曰至，得无意乎？若男女之辨，又不以精血先后为拘，不以经尽几日为拘，不以夜半前
后交感为拘，不以父强母弱，母强父弱为拘，只以精血各由百脉之齐到者别胜负耳。是故
精之百脉齐到，有以胜乎血则成男矣，血之百脉齐到，有以胜乎精则成女矣。至有既孕
而小产者，有产而不育，有育而不寿者，有寿而黄耆无疆者，则亦精血之坚脆分为修短
耳。世人不察其精血之坚脆，已定于禀受之初，乃以小产专责之母，以不育专付之儿，以
寿夭专诿之数，不亦谬乎？
〔诊〕
妇人怀躯七月而不可知，时时衄血而转筋者，此为躯也。衄时嚏而动者，非躯也。
《素问》云∶妇人足少阴脉动甚者任子也。（《平人气象论》谓太溪脉也。全元起本作足少阴，王
冰本作手太阴，当从全本。王注云∶动脉者如豆厥厥动摇也。一说动甚谓动摇大甚也。）阴搏阳别，谓之
有子。（《阴阳别论》王注云∶阴谓尺中也，搏谓搏触于手也，尺脉搏击与寸脉殊别，则为有孕之兆。）
〔脉〕妊娠初时，寸微小，呼吸五至，三月而尺数也。脉滑疾，重以手按之散者，胎
已三月也。脉重手按之不散，但疾不滑者，五月也。（此即阴搏阳别之义，言尺脉滑数，寸脉微小，
而尺与寸脉别者，孕脉也）。尺脉左偏大为男，右偏大为女，左右俱大产二子，大者如实状。
（亦阴搏阳别之义，谓尺脉实大，与寸脉殊别，但分男左女右也，）妇人妊娠四月，欲知男女法，左疾
为男，右疾为女，俱疾为生二子。（王子亨云∶妊娠三部俱滑而疾，在左为男，在上为女。）遣妊娠人
面南行，还复呼之，左回首者是男，右回首者是女。看上圊时，夫从后急呼之，左回首者是男，
右回首者是女也。
娄全善云。按丹溪云男受胎在左子宫，女受胎在右子宫。斯言大契是说也。盖男胎在
左则左重，故回首时慎护重处而就左也。女胎在右则右重，故回首时慎护重处而就右也。
推之于脉，其义亦然，胎在左则血气护胎而盛于左，故脉亦从之，而左疾为男，左大为
男也。胎在右则血气护胎而盛于右，故脉亦从之而右疾为女，右大为女也。亦犹经云∶阴
搏阳别，谓之有子。言受胎处在脐腹之下，则血气护胎而盛于下，故阴之尺脉鼓搏有力，而
与阳之寸脉殊别也。又如痈疖发上，则血气从上而寸脉盛，发下则血气从下而尺脉盛，发
左则血气从左而左脉盛，发右则血气从右而右脉盛也。丹溪以左大顺男，右大顺女，为
医人之左右手，盖智者之一失也。
诊妇人有妊歌 肝为血兮肺为气，血为荣兮气为卫。阴阳配耦不参差，两脏通和皆
类例。血衰气旺定无孕，血王气衰应有体。（肝藏血为荣属阴，肺主气为卫属阳，阴阳配耦者，是夫
妇匹配，偶合构精乃有子也。若血少气盛，则无娠孕。若血盛气少，则有孕也，）寸微关滑尺
带数，流利往来并雀啄。小儿之脉已见形，数月怀耽犹未觉。（寸脉微，关脉滑，尺脉带数
及流利雀啄，皆是经脉闭塞不行成胎。以上之脉，皆是血多气少之脉，是怀小儿之脉已见形
状也。）左疾为男上为女，流利相通速来去。两手关脉大相应，已形亦在前通语。（左手脉疾
为怀男，右手脉疾为怀女，及两脉流行滑利相通，疾速来去，是或两手关部脉洪大相应，
是其胎已有形状也。）左手带纵两个儿，（纵者夫行乘妻，水行乘火，金行乘木，即鬼贼脉也，名
曰纵。见在左手则怀两个男儿也。）右手带横一双女。（横者妻乘夫也，是火行乘水，木行乘金，即所
胜脉也。名曰横。见于右手则怀一双女子也。）左手脉逆生三男，（逆者子乘母也，是水行
乘金，火行乘木，即已生脉也，名曰逆。见于右手则怀三个男儿也。）右手脉顺还三女。（顺者母
乘子也，是金行乘水，木行乘火，即生已之脉也，名曰顺。见于右手则怀三个女儿也。）寸关尺
部皆相应，一男一女分形证。（寸关尺部脉大小迟疾相应者，是怀一男一女形证之脉也。谓关前为
阳，关后为阴，阴阳脉相应，故怀一男一女也。）有时子死母身存，或即母亡存子命。
（此二句之文，无辨子母存亡之法。）往来三部通流利，滑数相参皆替替。阳实阴虚脉得明，遍
满胸膛皆逆气。（若寸关尺三部通行流利，皆替替有力而滑数，皆是阳实阴虚之脉，主妊妇
逆气遍满胸膛而不顺也。）左手太阳浮大男，（左手寸口为太阳，其脉浮大，则是怀男之脉。）
右手太阴沉细女。（右手寸口为太阴，其脉沉细，是怀女脉也。）诸阳为男诸阴女，指下分明长记
取。（诸阳脉皆为男，即浮大疾数滑实之类是也。当怀男子。诸阴脉者即沉细之类
是也，当怀女子。）三部沉正等无绝，尺内不止真胎妇。（寸关尺三部脉沉浮正直齐等，举按
无绝断，及尺内举按不止住者，真的怀胎妇也。）夫乘妻兮纵气雾，（经云∶纵者夫乘妻也，水行
