巢氏云∶小儿卒死者，是三虚而遇贼风，故无病仓卒而死也。三虚者，乘年之
衰，一也。逢月之空，二也。失时之和，三也。有人因此三虚，复为贼风所伤，使
阴气偏竭于内，阳气阻隔于外，而气壅闭，阴阳不通，故暴绝而死也。若腑脏未竭，
良久乃苏。亦有兼挟鬼神气者，皆须邪退乃生也。凡中客忤及中恶卒死，而邪气不
尽，停蓄心腹，久乃发动，多变成疰也。
〔茅先生〕卒死候，眼合、哜齿、遍身如绵软、面青黑、口鼻冷。此候因本
生下而遍身热，或因有惊患，医人一向退热，不曾下得惊积及奶积，遂积聚被邪气至此。
上前件三个候，都来一般，只是要辨元初受患根源治之，急下夺命散与吐下风
涎醒后便下匀气散二服补除后，下朱砂膏 镇心丸与服，如有伏热来时，
即下大附散与调理，二三日安乐。前件三个形候，只是此一般调理。上件疾，
见鸦声上啼、偏搐、汗如珠、不得睡、眼障泪出，死候，不治。
《金匮要略》治小儿卒死而吐利不知是何病方
上以马屎一团，绞取汁，灌之，无湿者水煮，干者取汁。
《葛氏肘后》救卒死而壮热者。
上用矾石半斤，水一升半煮消，以渍脚，令没踝。
又方 救卒死而目闭者。
上用骑牛临面捣薤汁灌之耳中。
又方 救卒死而四肢不收，屎便者。
上取牛洞一升，温酒灌口中。洞者，稀粪也。
《千金》卒死无脉，无他形候，阴阳俱竭故也。
上用牵牛临鼻上二百息，牛舐必瘥。牛不肯舐，着盐汁涂面上，即牛肯舐。
又方 上炙熨斗熨两胁下。（《备急方》云∶又治尸厥。）
治魇死不自觉者方
上用慎灯火勿令人手动，牵牛临其上即觉，若卒不能语，取东门上鸡头末之，以酒服。
治卒魇死方 上捣韭汁灌鼻孔中，剧者灌两耳。（张仲景云∶灌口中。）
治鬼不悟方 上末伏龙肝，吹鼻中。
又方 上末皂荚，如大豆许吹鼻中，嚏则气通，起死人。（《集验方》云∶治中恶。）
《圣惠》治小儿卒死方
上取女青末半钱，用牛乳汁调服之。
又方 上烧 猪粪，水解取汁服之。
又方 上以苦参、醋煮汁，少许，纳口中即苏，水煮亦得。又，酒煮烂棺木板取汁，服少许。
又方 上煎盐汤令极咸，以物拗口开灌之，令入腹，即活。
又方 以热汤和灰，浓拥身上，逡巡即苏。
《婴孺》治小儿不知所病便死绝方
上取雄鸡冠临儿口上，割血滴入口，下即活。
《肘后》灸法 卒死而四肢不收屎便者，灸心下一寸，脐上三寸，脐下四寸，各一百壮，儿小者随年。
《千金》治卒死针间使，各百余息。
又 灸鼻下人中，一名鬼客厅。（《肘后方》云∶又治尸厥。）
巢元方说：小儿突然死亡，是因为处于“三虚”的状态又遭遇了贼风（指不正之气），所以即使没有明显疾病也会仓促死亡。所谓“三虚”，一是逢上年运衰弱之年，这是其一；二是遇到月亮亏空之时，这是其二；三是违背了四时气候的调和，这是其三。有人在这三种虚弱状态下，又受到贼风的侵袭，导致阴气在内过度耗竭，阳气在外被阻隔，从而气机壅塞闭阻，阴阳之气不通，因此突然断绝气息而死。如果脏腑精气尚未完全耗尽，过一段时间后可能苏醒。也有兼夹鬼神邪气的情况，都必须等到邪气退去才能生还。凡是中受客忤（指突受惊吓或异气侵扰）及中恶突然死亡的，如果邪气未尽，停聚在心腹部位，时间久了就会发作，多转变为疰病（一种具有传染性、病程迁延的慢性消耗性疾病）。
〔茅先生〕论述卒死征候：眼睛闭合、咬牙、全身像绵软一样无力、面色青黑、口鼻冰冷。这种征候是因为婴儿出生时遍身发热，或者因为受到惊骇，医生一味地退热，没有及时消除惊积和奶积，于是积聚之物被邪气所困至此。以上这三种征候，治疗原则大体相同，关键在于辨别最初患病的根源进行治疗。急用夺命散攻下，待吐出风涎、患者苏醒后，再服用两剂匀气散以补益并清除余邪，随后服用朱砂膏和镇心丸。如果有伏热发作，就服用大附散进行调理，二三天后即可安乐无事。上述三种形证，都只是按照这一常规方法调理。对于上述疾病，如果出现鸦叫声上啼、身体偏侧抽搐、汗出如珠、无法入睡、眼睑肿胀流泪等症状，属于死候，不可治愈。
《金匮要略》治疗小儿卒死且伴有吐泻，不知是什么病的方子：
取马粪一团，绞取汁液，灌入患儿口中。如果是湿马粪直接取汁，干马粪则用水煮取汁。
《葛氏肘后备急方》救治卒死且身体壮热的患者：
取矾石半斤，加水一升半煮至溶解，用来浸泡双脚，使脚踝没入药液中。
另一个方子：救治卒死且眼睛紧闭的患者：
取骑牛草（一种草药）对着面部捣烂取汁，滴入耳中。
又一个方子：救治卒死且四肢松弛不收、大小便失禁的患者：
取牛洞（即稀粪）一升，用温酒混合灌入口中。
《千金方》认为卒死无脉，没有其他形证，是因为阴阳之气都竭尽了。
