经云∶暴病卒死，皆属于火。注云∶火性速疾故也。然初治之药，不寒而温，不
降而升，甚者从治也。俗有中风、中气、中食、中寒、中暑、中湿、中恶之别。但
见卒然仆倒，昏不知人，或痰涎壅塞、咽喉作声，或口眼 斜，手足瘫痪，或半身
不遂，或六脉沉伏，或指下浮盛者，并可用麻油、姜汁、竹沥，调苏合香丸，如口
噤抉开灌之。或用三生饮一两，加人参一两煎成，入竹沥二三杯，姜汁少许。如抉
不开，不可进药，急以生半夏为末，吹入鼻中，或用细辛、皂角、菖蒲为末，吹入
得嚏则苏。此可以验其受病深浅，则知其可治不可治。（详见中风门口噤条。）若口开手撒遗
尿者，虚极而阳暴脱也，速用大料参 接补之，及脐下大艾灸之。痰涎壅盛者宜吐
之，急救稀涎散，猪牙皂角肥实不蛀者四挺，去黑皮，晋矾光明者一两，各为细末
研匀，轻者五分，重者三字，温水调灌下。又碧霞散，拣上色精好石绿，研筛水飞，
再研取二三钱，同冰片三四豆许研匀，以生薄荷汁合温酒调服之。二药不大呕吐，
但微微令涎自口角流出自苏。旧说口开心绝，手撒脾绝，眼合肝绝，遗尿肾绝，声
如鼾肺绝，皆为不治之症。然五症不全见者，速服参 膏，灸脐下，亦有得生者。
卒中眼上戴不能视者，灸第二椎骨、第五椎上各七壮，一齐下火炷如半枣核大。若
中人发直吐清沫，摇头上撺，面赤如妆，汗缀如珠，或头面赤黑，眼闭口开，气喘
遗尿，皆不可治。诸中或未苏，或巳苏，或初病，或久病，忽吐出紫红色者死。
《传心方》云∶治男子妇人涎潮于心，卒然中倒，当实时扶入暖室中，扶策正坐，当
面作好醋炭熏之，令醋气冲入口鼻内，良久，其涎潮聚于心者自收归旧。轻者实时
苏醒，重者亦省人事，唯不可吃一滴汤水入喉也。如吃汤水，则其涎永系于心络不
能去，必成废人。
风邪中人，六脉多沉伏，亦有脉随气奔，指下洪盛者。浮迟吉，坚大急疾凶。
浮迟为寒。虚大为暑，不当暑则为虚。浮涩为湿。浮大为风。浮数无热亦为风。微
而数、浮而紧、沉而迟皆气中。风应人迎。气应气口。洪大为火。滑为痰。或浮
而滑、沉而滑、微而虚者，皆虚与痰。更当察时月气候，及其人之起居，参以显症，
而定病之主名，以施治疗。
《黄帝内经》中说：突发疾病和突然死亡，都属于火邪。注释说：这是因为火的性质具有迅速、急迫的特点。然而，在初期治疗时，用药不采用寒凉而用温性，不采用沉降而用升提，这是针对重症采用的“从治”法（即顺从病势假象而治）。世俗将卒中分为中风、中气、中食、中寒、中暑、中湿、中恶等不同类别。只要见到突然仆倒、昏迷不省人事，或者痰涎壅塞、咽喉发出声响，或者口眼歪斜、手足瘫痪，或者半身不遂，或者六脉沉伏，或者指下感觉浮盛者，都可以使用麻油、姜汁、竹沥，调服苏合香丸；如果牙关紧闭无法撬开，则灌入药液。或者使用三生饮一两，加入人参一两煎煮成汤，再兑入竹沥二三杯、少许姜汁。如果牙关紧闭无法撬开，不可强行进药，应立即将生半夏研为细末，吹入鼻中；或者使用细辛、皂角、石菖蒲研为细末，吹入鼻中，若能打喷嚏则患者苏醒。这可以用来验证病情的深浅，从而判断是否可治。（详见中风门关于牙关紧闭的条目。）如果见到口张手撒、遗尿的情况，说明正气极度虚弱且阳气暴脱，应迅速使用大量人参进行接补，并在脐下施以大剂量艾灸。痰涎壅盛者宜采用催吐法，急救可用稀涎散，取肥实无蛀虫的猪牙皂角四挺，去掉黑皮，光明纯净的白矾一两，各研为细末并混合均匀，轻症用五分，重症用三字量，用温水调匀后灌服。又有碧霞散，选取上等精好的石绿，研磨过筛并经水飞处理，再次研磨取二三钱，与冰片三四粒豆大小的量一起研匀，用新鲜薄荷汁调和温酒送服。这两种药不会引起剧烈呕吐，只需微微让痰涎从口角流出，患者即可苏醒。旧时说口张是心绝，手撒是脾绝，眼闭是肝绝，遗尿是肾绝，声音如鼾睡是肺绝，这些都是不治之症。然而，如果上述五种症状不全见，迅速服用参膏，灸治脐下，也有存活的可能。卒中被风邪击中导致眼睛上翻不能视物者，灸第二椎骨旁、第五椎骨旁各七壮，同时点燃艾炷，大小如半颗枣核。如果是被风邪击中导致头发直立、吐出清稀泡沫、摇头上窜、面色红赤如化妆般、汗珠如串珠、或者头面青黑、眼闭口开、气喘遗尿，都是不可治疗的。各种卒中患者，无论尚未苏醒、已经苏醒、初发病或久病，忽然吐出紫红色血液的预后不良。《传心方》说：治疗男女因痰涎上涌于心，突然昏倒，应当立即扶入温暖房间，扶持坐正，当面用好醋炭熏蒸，令醋气冲入口鼻内，许久后，聚积于心的痰涎自然会收敛归位。轻者立即苏醒，重者也能恢复意识，唯独不可喝一滴汤水进入喉咙。如果喝了汤水，那么痰涎就会永远束缚在心络中无法去除，必定成为废人。
风邪中人，六脉多呈沉伏状，也有脉搏随气机奔涌，指下感觉洪大旺盛的。脉象浮迟为吉，坚大急疾为凶。浮迟主寒。虚大主暑，非暑季出现则为虚证。浮涩主湿。浮大主风。浮数而无热也主风。微而数、浮而紧、沉而迟皆属气中（气厥）。风邪致病应察人迎脉。气机失调应察气口脉。洪大为火。滑脉主痰。或浮而滑、沉而滑、微而虚者，皆为虚证与痰证。更应当观察时节气候，以及患者的起居状况，结合明显症状，来确定疾病的主要名称，从而实施治疗。
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: Sudden illness and abrupt death all belong to Fire. The annotation explains: This is because the nature of Fire is rapid and swift. However, in initial treatment, medicines are not cold but warm, not descending but ascending; for severe cases, this is "concordant treatment" (treating according to the apparent false symptoms). Secularly, stroke is categorized into