《内经》论积∶有寒气客于小肠募原之间，络血之中，血泣不得注于大经，血气
稽留成积，谓之瘕者。有小肠移热于大肠，为伏瘕，为沉者。有脾传肾为疝瘕者。
有任脉为病，女子瘕聚者。有厥阴司天，溏泄瘕水闭者。有二阳三阴脉并绝，浮为
血瘕。有肾脉小急，亦为瘕。有伏梁二∶其一谓少腹盛，上下左右皆有根，裹大脓
血居肠胃之外。其二谓气溢于大肠，而着于肓，肓之原在脐下，故环脐而痛。
《灵枢经》言积皆生于风雨寒暑，清湿喜怒。喜怒不节则伤脏，脏伤则病起于阴；阴
既虚矣，则风雨袭阴之虚，病起于上而生积；清湿袭阴之虚，病起于下而成积。虚邪
中人始于皮肤，皮肤缓则腠理开，开则邪从毛发入，入则抵深，深则毛发立，毛
发立则淅然，故皮肤痛。留而不去，传舍于络脉，则痛于肌肉，其痛之时息，大经
乃代。传舍于经，则洒淅善惊。传舍于输，则六经不通，四肢则肢节痛，腰脊乃强。
传舍于伏冲之脉，则体重身痛。传舍于肠胃，则贲响腹胀，多寒则肠鸣餐泄食不化，
多热则溏出麋。传舍于肠胃之外，募原之间，（巳上数端，皆邪气袭虚留而不去，以次相
传，未曾留着，无有定所。若留着而有定所，则不能传矣，下文是也。）留着于脉，稽留而
不去，息而成积，不一其处。或着孙络之脉者，往来移行肠胃之间，水凑渗注灌，濯濯有音，
有寒则 满
雷引，故时切痛。或着于阳明之经者，则挟脐而居，饱食则益大，饥则益小。或着
于缓筋者，似阳明之积，饱食则痛，饥则安。或着于肠胃之募原者，痛而外连于缓
筋，饱食则安，饥则痛。或着于伏冲之脉者，按之应手而动，发手则热气下于两股，
如汤沃之状。或着于膂筋，在肠后者，饥则积见，饱则积不见，按之不得。或着于
输之脉者，闭塞不通，津液不下，孔窍干壅，此邪气之从外入内，从上下也。（此谓风
雨袭阴之虚，病起于上而积生也。）积之始生，得寒乃生，厥乃成积也。厥气生足 ，足 生胫
寒，胫寒则血脉凝涩，血脉凝涩则寒气上入于肠胃，入于肠胃则 胀， 胀则肠外之汁
沫，迫聚不得散，日以成积。卒然多食饮则肠满，起居不节，用力过度，则络脉伤。
阳络伤则血外溢，血外溢则衄血。阴络伤则血内溢，血内溢则后血。肠胃之络伤，
则血溢于肠外，肠外有寒汁沫与血相搏，则并合凝聚不得散而积成矣。卒然外中于
寒，若内伤于忧怒，则气上逆，气上逆则六输不通，温气不行，凝血蕴裹而不
散，津液涩渗，着而不去，而积皆成矣。（此谓清湿袭阴之虚，病起于下而成积也。）《内
经》言积始末，明且尽矣。《难经》五积，不过就其中析五脏相传，分部位以立其名。《金匮
要略》以坚而不移者为脏病，名曰积。以推移而不定者为腑病，名曰聚。然而二者
原其立名之由，亦不过就其肓膜结聚之处，以经脉所过部分，属脏者为阴，阴主静，
静则牢坚而不移，属腑者为阳，阳则推荡而不定，以故名之耳。又有KT 气者，即饮食
之气渗注停积之名也。《巢氏病源》于积聚之外，复立 瘕之名，谓由寒温不调，饮
食不化，与脏气相搏结所生，其病不动者 也。虽有癖而可推移者瘕也。瘕者假也，
虚假可动也。张子和谓五积者，因受胜己之邪，而传于己之所胜，适当旺时，拒而
不受，复还于胜己者，胜己者不肯受，因留结为积，故肝之积得于季夏戊己日云云。
此皆抑郁不伸而受其邪也。岂待司天克运，然后为郁哉。故五积六聚，治同郁断，
如伏梁者火之郁，火郁则发之是也，复述九积丸。食积，酸心腹满，大黄、牵牛之
类，甚者礞石、巴豆。酒积，目黄口干，葛根、麦 之类，甚者甘遂、牵牛。气积，
