味苦辛。性生寒熟温。无毒。感少阳生发之气以生。可升可降。阴也。
【主治】主热 烦满不能食。生捣汁服三四合。多则令人吐。（本经）主久疟痰 。服
汁
取吐
（成
【归经】入肝经。兼入肾经。为祛风除湿之品。（肝经血分药 走而不泄香可开脾）
【前论】仲淳曰。春生之药。本合风化。风能胜湿。苦寒除热。故本经以之主热 烦满
不能
【禁忌】经疏曰。痹痛由脾肾两虚阴血不足。不由风湿而得者。忌服。以此为风药。凡
风药
【炮制】备要曰。凡使。去粗皮。留枝叶花实。酒拌蒸晒九次。蜜丸。甚益元气。若非
九
味
味辛甘。性温。无毒。得天地阴寒之气。兼禀金水之性以生。降也。阴中阳也。杏
使。得紫菀良。恶皂荚、硝石、元参。畏贝母、辛夷、麻黄、黄 、黄芩、连翘、青葙
一云。虽畏贝母。得之反良。十一二月开花。如黄菊。微见花未舒者良。
【主治】主咳逆上气。善喘。喉痹。诸惊痫。寒热邪气。（本经）消渴。喘息呼吸。（别
录）疗
消痰。洗
【归经】入肺经。为润肺泻热止嗽之品。（治嗽要药寒热虚实皆可施用）
【前论】苏颂曰。本经主咳逆。古方用为温肺治嗽之最。郭佩兰曰。隆冬独秀。先春开
放。
非肺
鳌按、咳逆消渴喘急。皆火炎气逆之病。款冬辛散而润。甘缓而和。善能降下。气降则
火亦
平矣
【炮制】雷公曰。凡使。去蕊壳。但取净花。甘草水浸一宿。晒干。入丸微焙用。
【气味】味苦、辛。生用时性寒，熟用时性温。无毒。感受少阳生发之气而生。药性可升可降，属阴。
【主治】主治热病引起的烦闷、胸满、不能进食。将鲜品捣烂取汁服用三到四合（约60-80毫升），用量过多会导致呕吐。（出自《本经》）主治久疟疾产生的痰饮。服用其汁液以引起呕吐来祛痰。（出自成无己注）
【归经】入肝经。兼入肾经。是祛风除湿的药物。（属于肝经血分药，走而不守，香气可以开脾）
【前论】仲淳说：春季生长的药物，本性符合风气。风能胜湿，苦寒能除热。所以《本经》用它来主治热病烦闷、胸满、不能进食。
【禁忌】经疏说：痹痛如果是由脾肾两虚、阴血不足引起，而非由风湿所致者，忌服。因为此药属于风药。凡是风药……
【炮制】备要说：凡使用本品，需去除粗皮，保留枝叶、花和果实。用酒拌匀后蒸晒九次。制成蜜丸，非常有益元气。如果不是经过九次处理……
味辛、甘。性温。无毒。得天地阴寒之气，兼禀受金水之性而生。药性主降。属于阴中之阳。使用时，与紫菀配合效果良好。畏恶皂荚、硝石、元参。畏惧贝母、辛夷、麻黄、黄[此处原文缺字，疑为黄芪或黄连]、黄芩、连翘、青葙子。一说虽然畏惧贝母，但配合使用反而良好。十一二月开花，像黄色的菊花，微微见花未完全舒展的为好。
【主治】主治咳嗽气逆、善于喘息、喉痹、各种惊痫、寒热邪气。（出自《本经》）治疗消渴、喘息呼吸急促。（出自《别录》）治疗消除痰饮，清洗……
【归经】入肺经。是润肺、泻热、止咳的药物。（治疗咳嗽的要药，寒证、热证、虚证、实证皆可施用）
【前论】苏颂说：《本经》主治咳嗽气逆，古方中将其作为温肺止咳的最优药物。郭佩兰说：隆冬时节独自秀丽，在春天之前开放。并非肺……
鳌按：咳嗽气逆、消渴、喘急，都是火炎气逆的病证。款冬花辛散而润，甘缓而和，善于降气。气降则火亦平矣。
【炮制】雷公说：凡使用本品，需去除蕊和壳，只取净花。用甘草水浸泡一夜，晒干。入丸剂时微焙后使用。
**[Flavor and Nature]** Bitter, acrid. Raw form is cold in nature; cooked form is warm. Non-toxic. It grows by absorbing the generating qi of Shaoyang (Lesser Yang). Its action can ascend or descend; it belongs to Yin.