乘火，金行乘木，即鬼贼脉也，纵气雾，雾露也，又上下也，谓夫之阳气乘妻之阴气，二气上
下相逐，如雾润结子也。）妻乘夫兮横气助。（横者妻乘夫也，见前注。谓两旁横气相佐助也。）子乘母
兮逆气参，（逆者子乘母也，谓子气犯母气相乘，逆行之气相参合也。）母乘子兮顺气护。（是母气乘
于子气，为顺气相护卫也。凡胎聚
纵横逆顺四气以荣养，方以成形也。）小儿日足胎成聚，身热脉乱无所苦。（妇人怀小儿五个月，是以
数足，胎成就而结聚也，必母身体壮热，当见脉躁乱，非病苦之证。谓五月胎已成，受火精以成气，故身热
脉乱是无病也。）汗出不食吐逆时，精神结备其中住。（谓妊娠受五行精气以成形，禀二经以荣其母，
怀妊至五月，其胎虽成，其气未备，故胎气未安，上冲心胸则汗出不食吐逆，名曰恶阻，俗呼选饭，唯思
酸辛之味，以调胎气也。）滑疾不散三月胎，（妊娠三月名始胎，此是未有定义，心胞脉养之，故脉见滑
疾流利，为少气多血，不散为血气盛，则始结为胎也。）但疾不散五月母。（其脉但疾数而不散者，是五个
月怀胎之母也。）弦紧牢强滑利安，沉细而微归泉路，（孕妇之脉宜弦紧牢强滑利，为安吉之脉。若
沉细而微，谓脉与形不相应，故云死也，前文虽云太阴沉细，又云诸阴为女，其说似有相违，谓三部脉皆
不沉细及微故不同也。）
〔验胎法〕
〔海〕神方验胎散 妇人三两个月，月经不行，疑是两身，却疑血滞心烦，寒热恍惚，此
药可验取之内也。外已有身，病无邪脉，以《素问》脉法推之，十得八九矣。
真雀脑芎（一两） 当归（全用，重一两者，只用七钱）
上为细末，分作两服，浓煎好艾汤一盏调下，或好酒调服亦得。可待三两个时辰间，
觉腹脐微动仍频，即有胎也，动罢即愈，安稳无虞。如不是胎，即不动，所滞恶物自行，
母亦安也。如服药不觉效，再煎红花汤调下，必有神效。
〔灵苑〕治妇人经脉住三个月验胎法。真川芎为细末，浓煎艾汤下一匕投，腹内渐动是有胎也。
探胎散 妇人胎气有无，疑惑之间，以此探之，有胎则吐，无则不吐。
皂角（去皮） 甘草（炙，各一钱） 黄连（半钱）
上为细末，作一服，温酒调服。
博陵医之神者曰郝翁，士人陈尧遵妻病，众医以为劳伤。郝曰∶亟屏药，是为娠证，且
贺君得男子。已而果然。又二妇人妊，一喑嘿不能言。郝曰∶儿胎大，经壅，儿生经行
则言矣，不可毒以药。一极壮健，郝诊其脉曰∶母气已死，所以生者，反恃儿气耳。如
期子生母死。（孕妇不语，非病也，闻如此者，不须服药，临产日但服保生丸、四物汤之类，
产后便语，亦自然之理，非药之力也。）
一妇暴渴，惟饮五味汁。名医耿隅诊其脉曰∶此血欲凝，非疾也。已而果孕，古方
有血欲凝而渴饮五味之证，不可不知也。
潘 诊虞部员外郎张咸之妻孕五岁，南陵尉富昌龄妻孕二岁，团练使刘彝孙外家孕十
有四月，皆未育。温叟视之曰∶疾也，凡医妄以为有孕尔。于是与破血攻毒大剂饮之。虞
部妻堕肉块百余，有眉目状。昌龄妻梦二童子色漆黑，仓卒怖悸疾走而去。孙外家堕大蛇，
犹蜿蜒未死。三妇皆无恙。
陈斗岩治叶南洲妻经闭五月，下白或赤，午后发热，咳嗽呕吐，医谓劳瘵。陈视曰∶两
尺脉皆实，此必有孕，外受风邪搏激故耳。饮清和之剂而安，半年生一子。
王肯堂说：受孕的时机，难道没有定数吗？至于胎儿性别的辨别，并不拘泥于父母精血到来的先后顺序，不拘泥于月经结束后几天同房，不拘泥于半夜前还是半夜后交合，也不拘泥于父亲强壮母亲柔弱或母亲强壮父亲柔弱。只根据精和血各自通过百脉汇聚时，哪一方力量更强来判定胜负。因此，如果精通过百脉汇聚的力量胜过血，就形成男胎；如果血通过百脉汇聚的力量胜过精，就形成女胎。至于有的怀孕后发生小产，有的生下后不能养活，有的养活后寿命不长，有的长寿且福泽无边，这也是因为禀受的精血有坚固与脆弱之分，从而决定了寿命的长短。世人不明察这一点，不知道精血的坚固与脆弱在受孕之初就已注定，却将小产专门归咎于母亲，将养育不成专门推给子女，将寿夭专门推诿给命运，这不是很荒谬吗？
〔诊法〕
妇女怀孕七个月而难以确诊，时常出现鼻出血并伴有肌肉痉挛（转筋）的，这是妊娠反应（躯）。鼻出血时打喷嚏并感到震动的，不是妊娠。《素问》说：妇女足少阴肾经脉搏动明显的，是怀孕了。（《平人气象论》中指的是太溪脉。全元起本写作足少阴，王冰本写作手太阴，应当以全元起本为准。王冰注释说：动脉是指像豆子一样厥厥跳动的脉象。另一种说法认为“动甚”是指跳动幅度非常大。）尺脉搏击有力而与寸脉不同，称为怀孕。（《阴阳别论》王冰注释说：阴指尺部脉，搏指脉搏触于手指的感觉，尺脉搏击与寸脉明显不同，就是怀孕的征兆。）