噫气痞塞，木香、槟榔之类，甚者枳壳、牵牛。涎积，咽如拽锯，朱砂、腻粉之类，
甚者瓜蒂、甘遂。痰积，涕唾稠粘，半夏、南星之类，甚者瓜蒂、藜芦。癖积，两
胁刺痛，三棱、广术之类，甚者甘遂、蝎稍。水积，足胫胀满，郁李、商陆之类，
甚者甘遂、芫花。血积，打扑肭瘀、产后不月，桃仁、地榆之类，甚者虻虫、水蛭。
肉积， 瘤核 ，腻粉、白丁香，砭刺出血，甚者 砂、阿魏。每见子和辩世俗之
讹，必引《内经》为证。若此者，论病是从《难经》五积之名。论治立九积丸，是
从《病源》攻其所食之物。《内经》之义，则未有发明。然则用《内经》之义而治当何
如？曰《内经》分六淫六邪，喜怒饮食，起居房劳，各有定治之法。今既论积瘕由
内外邪所伤，岂不以诸邪之治法，尽当行于其间乎。邪自外入者，先治其外，邪自
内生者，先治其内。然而天人之气，一阴阳也。是故人气中外之邪，亦同天地之邪
也。从手经自上而下者，同司天法平之。从足经自下而上者，同在泉法治之。从五
脏气之相移者，同五运郁法治之。从肠胃食物所留者，则夺之消之，去菀陈
也。若气血因之滞者，则随其所在以疏通之。因身形之虚，而邪得以入客稽留者，
必先补其虚，而后泻其邪。大抵治是病必分国中末三法，初治其邪入客后积块之未
坚者，当如前所云，治其始感之邪与留结之，客者除之、散之、行之，虚者补之，
约方适其主所为治。及乎积块已坚，气郁已久，变而为热，热则生湿，湿热相生，
块日益大，便从中治，当祛湿热之邪，其块之坚者削之，咸以 之，比时因邪久凑，
正气尤虚，必以补泻迭相为用。若块消及半，便从末治，即住攻击之剂，因补益
其气，兼导达经脉，使荣卫流通，则块自消矣。凡攻病之药，皆是伤气损血。
故经曰∶大毒治病，十去其五，小毒治病，十去其七，不得过也。洁古云∶壮
人无积，虚人则有之，皆由脾胃怯弱，气血两衰，四时有感，皆能成积。若遽
以磨坚破结之药治之，疾似去而人已衰矣。干漆、 砂、三棱、牵牛、大黄之
类，得药则暂快，药过则依然，气愈消疾愈大，竟何益哉。故善治者，当先补
虚，使血气壮，积自消，如满座皆君子，则小人自无容地也。不问何脏，先调
其中，使能饮食，是其本也。东垣云∶许学士云，大抵治积，或以所恶者攻之，
所喜者诱之，则易愈。如 砂、阿魏治肉积，神曲、麦 治酒积，水蛭、虻虫
治血积，木香、槟榔治气积，牵牛、甘遂治水积，雄黄、腻粉治痰积，礞石、
巴豆治食积，各从其类也。若用群队之药分其势，则难取效。须要认得分明，是何
积聚，兼见何证，然后增加佐使之药，不尔反有所损，要在临时通变也。治积当察
其所痛，以知其病有余不足，可补可泻，无逆天时。详脏腑之高下，如寒者热之，
结者散之，客者除之，留者行之，坚者削之，强者夺之，咸以 之，苦以泻之，全真
气药补之，随其所积而行之。节饮食，慎起居，和其中外，可使必已。不然，遽以
大毒之剂攻之，积不能除，反伤正气，终难复也，可不慎欤。肝之积，名曰肥气，
在左胁下，如覆杯，有头足，久不愈，令人呕逆，或两胁痛，牵引小腹，足寒转筋，
久则如疟，宜大七气汤煎熟待冷，却以铁器烧通红，以药淋之，乘热服，兼吞肥气
丸。肺之积，名曰息贲，在右胁下，大如覆杯，气逆背痛，或少气喜忘目瞑，肤寒
皮中时痛，如虱缘针刺，久则咳喘，宜大七气汤加桑白皮、半夏、杏仁各半钱，兼
吞息奔丸。心之积，名曰伏梁，起脐上，大如臂，上至心下，久不愈，令人病烦心
