味辛。性温。无毒。煎汤不可过熟。熟则力减。
【主治】主胸膈冷。上气。面目黄赤。（别录）暴风毒肿。流四肢疼痛。（宏景）治喘咳
反胃。
【归经】入肺经。为利气豁痰。发汗散寒。除肿止痛之品。（通行经络 能搜剔内外痰
结
及胸
【前论】丹溪曰。痰在皮里膜外及胁下。非此不能达。古方控涎丹用之。正此义。
【禁忌】经疏曰。肺经有热。及阴虚火炎生痰者。均忌。
生者味辛甘。熟者味甘。性皆温平。皆无毒。禀土金之气以生。能升能降。阳也。
【主治】主大下气。消谷。去痰癖。捣汁止消渴。（本经）制面毒。（萧炳）治肺痿吐血。
同羊肉纸鱼煮食。治劳瘦咳嗽。（日华）生捣服。治噤口痢疾。（汪颖）主吞酸。化积滞。解
酒毒。
【归经】入脾胃肺大肠四经。为消食化痰之品。（生食升气熟食降气辛宜肺甘宜脾）
【前论】孟诜曰。多食莱菔动气。惟生姜能制其毒。 庵曰。夏日食莱菔菜。秋不患痢。
冬
味辛甘。性平。无毒。可升可降。阳也。
【主治】生能升。熟能降。升则吐风痰。宽胸膈。发疮疹。熟则定痰喘咳嗽。调下痢后
重。
【归经】入肺脾二经。为行气消痰之品。
【前论】丹溪曰。莱菔子治痰。有推墙倒壁之功。
【禁忌】经疏曰。莱菔下气耗血。服地黄、首乌者。不可食。其子。虚弱人大忌。
【白芥子】
味道辛。性质温。无毒。煎煮汤药时不可过度煮熟，煮得太熟则药效减弱。
【主治功效】主要治疗胸膈寒冷、气逆上冲、面目发黄且红赤。（出自《名医别录》）治疗暴风引起的毒肿、流注于四肢的疼痛。（出自陶宏景）治疗气喘咳嗽、反胃。
【归经】入肺经。是利气豁痰、发汗散寒、消除肿胀止痛的药物。（通行经络，能够搜剔内外的痰结以及胸部的……）
【前论】朱丹溪说：痰在皮里膜外及胁下，非此药不能到达。古方控涎丹中使用它，正是这个意思。
【禁忌】缪希雍（《本草经疏》作者）说：肺经有热，以及阴虚火旺生痰者，均忌用。
【莱菔（萝卜）】
生吃味道辛甘。熟吃味道甘。性质皆温和平。禀受土和金之气而生。能升能降，属阳。
【主治功效】主要大降气、消食、去除痰癖，捣汁饮用可止消渴。（出自《神农本草经》）缓解面食中毒。（出自萧炳）治疗肺痿吐血。与羊肉、纸鱼一起煮食，治疗劳损消瘦咳嗽。（出自《日华子本草》）生捣服用，治疗噤口痢疾。（出自汪颖）主要治疗吞酸、化解积滞、解酒毒。
【归经】入脾胃肺大肠四经。是消食化痰的药物。（生食升气，熟食降气；辛味宜入肺，甘味宜入脾）
【前论】孟诜说：多吃莱菔会动气，只有生姜能制约其毒性。庵曰：夏天吃莱菔菜，秋天不得痢疾。冬天……
【莱菔子】
味道辛甘。性质平。无毒。可升可降，属阳。
【主治功效】生用能升，熟用能降。生用则吐出风痰、宽胸膈、促使疮疹发出；熟用则安定痰喘咳嗽、调理痢疾后的里急后重。
【归经】入肺脾二经。是行气消痰的药物。
【前论】朱丹溪说：莱菔子治痰，有推墙倒壁的功效。
【禁忌】缪希雍（《本草经疏》作者）说：莱菔下气耗血，服用地黄、何首乌的人，不可食用。莱菔子，虚弱之人尤其忌讳。
[White Mustard Seed (Baijiezi)]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Warm. Non-toxic. When decocting into a soup, do not cook it excessively; overcooking reduces its efficacy.
[Indications] Primarily treats cold in the chest and diaphragm, rebellious Qi, yellowish-red complexion of the face and eyes. (From *Bie Lu*) Treats toxic swelling caused by sudden wind, and pain flowing through the four limbs. (From Hongjing) Treats wheezing and cough, and regurgitation.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Lung Meridian. It is an agent that promotes Qi circulation, resolves phlegm, induces sweating to dispel cold, and eliminates swelling and pain. (It circulates through the meridians and can search out and eliminate phlegm accumulation inside and outside, as well as in the chest...)
[Preliminary Discussion] Zhu Danxi stated: "Phlegm located between the skin and fascia, or under the hypochondrium, cannot be reached without this herb." It is used in the ancient formula *Kongxian Dan* precisely for this purpose.
[Contraindications] According to *Bencao Jing Shu*: Contraindicated in cases of heat in the Lung Meridian, and in cases where Yin deficiency with flaming fire generates phlegm.
[Radish (Laifu)]
Raw taste: Pungent and sweet. Cooked taste: Sweet. Nature: Both are warm and neutral. It is born from the Qi of Earth and Metal. It can ascend and descend, belonging to Yang.
[Indications] Primarily greatly descends Qi, aids digestion, removes phlegm masses, and fresh juice stops thirst. (From *Shennong Bencao Jing*) Counteracts toxicity from wheat products. (From Xiao Bing) Treats lung abscess with hemoptysis. Boiled with mutton and dried fish, it treats consumption with emaciation and cough. (From *Ri Hua Zi Bencao*) Taken raw and crushed, it treats dysentery with inability to eat. (From Wang Ying) Primarily treats acid regurgitation, transforms stagnation, and detoxifies alcohol.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Spleen, Stomach, Lung, and Large Intestine meridians. It is an agent for digesting food and resolving phlegm. (Raw food ascends Qi, cooked food descends Qi; pungent flavor benefits the Lung, sweet flavor benefits the Spleen.)
[Preliminary Discussion] Meng Shen stated: "Excessive consumption of Radish moves Qi; only Ginger can counteract its toxicity." An stated: "Consuming Radish vegetables in summer prevents dysentery in autumn. In winter..."
[Radish Seed (Laifuzi)]
Taste: Pungent and sweet. Nature: Neutral. Non-toxic. Can ascend and descend, belonging to Yang.
[Indications] Raw use ascends, cooked use descends. Ascending action induces vomiting of wind-phlegm, expands the chest and diaphragm, and promotes eruption of sores/rashes. Descending action stabilizes phlegm-wheezing and cough, and regulates tenesmus after dysentery.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Lung and Spleen meridians. It is an agent for moving Qi and resolving phlegm.
[Preliminary Discussion] Zhu Danxi stated: "Radish seed has the merit of pushing down walls and overturning battlements in treating phlegm."
[Contraindications] According to *Bencao Jing Shu*: Radish descends Qi and consumes Blood; those taking Rehmannia (*Dihuang*) and Polygonum multiflorum (*Shouwu*) should not consume it. Radish seed is strictly contraindicated for persons with deficiency.