（东垣曰∶夫滑脉关以上见者为大热，盖阳与阳并也，故大热。滑脉尺部见为大寒，生 疝。滑脉者，
命门包络之名也，为丙，丙丁热火并于下，盖丙丁不胜壬癸，从寒水之化也，故生 疝。）
交肠之病，大小便易位而出。或因醉饱，或因大怒，遂致脏气乖乱，不循常道。
法当宣吐以开提其气，使阑门清利，得司泌别之职则愈矣。宜五苓散、调气散各一钱，加阿胶末一钱，
汤调服。或研黄连阿胶丸为末，加木香少许，再以煎药送下。丹溪治马希圣年五十余，性嗜酒，常痛
饮不醉，糟粕出前窍，便溺出后窍，六脉皆沉涩。与四物汤加海金沙、木香、槟榔、木通、桃仁服而
愈。此人酒多气肆，酒升而不降，阳极虚；酒湿积久生热，煎熬血干，阴亦大虚。阴阳偏虚，皆可补
接。此人中年后阴阳俱虚时暂可活者，以其形实，酒中谷气尚在，三月后，其人必死，后果然。
《内经》肠鸣有五∶一曰脾虚。经云∶脾虚则腹满肠鸣，餐泄，食不化。取其经，太阴、阳明、
少阴血者是也。二曰中气不足。经云∶中气不足，肠为之苦鸣。补足外踝下，留之五分，申脉穴也。
三曰邪在大肠。经云∶肠中雷鸣，气上冲胸，邪在大肠。刺肓之原，巨虚、上廉、三里是也。四曰土
郁。经云∶土郁之发，肠鸣而为数后是也。五曰热胜。经云∶少阴在泉，热淫所胜，病腹中肠鸣，气
上冲胸，治以咸寒是
也。东垣云∶如胃寒泄泻肠鸣，于升阳除湿汤加益智仁五分，半夏五分，生姜、枣子和煎。丹溪云∶
腹中水鸣，乃火击动其水也。二陈汤加芩、连、栀子。腹中鸣者，病本于胃也。娄全善云∶肠鸣多属
脾胃虚。一男子肠鸣食少，脐下有块耕动，若得下气多乃已，已则复鸣。医用疏气药与服，半年不效。
予用参、术为君，甘草、连、芩、枳、干姜为臣，一帖肠鸣止，食进。又每服吞浓朴红豆丸，其气耕
亦平。经云∶脾胃虚则肠鸣腹满。又云∶中气不足，肠为之苦鸣，此之谓也。肺移寒于肾为涌水，涌
水者，按之腹不坚，水气客于大肠，疾行则鸣濯濯，如囊裹水浆之声也。河间葶苈丸主之。
（李东垣说：滑脉如果在关部以上出现，属于大热证，这是因为阳邪与阳邪相并所致，所以表现为大热。滑脉如果在尺部出现，属于大寒证，容易生疝气。所谓滑脉，是命门和心包络的代称，五行属丙火；若丙丁热火之气并入下部，由于丙丁火不胜任壬癸水，反而随寒水之气而转化，因此产生疝气。）
交肠这种病，是指大小便的位置互换而出。有时是因为醉酒饱食，有时是因为大怒，导致脏腑之气紊乱，不遵循正常的生理通道。治疗法则应当使用催吐法来升提气机，使阑门功能清利，恢复其分别清浊的职责，病就能痊愈。适宜服用五苓散、调气散各一钱，加入阿胶末一钱，用汤药调服。或者将黄连阿胶丸研成粉末，加入少许木香，再用煎好的药汤送服。朱丹溪治疗马希圣，年五十多岁，性格嗜酒，常常痛饮而不醉，结果糟粕从前阴排出，小便从后阴排出，六脉皆沉涩。给予四物汤加海金沙、木香、槟榔、木通、桃仁服用而痊愈。这个人饮酒过多，气机放肆，酒性升发而不能下降，导致阳极虚；酒湿积聚日久生热，煎熬血液干枯，阴分也极度虚弱。阴阳偏于虚弱，都可以进行补益接续。这个人在中年后阴阳俱虚的情况下暂时还能存活，是因为他形体壮实，酒中的谷气尚存，三个月后，此人必定死亡，后果然如此。
《内经》记载肠鸣有五种情况：一是脾虚。经文说：脾虚则腹部胀满、肠鸣、完谷不化的泄泻，饮食不消化。取太阴、阳明、少阴经的血分穴位进行治疗。二是中气不足。经文说：中气不足，肠道为之痛苦地鸣响。补外踝下方的穴位，留针五分，即申脉穴。三是邪气在大肠。经文说：肠中雷鸣般作响，气上冲胸部，这是邪气在大肠。刺肓之原穴，即巨虚上廉、巨虚下廉、足三里。四是土郁。经文说：土郁发作时，肠鸣并且频繁腹泻。五是热胜。经文说：少阴在泉，热气淫盛所致的疾病，表现为腹中肠鸣，气上冲胸，治疗用咸寒的药物。李东垣说：如果是胃寒引起的泄泻伴肠鸣，在升阳除湿汤中加入益智仁五分，半夏五分，生姜、大枣一起煎煮。朱丹溪说：腹中水声鸣响，是火气击动水液所致。用二陈汤加黄芩、黄连、栀子。腹中鸣响，病本在于胃。娄全善说：肠鸣多属于脾胃虚弱。有一个男子肠鸣且食量减少，脐下有块状物耕动，如果排气多就会停止，停止后又再次鸣响。医生用疏理气机的药物给他服用，半年无效。我用人参、白术作为君药，甘草、黄连、黄芩、枳实、干姜作为臣药，一剂药后肠鸣停止，食欲增进。每次服药时还吞服浓朴红豆丸，那种气机耕动的感觉也平息了。经文说：脾胃虚则肠鸣腹满。又说：中气不足，肠道为之痛苦地鸣响，说的就是这种情况。肺将寒气移传给肾称为涌水，涌水这种病，按压腹部不坚硬，水气客居在大肠，快速行走时发出濯濯的声音，像囊袋包裹着水浆的声音一样。河间氏的葶苈丸主治此病。
(Li Dongyuan stated: When the slippery pulse (Hua Mai, Slippery Pulse) is seen above the Guan position, it indicates severe heat, as yang pathogens combine with yang, thus causing severe heat. When the slippery pulse is seen at the Chi position, it indicates severe cold and predisposes to hernia (Shan). The term "slippery pulse" refers to the Mingmen (Gate of Life) and Pericardium (Bao Luo). It corresponds to Bing Fire; if Bing-Ding fire-heat qi merges into the lower jiao, since Bing-Ding cannot overcome Ren-Gui Water, it transforms according to the nature of cold water, thereby generating hernia.)