wind-stroke, qi-stroke, food-stroke, cold-stroke, summerheat-stroke, dampness-stroke, and evil-stroke. Whenever one observes sudden collapse, unconsciousness, or phlegm-saliva obstructing the throat with gurgling sounds, or deviation of the mouth and eye, paralysis of limbs, hemiplegia, deep and hidden pulse in all six positions, or a floating and excessive pulse felt under the fingers, one may use sesame oil, ginger juice, and bamboo sap to administer Suhe Xiang Wan (Styrax Pill). If the jaw is clenched and cannot be pried open, the medicine should be forced down. Alternatively, use Sansheng Yin (Three Lives Decoction) 1 liang, add Ren Shen (Ginseng Root) 1 liang, decoct, then add 2-3 cups of bamboo sap and a little ginger juice. If the jaw cannot be pried open, do not force oral medication; immediately blow powdered raw Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber) into the nose, or blow a mixture of Xi Xin (Asarum Root), Zao Jiao (Gleditsia Sinensis Fruit), and Chang Pu (Acorus Rhizome) powder into the nose. If sneezing occurs, the patient will recover. This can verify the depth of the disease and determine if it is treatable. (See detailed discussion on Jaw Clenching in the Wind-Stroke section.) If one observes an open mouth, scattered hands, and urinary incontinence, it indicates extreme deficiency and sudden collapse of Yang. Rapidly use large doses of Ren Shen (Ginseng Root) to tonify and rescue, and apply moxibustion with large cones below the navel. For excessive phlegm-saliva, emesis is indicated. For emergency rescue, use Xi Yan San (Saliva-Thinning Powder): take 4 thick, uninfested stalks of Zhu Ya Zao Jiao (Toothed Gleditsia Fruit), remove black skin, and 1 liang of bright Ming Fan (Alumen), grind each into fine powder and mix evenly. For mild cases, use 5 fen; for severe cases, use 3 zhi. Mix with warm water and administer. Another formula is Bi Xia San: select high-quality Shi Lv (Malachite), grind, sieve, and process by water levigation. Grind again and take 2-3 qian. Mix evenly with Bing Pian (Borneol) equivalent to 3-4 bean seeds. Take mixed with fresh Bo He Ye (Mentha Haplocalyx Juice) and warm wine. These two medicines do not cause violent vomiting but only slightly induce salivation from the corners of the mouth, after which the patient recovers. Old theories state that an open mouth indicates Heart exhaustion, scattered hands indicate Spleen exhaustion, closed eyes indicate Liver exhaustion, urinary incontinence indicates Kidney exhaustion, and snoring