〔脉诊〕
妊娠初期，寸脉微小，呼吸五次脉跳一次（五至），到了三个月则尺脉变数（快）。脉象滑利疾速，重按之感觉散漫的，是怀孕三个月了。脉象重按不散，只是疾速而不滑利的，是怀孕五个月了。（这就是“阴搏阳别”的含义，意思是尺脉滑数，寸脉微小，而尺脉与寸脉不同，就是孕脉）。尺脉左侧偏大为男胎，右侧偏大为女胎，左右都大则生双胞胎，脉象大而充实如真实存在之物。（这也是“阴搏阳别”的含义，指尺脉实大，与寸脉不同，只是区分男左女右而已）。妇女怀孕四个月，想知道男女的方法：左手脉疾为男，右手脉疾为女，两手都疾为生双胞胎。（王子亨说：妊娠三部脉都滑利疾速，在左侧为男，在上侧为女）。让孕妇面向南行走，回头呼唤她，向左回首的是男胎，向右回首的是女胎。看她上厕所时，丈夫从后面急呼她，向左回首的是男胎，向右回首的是女胎。
娄全善说：按照丹溪的说法，男胎受胎在左子宫，女胎受胎在右子宫。这种说法非常契合上述理论。大概男胎在左边，所以左边沉重，回首时就会小心保护沉重处而转向左边。女胎在右边，所以右边沉重，回首时就会小心保护沉重处而转向右边。推之于脉象，道理也是一样的，胎在左边，血气护佑胎元而在左侧旺盛，所以脉象也随其变化，左侧疾为男，左侧大为男。胎在右边，血气护佑胎元而在右侧旺盛，所以脉象也随其变化，右侧疾为女，右侧大为女。这也如同经文所说：“阴搏阳别，谓之有子。”意思是受胎处在脐腹之下，血气护佑胎元而在下方旺盛，所以阴之尺脉鼓搏有力，而与阳之寸脉不同。又比如痈疖发在上方，则血气从上而寸脉盛；发在下方，则血气从下而尺脉盛；发在左侧，则血气从左而左脉盛；发在右侧，则血气从右而右脉盛。丹溪认为左大顺男，右大顺女，是指医生的左手和右手，这是智者的一个失误。
诊妇人有妊歌
肝主血兮肺主气，血为荣兮气为卫。阴阳配耦不参差，两脏通和皆类例。血衰气旺定无孕，血王气衰应有体。（肝藏血为荣属阴，肺主气为卫属阳，阴阳配耦是指夫妻匹配，偶合构精乃有子也。若血少气盛，则无娠孕。若血盛气少，则有孕也。）寸微关滑尺带数，流利往来并雀啄。小儿之脉已见形，数月怀耽犹未觉。（寸脉微，关脉滑，尺脉带数及流利雀啄，皆是经脉闭塞不行成胎。以上之脉，皆是血多气少之脉，是怀小儿之脉已见形状也。）左疾为男上为女，流利相通速来去。两手关脉大相应，已形亦在前通语。（左手脉疾为怀男，右手脉疾为怀女，及两脉流行滑利相通，疾速来去，是或两手关部脉洪大相应，是其胎已有形状也。）左手带纵两个儿，（纵者夫行乘妻，水行乘火，金行乘木，即鬼贼脉也，名曰纵。见在左手则怀两个男儿也。）右手带横一双女。（横者妻乘夫也，是火行乘水，木行乘金，即所胜脉也。名曰横。见于右手则怀一双女子也。）左手脉逆生三男，（逆者子乘母也，是水行乘金，火行乘木，即已生脉也，名曰逆。见于右手则怀三个男儿也。）右手脉顺还三女。（顺者母乘子也，是金行乘水，木行乘火，即生已之脉也，名曰顺。见于右手则怀三个女儿也。）寸关尺部皆相应，一男一女分形证。（寸关尺部脉大小迟疾相应者，是怀一男一女形证之脉也。谓关前为阳，关后为阴，阴阳脉相应，故怀一男一女也。）有时子死母身存，或即母亡存子命。（此二句之文，无辨子母存亡之法。）往来三部通流利，滑数相参皆替替。阳实阴虚脉得明，遍满胸膛皆逆气。（若寸关尺三部通行流利，皆替替有力而滑数，皆是阳实阴虚之脉，主妊妇逆气遍满胸膛而不顺也。）左手太阳浮大男，（左手寸口为太阳，其脉浮大，则是怀男之脉。）右手太阴沉细女。（右手寸口为太阴，是怀女脉也。）诸阳为男诸阴女，指下分明长记取。（诸阳脉皆为男，即浮大疾数滑实之类是也。当怀男子。诸阴脉者即沉细之类是也，当怀女子。）三部沉正等无绝，尺内不止真胎妇。（寸关尺三部脉沉浮正直齐等，举按无绝断，及尺内举按不止住者，真的怀胎妇也。）夫乘妻兮纵气雾，（经云∶纵者夫乘妻也，水行乘火，金行乘木，即鬼贼脉也，纵气雾，雾露也，又上下也，谓夫之阳气乘妻之阴气，二气上下相逐，如雾润结子也。）妻乘夫兮横气助。（横者妻乘夫也，见前注。谓两旁横气相佐助也。）子乘母兮逆气参，（逆者子乘母也，谓子气犯母气相乘，逆行之气相参合也。）母乘子兮顺气护。（是母气乘于子气，为顺气相护卫也。凡胎聚纵横逆顺四气以荣养，方以成形也。）小儿日足胎成聚，身热脉乱无所苦。（妇人怀小儿五个月，是以数足，胎成就而结聚也，必母身体壮热，当见脉躁乱，非病苦之证。