味辛。性微温。无毒。禀天地之阳气以生。升也。阳也。秦椒为使。恶黄芩、黄连、
天鼠粪。杀半夏、莨菪毒。
【主治】主归五脏。除风邪寒热。伤寒头痛鼻塞。咳逆上气。止呕吐。去痰下气。（别
录）
主
效
肺
性
珍）
【归经】入肺心脾胃四经。为发散之品。（呕吐反胃圣药 散寒发表止呕开痰）
【前论】藏器曰。生姜本温。要热则去皮。要凉则留皮。成无己曰。姜枣辛甘。能行脾
胃津
味辛。性大热。无毒。禀天地之阳气以生。可升可降。阳中阴也。
【主治】主胸满咳逆上气。温中。出汗。逐风湿痹。肠 下痢。（本经）寒冷腹痛。中
恶。
皮
主心下寒痞。（好古）〔炮姜〕除胃冷。（萧炳）
【归经】入心肺脾胃肾大肠六经。为除寒散结。回阳通脉之品。（兼燥剂）
【前论】东垣曰。干姜乃心脾二经气分药。宜甘草缓之。好古曰。服干姜以治中者。必
上僭
有
入
炮姜主除胃冷而守中。温经止血。虞抟曰。干姜生则逐寒邪。炮则除胃冷而守中。多用则耗
散元气。辛以散之。是壮火食气故也。须以生甘草缓之。辛热以散里寒。宝鉴曰。炮姜止而
不移。非若附子走而不守。炮黑止吐衄。血见黑则止也。
【禁忌】经疏曰。生姜、干姜、炮姜。禁忌略同。大约久服伤阴损目。误服亦然。凡阴
虚内
【生姜】
味道辛。性质微温。无毒。禀受天地的阳气而生。具有升发的特性。属于阳。以秦椒为引经药。厌恶黄芩、黄连和天鼠粪。能解除半夏、莨菪的毒性。
【主治】主要作用于五脏。祛除风邪引起的寒热症状。治疗伤寒导致的头痛鼻塞。缓解咳嗽气逆。停止呕吐。消除痰液并降气。（出自《名医别录》）
【归经】进入肺、心、脾、胃四经。属于发散类药物。（是治疗呕吐反胃的圣药，具有散寒发表、止呕、化痰的功效）
【干姜】
味道辛。性质大热。无毒。禀受天地的阳气而生。既可升发又可下降。属于阳中之阴。
【主治】主要治疗胸满、咳嗽气逆。温暖中焦。发汗。驱逐风湿痹痛。治疗肠澼下痢。（出自《神农本草经》）治疗寒冷腹痛、中恶（突然感受秽浊之气而致的急病）。
【炮姜】主要治疗心下寒痞（好古注）。[炮姜] 主要去除胃冷。（萧炳注）
【归经】进入心、肺、脾、胃、肾、大肠六经。属于除寒散结、回阳通脉的药物。（兼有燥湿剂的作用）
【前论】藏器说：生姜本性温和。若要发挥热性则去皮。若要保留凉性则留皮。成无己说：姜和枣味辛甘，能够运行脾胃的津液。
东垣说：干姜是心和脾两经气分的药物，适宜用甘草来缓和其烈性。好古说：服用干姜来治疗中焦疾病时，必须注意防止药力上僭（过度上行）。
虞抟说：干姜生用时驱逐寒邪，炮制后则去除胃冷且守中焦。多用会耗散元气，因为“壮火食气”，所以必须用生甘草来缓和其辛热之性以散里寒。宝鉴说：炮姜作用固定不移，不像附子那样走而不守。炮黑后的姜可止吐血、鼻衄，因为血见黑色则止。
【禁忌】缪希雍（经疏）说：生姜、干姜、炮姜的禁忌大致相同。大约长期服用会损伤阴液、损害视力，误服也是如此。凡是阴虚内热者……
[Sansha (Fresh Ginger)]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Slightly warm. Non-toxic. Born from inheriting the Yang Qi of Heaven and Earth. It ascends. It is Yang. Qinjiao (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) serves as its guiding herb. It is incompatible with Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), and Tianshuan Fen (Excrement of the Sky Mouse). It neutralizes the toxicity of Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) and Langdang (Daturae Fructus).
[Indications] Primarily acts on the Five Zang Organs. Expels Wind-Evil causing alternating chills and fever. Treats headache and nasal congestion due to Shanghan (Cold Damage). Relieves cough with rebellious Qi. Stops vomiting. Eliminates phlegm and directs Qi downward. (From *Bielu*)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Lung, Heart, Spleen, and Stomach meridians. It is a dispersing agent. (It is the sacred medicine for vomiting and regurgitation; it dispels cold, releases the exterior, stops vomiting, and resolves phlegm.)
[Ganjiang (Dried Ginger)]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Very hot. Non-toxic. Born from inheriting the Yang Qi of Heaven and Earth. It can ascend and descend. It is Yin within Yang.
[Indications] Primarily treats chest fullness, cough, and rebellious Qi. Warms the Middle Jiao. Induces sweating. Drives out wind-damp bi syndrome. Treats intestinal dysentery. (From *Benjing*) Treats cold abdominal pain and Zhong'e (acute illness caused by sudden exposure to foul pathogens).
[Paojiang (Prepared Ginger)] Primarily treats cold stagnation in the epigastrium (Haogou). [Paojiang] Primarily removes stomach cold. (Xiao Bing)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Heart, Lung, Spleen, Stomach, Kidney, and Large Intestine meridians. It is an agent that dispels cold, dissipates nodules, restores Yang, and unblocks vessels. (It also functions as a drying agent.)
[Theoretical Discussion] Cangqi stated: Sansha is naturally warm. To enhance its heat, remove the skin; to retain its coolness, keep the skin. Cheng Wuji stated: Ginger and Jujube are pungent and sweet, capable of circulating the fluids of the Spleen and Stomach.
Dongyuan stated: Ganjiang is a Qi-level herb for the Heart and Spleen meridians; it should be moderated with Gancao (Licorice Root). Haogou stated: When using Ganjiang to treat the Middle Jiao, one must prevent the medicinal force from over-ascending.
Yutun stated: Raw Ganjiang drives out cold pathogens; prepared Ganjiang removes stomach cold and stabilizes the Middle Jiao. Excessive use depletes Yuan Qi (Original Qi). Since "vigorous fire consumes Qi," it must be moderated with raw Gancao. Its pungent and hot nature disperses interior cold. Baojian stated: Paojiang remains fixed in action, unlike Fuzi (Aconite Lateralis Radix Praeparata) which moves without staying. Charred ginger stops hematemesis and epistaxis because blood coagulates upon contact with black substances.
[Contraindications] Mijiyong stated: The contraindications for Sansha, Ganjiang, and Paojiang are roughly similar. Generally, long-term consumption damages Yin and harms the eyes; accidental ingestion causes similar harm. For those with Yin deficiency and internal heat...