sound indicates Lung exhaustion; these are all untreatable conditions. However, if not all five signs are present, rapidly administering Shen Gao (Ginseng Paste) and moxibustion below the navel can also result in survival. For stroke causing upward deviation of the eyes and blindness, moxa-burn 7 cones at the second and fifth thoracic vertebrae levels simultaneously, using cones the size of half a jujube pit. If the patient has straight hair, spits clear foam, shakes head upwards, face red as if painted, sweat like beads, or head/face dark/black, eyes closed, mouth open, panting, and incontinence, these are untreatable. In any stroke case, whether not yet recovered, already recovered, newly ill, or chronically ill, sudden expectoration of purple-red blood indicates death. *Chuan Xin Fang* (Prescriptions for Transmitting the Mind) states: To treat men and women with phlegm-tide surging to the Heart causing sudden collapse, immediately support them into a warm room, help them sit upright, and fumigate with hot charcoal soaked in good vinegar so that the vinegar vapor enters the mouth and nose. After a while, the phlegm-tide gathered in the Heart will naturally return to its place. Mild cases recover immediately; severe cases regain consciousness. Crucially, no soup or water must enter the throat. If ingested, the phlegm will bind permanently to the Heart collaterals and cannot be removed, resulting in permanent disability.
Wind pathogen invading the person often presents with deep and hidden pulses in all six positions, though sometimes the pulse follows the Qi rushing, feeling洪大 (excessive and vigorous) under the fingers. Floating and slow is auspicious; firm, large, and rapid is ominous. Floating and slow indicates Cold. Excessive and large indicates Summerheat; if not in summer season, it indicates Deficiency. Floating and choppy indicates Dampness. Floating and large indicates Wind. Floating and rapid without heat also indicates Wind. Fine and rapid, floating and tight, or deep and slow all indicate Qi-stroke (Qi Syncope). Wind affects the Ren Ying (Human Welcome) pulse position. Qi disorders affect the Qi Kou (Qi Gate) pulse position. Excessive and large indicates Fire. Slippery indicates Phlegm. Floating and slippery, deep and slippery, or fine and deficient all indicate Deficiency and Phlegm. One must further observe the seasonal climate and the patient's daily habits, combine with obvious symptoms, to determine the primary name of the disease and apply treatment.