取牵牛子放在鼻子上方二百次呼吸的时间，让牛舔舐患处必定痊愈。如果牛不肯舔，将盐汁涂在面上，牛就会肯舔。
又一个方子：用炙热的熨斗熨烫两侧胁下。（《备急方》说：也治疗尸厥。）
治疗因魇梦而死而不自知的方子：
小心灯火，不要让人随意动手，将牵牛子放在患儿上方即可苏醒。如果突然不能说话，取东门上的鸡头磨成粉末，用酒送服。
治疗卒然魇死的方子：
捣取韭菜汁灌入鼻孔中，病情严重的灌入双耳。（张仲景说：灌入口中。）
又一个方子：将皂荚研末，如大豆大小吹入鼻中，打喷嚏则气机通畅，可使死人复活。（《集验方》说：治疗中恶。）
《圣惠方》治疗小儿卒死的方子：
取女青粉末半钱，用牛乳汁调服。
又一个方子：烧猪粪，用水化解取汁服用。
又一个方子：用苦参加醋煮取汁液，少许纳入口中即可苏醒，用水煮也可以。另外，用酒煮烂棺材木板取汁，服用少许。
又一个方子：煎盐汤使其极咸，用器具撬开嘴巴灌入，令其进入腹部，即可活命。
又一个方子：用热汤调和草木灰，浓敷包裹在身上，片刻即可苏醒。
《婴孺书》治疗小儿不知患病便突然死亡的方子：
取雄鸡冠置于患儿口上，割破滴血入口，随即苏醒。
《肘后方》灸法：卒死且四肢松弛不收、大小便失禁者，灸心下一寸（鸠尾穴附近）、脐上三寸、脐下四寸，各一百壮，幼儿根据年龄调整壮数。
Chao Yuanfang stated: Sudden death in infants and children occurs when they are in a state of "Three Deficiencies" (San Xu) and encounter thief-wind (Zei Feng, pathogenic wind from abnormal directions). Thus, they may die suddenly even without apparent disease. The "Three Deficiencies" are: first, encountering a year of declining annual fortune (Nian Shuai); second, meeting the time of the waning moon (Yue Kong); third, failing to harmonize with the seasonal climate (Shi He). If one suffers these three deficiencies and is further injured by thief-wind, Yin Qi becomes excessively depleted internally, while Yang Qi is blocked externally. This leads to Qi stagnation and closure, obstruction of Yin and Yang communication, resulting in sudden cessation of breath and death. If the Zang-Fu organs have not completely exhausted their essence, revival may occur after a long period. There are also cases involving the interference of ghostly or evil spirits; life can only be restored once the pathogenic factors recede. In cases of Ke Wu (sudden shock or invasion by alien qi) and Zhong E (sudden poisoning by malignant qi) leading to sudden death, if the pathogenic Qi is not fully eliminated and remains stagnant in the heart and abdomen, it may trigger later onset, often transforming into Zhu Disease (Zhu Bing, a chronic, contagious wasting disease).