谓五月胎已成，受火精以成气，故身热脉乱是无病也。）汗出不食吐逆时，精神结备其中住。（谓妊娠受五行精气以成形，禀二经以荣其母，怀妊至五月，其胎虽成，其气未备，故胎气未安，上冲心胸则汗出不食吐逆，名曰恶阻，俗呼选饭，唯思酸辛之味，以调胎气也。）滑疾不散三月胎，（妊娠三月名始胎，此是未有定义，心胞脉养之，故脉见滑疾流利，为少气多血，不散为血气盛，则始结为胎也。）但疾不散五月母。（其脉但疾数而不散者，是五个月怀胎之母也。）弦紧牢强滑利安，沉细而微归泉路，（孕妇之脉宜弦紧牢强滑利，为安吉之脉。若沉细而微，谓脉与形不相应，故云死也，前文虽云太阴沉细，又云诸阴为女，其说似有相违，谓三部脉皆不沉细及微故不同也。）
〔验胎法〕
〔海〕神方验胎散 妇女怀孕两三个月，月经停止，怀疑是有了身孕，却又担心是血滞心烦、寒热恍惚，此药可以验证是否受孕在内。如果外已有身孕，病无邪脉，用《素问》脉法推断，十有八九准确。
真雀脑芎（一两） 当归（全用，重一两者，只用七钱）
上为细末，分作两服，浓煎好艾汤一盏调下，或用好酒调服也可以。可以等待两三个时辰之间，觉得腹脐微微频繁跳动，就是有胎了，跳动停止后即痊愈，安稳无忧。如果不是胎，就不跳动，停滞的恶物自行排出，母亲也平安。如果服药不觉有效，再煎红花汤调下，必有神效。
〔灵苑〕治妇人经脉停三个月验胎法。真川芎为细末，浓煎艾汤下一匕投，腹内渐渐跳动是有胎了。
探胎散 妇女胎气有无，在疑惑之间，以此试探，有胎则吐，无则不吐。
皂角（去皮） 甘草（炙，各一钱） 黄连（半钱）
上为细末，作一服，温酒调服。
博陵医界的神人郝翁，士人陈尧遵的妻子生病，众医生认为是劳伤。郝翁说：赶快停药，这是妊娠证，并且祝贺您得了儿子。后来果然如此。又有两位孕妇，一位失音沉默不能说话。郝翁说：胎儿大了，经络壅塞，孩子生下来经络通畅就能说话了，不可用毒药治疗。另一位极其壮健，郝翁诊其脉说：母亲之气已死，之所以活着，反而是依靠胎儿之气罢了。如期孩子出生母亲死亡。（孕妇不语，并非生病，听到这样的话，不需要服药，临产日只服用保生丸、四物汤之类，产后自然能说话，也是自然之理，不是药物的力量。）
一位妇女突然口渴，只喝五味汁。名医耿隅诊其脉说：这是血欲凝，不是疾病。后来果然怀孕，古方中有血欲凝而渴饮五味之证，不可不知。
潘温叟诊虞部员外郎张咸之妻怀孕五年，南陵尉富昌龄之妻怀孕两年，团练使刘彝孙的外家怀孕十四个月，都没有生育。潘温叟看后说：这是疾病，凡是医生误以为是有孕罢了。于是给予破血攻毒的大剂药物让她服用。虞部之妻堕下肉块百余，有眉目形状。昌龄之妻梦见两个童子颜色漆黑，仓促惊恐疾走而去。孙之外家堕下大蛇，还在蜿蜒未死。三位妇女都安然无恙。
陈斗岩治疗叶南洲之妻闭经五月，下白带或赤带，午后发热，咳嗽呕吐，医生认为是劳瘵（肺结核）。陈斗岩看后说：两尺脉皆实，这必定是有孕，是因为外受风邪搏激所致。给予清和之剂而安定，半年生一子。
Wenkang stated: Is there no fixed rule for the timing of conception? As for distinguishing the sex of the fetus, it is not constrained by the sequence of arrival of Jing (Essence) and Xue (Blood), nor by the number of days after menstruation ends when intercourse occurs, nor by whether it happens before or after midnight, nor by whether the father is strong and the mother weak, or vice versa. It solely depends on which party's Jing or Xue, arriving via the Hundred Vessels (Bai Mai), has the superior force. Therefore, if the Jing arriving via the Hundred Vessels has a force that surpasses the Xue, a male fetus is