腹热咽干，甚则吐血，宜大七气汤加石菖蒲、半夏各半钱，兼吞伏梁丸。脾之积，
名曰痞气，在胃脘，大如覆杯，痞塞不通，背痛心疼，饥减饱见；腹满吐泄，久则
四肢不收，发黄胆，饮食不为肌肤，足肿肉消，宜大七气汤下红丸子，兼吞痞气丸。
肾之积，名曰贲豚，发于少腹，上至心，若豚状，或下或上无时，饥见饱减，小腹
急，腰痛，口干目昏，骨冷，久不已，令人喘逆，骨痿少气，宜大七气汤倍桂加茴
香、炒练子肉各半钱，兼吞奔豚丸。杂积通治，万病紫菀丸，《局方》温白丸、浓朴
丸。热积，寒取之，《千金》硝石丸、醋煮三棱丸、神功助化散、圣散子。寒积，热
取之，鸡爪三棱丸、 砂煎丸、红丸子。胃弱少食，勿与攻下，二贤散常服，块亦
自消。惊风成块者，妙应丸加穿山甲炒、鳖甲烧各三钱，玄胡索、蓬术各四钱，每
五十丸加至七十丸，以利为度。胁痛有块，龙荟丸加姜黄、桃仁各半两，蜜丸。龙
荟丸加白鸽粪，大能消食积，或入保和丸。肉积，阿魏丸。有正当积聚处，内热如
火，渐渐遍及四肢，一日数发，如此二三日又愈，此不当攻其热。又有元得热病，
热留结不散，遂成 癖，此却当用去热之剂。有病 瘕腹胀，纯用三棱、莪术以酒
煨服，下一物如黑鱼状而愈，或加入香附子用水煎，多服取效。又有病此者，用姜
苏汤吞六味丸。六味者，乃小七香丸、红丸子、小安肾丸、连翘丸、三棱煎、理中
丸，六件等也。有饮癖结成块，在胁腹之间，病类积聚，用破块药多不效，此当行
其饮。宜导痰汤、五饮汤。何以知为饮，其人先曾病，瘥，口吐涎沫清水，或素来
多痰者是也。又多饮人结成酒癖，肚腹积块，胀急疼痛，或全身肿满，肌黄少食，
宜十味大七气汤，用红酒煎服。腹中似若瘕癖，随气上下，未有定处，宜散聚汤。
若气作痛，游走心腹间，攻刺上下，隐若雷鸣，或已成积，或未成积，沉香降气散。
（戴用全蝎一个劈破煎汤，调苏合香丸。）以上磨积之药，必用补气血药相兼服之，积消及半即止。
若纯用之致死，乃医杀之也。贴块，三圣膏，琥珀膏，大黄、朴硝各等分为末，大
蒜捣膏和匀贴。熨症方，吴茱萸碎之，以酒和煮，热布裹熨症上，冷更炒，更番用
之，症移走、逐熨之，候消乃止。
【妇人血块】加减四物汤、当归丸、牡丹散。
【息积】乃气息痞滞于胁下，不在脏腑荣卫之间，积久形成，气不干胃，故不妨
食，病者胁下满，气逆息难，频岁不已。化气汤。
【倒仓法】用肥嫩黄牡牛肉二十斤，（必得三十斤方可，宁使多，勿使不及。）切成小块，
去筋膜，长流水煮糜烂，以布滤去滓，取净汁再入锅中，慢火熬至琥珀色则成矣。令病患预
先断欲食淡，前一日不食晚饭，设密室，令明快而不通风，置秽桶及瓦盆，贮吐下
之物，置一瓷盆，盛所出之溺。至日病者入室，以汁饮一钟，少时又饮一钟，积数
十钟，寒月则重汤温而饮之，任其吐利，病在上者欲其吐多，病在下者欲其利多，
上中下俱有者，欲其吐利俱多，全在活法而为之缓急多寡也。（连进之急则逆上而吐多，缓则
顺下而利多矣。）视其所出之物，必尽病根乃止。吐利后必渴，不得与汤，以所出之溺饮
之，名轮回酒，非惟可以止渴，抑且可以浣濯余垢。行后倦睡觉饥，先与稠米汤饮，
次与淡稀粥，三日后方与少菜羹，次与浓粥软饭调养半月或一月，觉精神焕发，
形体轻健，沉 悉安矣。其后忌牛肉数（一作五年）。夫牛、坤土也，黄土之色也，以顺
为性，而效法乎干，以为功者，牡之用也。肉者、胃之乐也，熟而为液，无形之物