[Mao Xiansheng] described the signs of sudden death: eyes closed, teeth clenched, body flaccid like cotton, face dark blue/black, and cold mouth and nose. This condition arises because the infant was born with generalized heat, or due to fright. Physicians solely focused on reducing fever without resolving the accumulation of fright or milk retention. Consequently, these accumulations were trapped by pathogenic Qi. For these three types of presentations, the treatment principle is generally the same: identify the root cause of the initial illness and treat accordingly. Urgently administer Duoming San (Snatch Life Powder) to purge; after vomiting out wind-phlegm and regaining consciousness, administer two doses of Yunqi San (Harmonizing Qi Powder) to tonify and clear residual pathogens. Subsequently, administer Zhusha Gao (Cinnabar Paste) and Zhenxin Wan (Heart-Calming Pill). If latent heat emerges, use Dafu San (Great Fu Powder) for regulation; peace and health will return within two to three days. These three forms are managed similarly. However, if symptoms such as crow-like crying, unilateral convulsions, sweat beading like pearls, insomnia, eyelid swelling with tearing appear, these are signs of impending death and are incurable.
*Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet) formula for treating sudden death in infants accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea, where the disease nature is unknown:
Take a ball of horse dung, squeeze out the juice, and instill it. If using wet dung, take the juice directly; if dry, boil in water to extract the juice.
*Ge Shi Zhouhou Fang* (Emergency Prescriptions Ke in the Sleeve by Ge Hong) for rescuing sudden death with high fever:
Take half a jin (approx. 500g) of Alum (Fan Shi), boil in one and a half sheng (approx. 300ml) of water until dissolved, and soak the feet, submerging the ankles.
Another formula for rescuing sudden death with closed eyes:
Crush Qiniu Linmian (a herb) facing the patient's face, extract the juice, and instill into the ears.
Another formula for rescuing sudden death with flaccid limbs and incontinence:
Take one sheng (approx. 200ml) of Niu Dong (cow dung slurry), mix with warm wine, and pour into the mouth. "Dong" refers to loose stool.
*Qianjin Fang* (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) states that sudden death with no pulse and no other symptoms is due to the exhaustion of both Yin and Yang Qi.
Place Qianniu (Pharbitis Seed) above the nose for the duration of two hundred breaths; having an animal lick the area will ensure recovery. If the animal refuses to lick, apply salt water to the face, which will encourage it to lick.
Another formula: Apply hot moxibustion or warming iron to both hypochondriac regions. (*Beiji Fang* notes: also treats Shi Jue/Corpse Trance).
Formula for treating death from nightmare (Yan Si) without self-awareness:
Keep lights low and prevent people from moving the patient. Place Qianniu above the patient to induce awakening. If sudden aphasia occurs, take chicken head powder from the east gate, grind it, and administer with wine.
Formula for treating sudden death from nightmare:
Crush fresh Chinese chive juice and instill into the nostrils; for severe cases, instill into both ears. (Zhang Zhongjing stated: instill into the mouth.)
Formula for treating bewitchment/unconsciousness:
Grind Fulonggan (Caosin, stove-heart earth) into powder and insufflate into the nose.
Another formula: Grind Soap Pod (Zaojia) into powder, take a amount the size of a soybean, and insufflate into the nose. Sneezing will open the Qi mechanism and revive the deceased. (*Jiyan Fang* notes: treats Zhong E).
*Shenghui Fang* (Holy Healing Formulas) formula for treating sudden death in infants:
Take half a qian (approx. 3-5g) of Nuqing powder, mix with cow's milk, and administer orally.
Another formula: Burn pig feces, dissolve in water, extract the juice, and drink.
Another formula: Boil Sophora Root (Kushen) with vinegar, take a small amount of the juice and place in the mouth to restore consciousness; boiling with water is also acceptable. Alternatively, boil rotten coffin wood in wine, extract the juice, and consume a small amount.
Another formula: Prepare extremely salty brine, pry open the mouth with a tool, and pour it in to enter the stomach, which will restore life.
Another formula: Mix hot water with plant ash, apply thickly over the body; revival will occur shortly.
*Yingru Shu* formula for treating infants who die suddenly without known illness:
Place the comb of a rooster above the infant's mouth, cut it to drip blood into the mouth, and the infant will revive.
*Moxibustion Method from Zhouhou Fang*: For sudden death with flaccid limbs and incontinence, moxa-burn points 1 cun below the heart (near Jiutui), 3 cun above the umbilicus, and 4 cun below the umbilicus, 100 moxa cones each. For smaller children, adjust the number according to age.
*Qianjin Fang* for treating sudden death: Acupuncture at Jianshi (PC5), retain needle for over two hundred breaths.
Another method: Moxa-burn Renzhong (GV26), also known as Guike Ting (Ghost Guest Hall). (*Zhouhou Fang* notes: also treats Shi Jue).