formed; if the Xue arriving via the Hundred Vessels has a force that surpasses the Jing, a female fetus is formed. Regarding those who have miscarriages after pregnancy, those whose children are born but do not survive, those whose children survive but have short lives, and those who live long with boundless blessings, these differences are due to the robustness or fragility of the inherited Jing and Xue determining longevity. People in the world fail to observe this, unaware that the robustness or fragility of Jing and Xue is determined at the beginning of endowment. They blame miscarriages solely on the mother, attribute failure to nurture solely to the child, and ascribe longevity or premature death solely to fate. Is this not absurd?
[Diagnosis]
If a woman is seven months pregnant and this is unknown, and she frequently suffers from epistaxis (nosebleed) accompanied by muscle spasms (Zhuan Jin), this is a sign of pregnancy (Qu). If she sneezes and feels vibration during the nosebleed, it is not pregnancy. The *Su Wen* states: "When the pulse of the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian moves vigorously, it indicates pregnancy." (*Ping Ren Qi Xiang Lun* refers to the Taixi pulse. Quan Yuanqi's version writes Foot Shaoyin, while Wang Bing's version writes Hand Taiyin; the former should be followed. Wang's commentary says: A Dong pulse is like a bean trembling. Another interpretation is that 'Dong Shen' means the movement is very large.) "Yin Bo Yang Bie" (The Yin pulse beats distinctly different from the Yang pulse) is called having a child. (Wang's commentary on *Yin Yang Bie Lun* says: Yin refers to the Chi (Cun-Guan-Chi) position, specifically the Chi pulse. Bo refers to the pulse striking the fingers. When the Chi pulse beats differently from the Cun pulse, it is a sign of pregnancy.)