**[Indications]** Primarily treats heat-induced irritability, chest fullness, and inability to eat. Crush fresh roots/flowers to extract juice and take 3–4 he (approx. 60–80 ml); excessive dosage may induce vomiting. (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats phlegm caused by chronic malaria. Administer its juice to induce vomiting for expectoration. (Commentary by Cheng Wuji)
**[Meridian Tropism]** Enters the Liver Meridian. Also enters the Kidney Meridian. It is a herb that dispels wind and removes dampness. (It is a blood-level herb of the Liver Meridian, moving without retaining; its fragrance can open the Spleen.)
**[Preceding Discussions]** Zhongchun stated: Herbs born in spring naturally accord with Wind Qi. Wind overcomes dampness; bitter-cold clears heat. Thus, *Shennong Bencao Jing* uses it to treat heat, irritability, chest fullness, and anorexia.
**[Contraindications]** Jingshu stated: Bi syndrome (painful obstruction) caused by deficiency of Spleen and Kidney and insufficiency of Yin-blood, rather than by Wind-Dampness, should avoid this herb. Since this is a Wind-dispelling herb, all Wind herbs...
**[Processing]** Beiyao stated: When used, remove the coarse skin, retaining branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Mix with wine, steam, and sun-dry nine times. Form into honey pills; this greatly benefits Yuan Qi (Primal Qi). If not processed nine times...
**[Flavor and Nature]** Acrid, sweet. Warm in nature. Non-toxic. It obtains the Yin-cold qi of Heaven and Earth and inherits the properties of Metal and Water. Its action descends. It is Yang within Yin. When used in combination, it pairs well with Ziwan (Asteris Radix et Rhizoma). It is adverse to Zaojia (Gleditsiae Spina), Xiaoshi (Natrii Nitras), and Yuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix). It fears Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus), Xinyi (Magnoliae Flos), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Huang [missing character, likely Huangqi or Huanglian], Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus), and Qingxiangzi (Celosiae Semen). Some say although it fears Beimu, combining them yields good results. It flowers in the 11th and 12th lunar months, resembling yellow chrysanthemums; those slightly unopened are considered superior.
**[Indications]** Primarily treats cough with rebellious Qi, frequent wheezing, throat obstruction (Houbi), various types of convulsions and epilepsy, and pathogenic Cold-Heat. (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst) and wheezing/respiratory distress. (*Bencao Jing Jiu Yi / Bie Lu*). Eliminates phlegm, cleanses...
**[Meridian Tropism]** Enters the Lung Meridian. It is a herb that moistens the Lungs, drains Heat, and stops cough. (It is an essential herb for treating cough; applicable to Cold, Heat, Deficiency, and Excess patterns.)
**[Preceding Discussions]** Su Song stated: *Shennong Bencao Jing* indicates it treats cough with rebellious Qi; ancient formulas use it as the premier herb for warming the Lungs and stopping cough. Guo Peilan stated: It stands out uniquely in deep winter, blooming before spring. It is not merely for the Lung...
**Editor's Note:** Cough with rebellious Qi, Wasting-Thirst, and acute wheezing are all diseases characterized by Fire flaming upward and Qi rebelling. Kuandonghua is acrid, dispersing, and moistening; sweet, relaxing, and harmonizing. It excels at descending Qi. When Qi descends, Fire also calms down.
**[Processing]** Leigong stated: When used, remove the stamen and calyx/shell, taking only the pure flower. Soak in Licorice water overnight, sun-dry. For pill formulations, lightly roast before use.