Baiibu is used, it should be soaked in wine.
[Weilingxian (Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma)]
Taste: Slightly Acrid, Salty. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. It is generated by inheriting the Qi of Spring and Summer. It has an ascending nature and belongs to Yang. It is contraindicated with tea and Qu (fermented grain starter).
[Indications] Primarily treats various Wind pathogens. It promotes circulation through the Five Viscera, removes cold stagnation in the abdomen, phlegm-fluids in the heart and diaphragm, long-standing Zhengjia (abdominal masses), Piqi masses (subcostal lumps), pus and foul fluids retained in the Bladder, and intestinal wind pathogenic factors...
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Bladder meridian. It is a substance for moving Qi and dispelling Wind. (A key herb for gout, it disseminates and soothes the Five Viscera and unblocks the Twelve Meridians.)
[Preliminary Discussion] Zhu Danxi stated: Weilingxian belongs to Wood and is a key herb for treating gout. It is suitable for both upper and lower parts. Its nature is agile and mobile, capable of moving horizontally. Taken in the morning, effects are seen by evening... finger numbness... floating pulse... True Qi. Even in cases of gout, one must distinguish between new and old conditions. New pain belongs to Cold and is suitable for Acrid-Warm herbs; old pain belongs to Heat and is suitable for Cooling herbs. Liu Hejian’s statement that "acute heat is not true heat, and chronic illness is not true cold" refers to this principle.
[Contraindications] Miao Xiyong stated: Wind-dispelling herbs have an ascending and drying nature, moving freely without staying put. They are contraindicated in conditions not caused by Wind-Dampness, as well as in cases of Excess Yang with rising Fire, Blood deficiency with Heat, and Exterior deficiency with...