[Pulse Diagnosis]
At the beginning of pregnancy, the Cun pulse is minute and small, with five breaths per pulse beat. By three months, the Chi pulse becomes rapid (Shu). If the pulse is slippery (Hua) and rapid (Ji), and feels scattered when pressed heavily, it indicates three months of pregnancy. If the pulse feels firm when pressed heavily, but is only rapid without being slippery, it indicates five months of pregnancy. (This is the meaning of "Yin Bo Yang Bie," stating that the Chi pulse is slippery and rapid, the Cun pulse is minute, and the difference between Chi and Cun indicates pregnancy.) If the Chi pulse is larger on the left, it is a male fetus; if larger on the right, it is a female fetus; if both are large, twins will be born. The pulse feels full and solid. (This is also the meaning of "Yin Bo Yang Bie," meaning the Chi pulse is solid and large, distinct from the Cun pulse, distinguishing male left and female right.) For a woman four months pregnant, to know the sex: Left pulse rapid indicates male, right pulse rapid indicates female, both rapid indicates twins. (Wang Ziheng said: If all three positions of the pregnancy pulse are slippery and rapid, left indicates male, upper indicates female.) Have the pregnant woman walk facing south, then call her back. If she turns her head to the left, it is a male fetus; if to the right, it is a female fetus. When she is using the toilet, have her husband call her urgently from behind. If she turns her head to the left, it is a male fetus; if to the right, it is a female fetus.
Lou Quanshan said: According to Danxi, male fetuses conceive in the left uterus, and female fetuses in the right uterus. This statement greatly agrees with the above theory. Generally, if the male fetus is on the left, the left side is heavier, so when turning her head, she protects the heavy side and turns left. If the female fetus is on the right, the right side is heavier, so she protects the heavy side and turns right. Applying this to pulses, the principle is the same. If the fetus is on the left, blood and Qi protect the fetus and become abundant on the left, so the pulse follows suit, making left rapid indicate male and left large indicate male. If the fetus is on the right, blood and Qi protect the fetus and become abundant on the right, so the pulse follows suit, making right rapid indicate female and right large indicate female. This is also like the classic saying: "Yin Bo Yang Bie, Wei Zhi You Zi." It means the conception site is below the navel and abdomen, where blood and Qi protect the fetus and become abundant below, so the Yin Chi pulse beats vigorously and differs from the Yang Cun pulse. Similarly, if an abscess boils up above, blood and Qi go up and the Cun pulse is strong; if below, blood and Qi go down and the Chi pulse is strong; if on the left, blood and Qi go left and the left pulse is strong; if on the right, blood and Qi go right and the right pulse is strong. Danxi believed left large conforms to male and right large conforms to female, referring to the doctor's left and right hands, which is a mistake by even the wise.