The disease of Jiao Chang (Crossed Intestines) involves the reversal of positions for urination and defecation. This may be caused by drunkenness or overeating, or by severe anger, leading to chaotic organ qi that fails to follow normal pathways. The treatment principle should employ emesis to raise and lift the qi, clearing and benefiting the Lanmen (Trend Gate), allowing it to resume its function of separating clear from turbid, resulting in recovery. It is suitable to administer Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Poria Pill) and Tiaoqi San (Regulate Qi Powder), one qian each, mixed with one qian of prepared Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin) powder, taken with decoction liquid. Alternatively, grind Huanglian Ejiao Wan (Coptis and Donkey-hide Gelatin Pill) into powder, add a small amount of Muxiang (Aucklandia Root), and swallow with decoction liquid. Zhu Danxi treated Ma Xisheng, who was over fifty years old and addicted to alcohol, often drinking heavily without getting drunk. Consequently, undigested food residue exited through the anterior orifice (urethra/genitals), while urine exited through the posterior orifice (anus). His six pulses were all deep and choppy. He was prescribed Siwu Tang (Four-Substance Decoction) added with Jinshasha (Gold Sand Flower), Muxiang, Binglang (Areca Seed), Mutong (Akebia Stem), and Taoren (Peach Kernel), which cured him. This individual consumed excessive alcohol, causing his qi to become unrestrained; the ascending nature of alcohol failed to descend, leading to extreme deficiency of Yang; accumulated dampness from alcohol generated heat over time, scorching the blood until it dried up, leading to extreme deficiency of Yin. Both Yin and Yang deficiencies can be supplemented and connected. Although this person survived temporarily after middle age despite dual deficiency of Yin and Yang, it was because his physique was robust and the grain qi from alcohol remained present. However, he would surely die within three months, which indeed came to pass.
The Neijing (Classic of Internal Medicine) describes five types of intestinal borborygmus (Chang Ming): First, Spleen Deficiency. The classic states: "Spleen deficiency leads to abdominal fullness, intestinal borborygmus, loose stools with undigested food, and failure to digest food." Treat by selecting blood points from the Taiyin, Yangming, and Shaoyin meridians. Second, Insufficiency of Middle Qi. The classic states: "Insufficiency of Middle Qi causes painful intestinal borborygmus." Tonify the point below the outer ankle, retain needle for five fen, which is Shenmai (BL62). Third, Pathogen in the Large Intestine. The classic states: "Borborygmus like thunder in the intestines, qi rushing upward to the chest, indicates pathogen in the Large Intestine." Needle the Yuan source of the Haogong (Sanjiao), specifically Juxu Shanglian (ST37), Juxu Xiaolian (ST39), and Zusanli (ST36). Fourth, Earth Stagnation. The classic states: "When Earth stagnation erupts, there is intestinal borborygmus followed by frequent diarrhea." Fifth, Excessive Heat. The classic states: "When Shaoyin governs the interior, excessive heat causes disease characterized by intestinal borborygmus in the abdomen and qi rushing upward to the chest; treat with salty-cold substances." Li Dongyuan stated: For diarrhea with intestinal borborygmus due to Stomach Cold, add Yizhiren (Alpinia Oxyphylla Fruit) 5 fen, Banxia (Pinellia Tuber) 5 fen, Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), and Dazao (Jujube) to Shengyang Chushi Tang (Raise Yang and Drain Dampness Decoction) for decoction. Zhu Danxi stated: Water sounds in the abdomen are caused by Fire agitating the Water. Use Erchen Tang (Two-Aged Decoction) added with Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), and Zhizi (Gardenia Fruit). Abdominal borborygmus originates fundamentally from the Stomach. Lou Quanshan stated: Intestinal borborygmus mostly belongs to Spleen and Stomach Deficiency. A male patient suffered from intestinal borborygmus and poor appetite, with a mass moving under the umbilicus like plowing; it ceased when flatus passed but recurred. Physicians administered Qi-regulating herbs for half a year with no effect. I used Renshen (Ginseng Root) and Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) as Sovereign herbs, Gancao (Licorice Root), Huanglian, Huangqin, Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange), and Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) as Minister herbs. After one dose, borborygmus stopped and appetite improved. Each dose was accompanied by swallowing Nongpo Hongdou Wan (Magnolia Bark and Red Bean Pill), which also平息ed the plowing sensation. The classic states: "Spleen and Stomach deficiency leads to intestinal borborygmus and abdominal fullness." It also states: "Insufficiency of Middle Qi causes painful intestinal borborygmus," which refers to this condition. Lung transmitting cold to the Kidney is called Yongshui (Surging Water). In Yongshui, palpation of the abdomen reveals hardness is absent; water qi resides in the Large Intestine, producing a gurgling sound like water in a bag when walking quickly. Hejian Shi's Tingli Wan (Descurainia Seed Pill) is indicated for this.