Song on Diagnosing Pregnancy in Women
The Liver stores Blood, the Lung governs Qi. Blood forms Ying (Nutritive), Qi forms Wei (Defensive). Yin and Yang match without discrepancy; the two organs harmonize similarly. If Blood is deficient and Qi is prosperous, there will definitely be no pregnancy. If Blood is prosperous and Qi is deficient, there will be pregnancy. (The Liver stores Blood forming Ying, belonging to Yin; the Lung governs Qi forming Wei, belonging to Yang. Yin-Yang matching refers to the union of husband and wife, combining essence to conceive. If Blood is scanty and Qi is excessive, there is no pregnancy. If Blood is excessive and Qi is scanty, there is pregnancy.) Cun is minute, Guan is slippery, Chi carries Shu (rapid). Flowing and smooth, coming and going like a sparrow pecking. The pulse of the child already shows form, though several months of pregnancy are still unnoticed. (Cun minute, Guan slippery, Chi carrying Shu, flowing and smooth like sparrow pecking, all indicate meridians blocked, leading to conception. The above pulses are all pulses of much Blood and little Qi, showing the form of pregnancy.) Left rapid indicates male, upper indicates female. Flowing and connected, coming and going quickly. Both hands' Guan pulses large and corresponding, the form is already present as previously discussed. (Left hand pulse rapid indicates male pregnancy, right hand pulse rapid indicates female pregnancy. Also, if both pulses flow smoothly and connect, coming and going rapidly, or if both Guan parts are large and corresponding, the fetus already has form.) Left hand Dai Zong (Vertical) indicates two sons. (Zong means Husband riding Wife, Water riding Fire, Metal riding Wood, i.e., Gui Zei pulse, named Zong. Seen in the left hand, it indicates two male children.) Right hand Dai Heng (Horizontal) indicates twin daughters. (Heng means Wife riding Husband, Fire riding Water, Wood riding Metal, i.e., Suo Sheng pulse, named Heng. Seen in the right hand, it indicates twin female children.) Left hand pulse Ni (Reverse) gives birth to three males. (Ni means Child riding Mother, Water riding Metal, Fire riding Wood, i.e., Yi Sheng pulse, named Ni. Seen in the right hand, it indicates three male children.) Right hand pulse Shun (Smooth) returns three females. (Shun means Mother riding Child, Metal riding Water, Wood riding Fire, i.e., Sheng Yi pulse, named Shun. Seen in the right hand, it indicates three female children.) Cun, Guan, and Chi positions all correspond; one male and one female show distinct signs. (When Cun, Guan, and Chi pulses are equal in size, slowness/rapidity, it is the pulse sign of one male and one female. Guan front is Yang, Guan back is Yin. Yin and Yang pulses correspond, hence one male and one female.) Sometimes the child dies but the mother survives, or the mother dies but the child's life remains. (These two lines lack a method to distinguish parent-child survival.) Coming and going through the three positions, all smooth and flowing. Hua (Slippery) and Shu (Rapid) intermingle, all Titi (vigorous). Yang excess and Yin deficiency make the pulse clear; filling the chest is all rebellious Qi. (If Cun, Guan, and Chi all flow smoothly, all Titi vigorous and slippery/rapid, these are all Yang excess and Yin deficiency pulses, indicating pregnant women with rebellious Qi filling the chest and不顺.) Left hand Taiyang floating and large indicates male. (Left hand Cun Kou is Taiyang; its pulse floating and large indicates male pregnancy.) Right hand Taiyin sinking and fine indicates female. (Right hand Cun Kou is Taiyin; sinking and fine indicates female pregnancy.) All Yang pulses are male, all Yin pulses are female. Clearly remember this under the fingers. (All Yang pulses are male, such as floating, large, rapid, slippery, solid. Should be male. All Yin pulses are such as sinking and fine. Should be female.) Three positions sinking and straight, equal without interruption. Chi internal rising and pressing does not stop, truly a pregnant woman. (Cun, Guan, Chi pulses float/sink straight and equal, lifting/pressing without interruption, and Chi internal lifting/pressing does not stop, truly a pregnant woman.) Husband rides Wife, Zong Qi is like fog/mist. (Classic says: Zong is Husband riding Wife, Water riding Fire, Metal riding Wood, i.e., Gui Zei pulse. Zong Qi Wu, mist/dew, also up/down. Means Husband's Yang Qi rides Wife's Yin Qi, two energies chase each other up/down, like mist moistening to form the seed.) Wife rides Husband, Heng Qi assists. (Heng is Wife riding Husband, see previous note. Means lateral Heng Qi assists.) Child rides Mother, Ni Qi participates. (Ni is Child riding Mother, means Child Qi offends Mother Qi riding, rebellious Qi participates.) Mother rides Child, Shun Qi protects. (Mother Qi rides Child Qi, is Shun Qi protecting. All fetuses gather Zong, Heng, Ni, Shun four Qi to nourish, thus forming shape.) Child's days complete, fetus gathers. Body hot, pulse chaotic, no suffering. (When a woman carries a child for five months, the count is complete, the fetus is accomplished and gathered. The mother must have body heat and chaotic pulse, not a pathological suffering. It means at five months the fetus is formed, receiving Fire Essence to form Qi, so body heat and chaotic pulse are disease-free.) Sweating, not eating, vomiting and reflux at times. Spirit and essence gather and reside within. (Pregnancy receives Five Elements essence to form shape, inherits two meridians to nourish the mother. At five months pregnancy, although the fetus is formed, its Qi is not prepared. Thus fetal Qi is unstable, rushing up to heart/chest causing sweating, not eating, vomiting/reflux, named E Zu (Morning Sickness), commonly called Xuan Fan, craving sour/spicy flavors to regulate fetal Qi.) Slippery and rapid without scattering: three-month fetus. (Three months pregnancy is named Shi Tai. Definition not yet fixed, Pericardium meridian nourishes it. Pulse appears slippery/rapid/smooth, indicating little Qi much Blood. Without scattering indicates abundant Blood/Qi, thus initially forming fetus.) Only rapid without scattering: five-month mother. (Pulse only rapid/numerous without scattering indicates five-month pregnant mother.) Xian (Bowstring), Jin (Tight), Lao (Firm), Qiang (Strong), Hua (Slippery), Li (Smooth) indicate peace. Chen (Sinking), Xi (Fine), Wei (Minute) lead to the spring path. (Pregnant women's pulses should be Xian, Jin, Lao, Qiang, Hua, Li, indicating auspiciousness. If Chen, Xi, Wei, it means pulse and form do not correspond, hence death. Although previous text said Taiyin Chen Xi and all Yin are female, this seems contradictory, but it means if all three positions are not Chen/Xi/Wei, they are different.)
[Methods to Verify Pregnancy]
[Hai] Divine Formula Yan Tai San. For women two or three months pregnant, menstruation stops. Suspecting pregnancy, yet worrying about Blood stasis causing vexation, cold/heat, and confusion, this medicine can verify if conception is inside. If externally pregnant, with no evil pulse, deducing by *Su Wen* pulse methods, eight or nine out of ten are accurate.
Zhen Que Nao Xiong (One Liang) Dang Gui (Use whole, weighing one Liang, use only Seven Qian).
Grind into fine powder, divide into two doses. Mix well with decoction of Mugwort (Ai Ye) tea, take orally. Or mix with good wine. Wait two or three hours. If feeling slight frequent movement in abdomen/navel, there is a fetus. After movement stops, health returns, safe and secure. If not a fetus, no movement occurs, stagnant evil matter expels itself, mother is also safe. If no effect after taking medicine, decoct Hong Hua (Safflower) tea again to take, must have divine effect.
[Ling Yuan] Method to verify pregnancy for women with stopped menstruation for three months. True Chuan Xiong ground into fine powder. Take one Bi (measure) mixed with thick Mugwort tea. Gradual movement in abdomen indicates pregnancy.
Tan Tai San. To probe whether fetal Qi exists in women, in doubt, use this to test. With fetus, vomit; without, no vomit.
Zao Jiao (Remove skin) Gan Cao (Roasted, each One Qian) Huang Lian (Half Qian).
Grind into fine powder, make one dose. Mix with warm wine to take.
Hao Weng, a divine physician from Boling, treated the wife of Scholar Chen Yaozun who was ill. Many doctors considered it Labor Injury (Lao Shang). Hao said: Quickly discard medicines, this is a pregnancy syndrome, and congratulate you on getting a son. Later it proved true. Again, two pregnant women: one was aphasic and silent. Hao said: The fetus is large, meridians are blocked. Once the child is born and meridians open, she will speak. Do not poison with medicine. Another was extremely robust. Hao diagnosed her pulse: "Mother's Qi is already dead. The reason she lives is relying on the fetus's Qi." Predicted: Child born on time, mother dies. (Aphasia in pregnancy is not illness. Hearing this, no need to take medicine. On delivery day, only take Bao Sheng Wan, Si Wu Tang etc. She will speak naturally after birth, natural principle, not drug power.)
One woman had sudden thirst, drinking only Wu Wei Zhi (Five Flavor Juice). Famous doctor Geng Yu diagnosed her pulse: "Blood wants to coagulate, not a disease." Later indeed pregnant. Ancient formulas have the syndrome of blood wanting to coagulate causing thirst for Wu Wei, must know this.
Pan Wensou diagnosed Yu Bu Yuan Wai Lang Zhang Xian's wife pregnant for five years, Nan Ling Wei Fu Changling's wife pregnant for two years, Tuan Lian Shi Liu Yisun's maternal relative pregnant for fourteen months, all without childbirth. Pan Wensou viewed them and said: "It is a disease. All doctors wrongly assumed pregnancy." Then gave large doses of Blood-breaking and Poison-attacking drugs. Yu Bu's wife expelled over a hundred flesh lumps, shaped with eyebrows and eyes. Changling's wife dreamed of two black-skinned boys, fled in panic. Liu's relative expelled a large snake, still wriggling alive. All three women were unharmed.
Chen Douyan treated Ye Nanzhou's wife who had amenorrhea for five months, discharging white or red fluid, afternoon fever, cough, and vomiting. Doctors considered it Lao Zhai (Consumption/TB). Chen viewed and said: Both Chi pulses are solid. This must be pregnancy, caused by external Wind Evil attacking. Given Qing He (Clearing and Harmonizing) agents and stabilized. Half a year later, gave birth to a son.