也，横散入肉络，由肠胃而渗透肌肤皮毛爪甲，无不入也。积聚久而形质成，根据附
肠胃回薄曲折处，以为栖泊之窠臼，阻碍津液气血，熏蒸燔灼成病，自非刮肠剖骨
之神妙，可以铢两丸散，窥犯其藩墙户牖乎。肉液之散溢，肠胃受之，其浓皆倍于
前，有似乎肿，其回薄曲折处，肉液充满流行，有如洪水泛涨，浮槎陈朽，皆推逐
荡漾，顺流而下，不可停留，表者因吐而汗，清道者自吐而涌，浊道者自泄而去，
凡属滞碍，一洗而空。牛肉全重浓和顺之性，盎然涣然，润泽枯槁，补益虚损，宁
无精神焕发之乐乎。
【霞天膏】即倒仓法。有人指授韩懋天爵投煎剂治痰，而遂推展之。黄牯牛一
具，选纯黄肥泽无病才一二岁者，上洗净，取四腿项脊，去筋膜，将精肉切作块子
如栗大，秤三十斤，或四五十斤，于静室以大铜锅或新铁锅，加长流水煮之，不时
搅动。另以一新锅煮沸汤旋加，常使水淹肉五六寸，掠去浮沫，直煮至肉烂如泥，
漉去渣，却将肉汁以细布漉入小铜锅，用一色桑柴，文武火候，不住手搅，不加熟水，
只以汁渐如稀饧，滴水不散，色如琥珀，其膏成矣。（此节火候，最要小心，不然坏矣。）大段每
肉十二斤，可炼膏一斤，瓷器盛之。用调煎剂，初少渐多，沸热自然溶化。用和丸剂，
则每三分搀白面一分，同煮为糊，或同炼蜜。寒天久收若生霉，用重汤煮过，热天
冷水窨之，可留三日。
【诊】细而附骨为积，寸口见之积在胸中，微出寸口，积在喉中，关上积在脐
傍，上关下积在心下，微下关积在少腹，尺中积在气街，脉出在右积在右，脉出在
左积在左，脉左右两出，积在中央。沉而有力为积。脉浮而毛，按之辟易，胁下气
《黄帝内经》论述积聚：有寒气侵入小肠募原之间、络脉之中，血液凝涩不能注入大经脉，气血停滞而形成积聚，称为瘕。有小肠的热邪移注于大肠，形成伏瘕、沉瘕。有脾脏的病邪传变至肾脏，形成疝瘕。有任脉发生病变，女子出现瘕聚。有厥阴司天之时，出现溏泄、瘕块、水闭等症。有二阳（胃与大肠）和三阴（太阴、少阴、厥阴）的脉搏同时断绝，浮脉主血瘕。有肾脉小且急，也主瘕证。关于伏梁有两种情况：其一指小腹胀满坚硬，上下左右都有根蒂，包裹着大量的脓血，位于肠胃之外。其二指气溢于大肠，并附着于肓膜，肓的原气在脐下，所以环绕脐部疼痛。
《灵枢经》说，积聚都产生于风雨寒暑、清湿以及喜怒情绪的影响。喜怒不节制就会损伤内脏，内脏受伤则病起于阴分；阴分既然虚弱，那么风雨就会侵袭阴分的虚处，病起于上部而生积聚；清湿侵袭阴分的虚处，病起于下部而成积聚。虚邪伤人始于皮肤，皮肤松弛则腠理开泄，开泄则邪气从毛发进入，进入后则深入，深入则毫毛竖立，毫毛竖立则感到寒冷战栗，所以皮肤疼痛。邪气停留不去，传舍于络脉，则在肌肉中疼痛，疼痛时作时止，随后大经脉受累。传舍于经脉，则洒淅恶寒、易惊。传舍于输穴，则六经不通，四肢关节疼痛，腰脊僵硬。传舍于伏冲之脉，则身体沉重、全身疼痛。传舍于肠胃，则腹中奔响、腹胀，多寒则肠鸣、完谷不化的泄泻，多热则排出稀烂如糜的大便。传舍于肠胃之外、募原之间，（以上几种情况，都是邪气侵袭虚处而停留不去，依次相传，未曾固定在某处，没有固定的位置。如果固定在某处而有定所，就不能再传变了，下文即是这种情况。）邪气留着于脉，停滞不去，逐渐形成积聚，部位不一。有的附着于孙络，往来移行于肠胃之间，水液凑渗灌注，发出濯濯的声音，有寒则腹部胀满如雷鸣牵引，所以时常剧烈疼痛。有的附着于阳明经，则挟脐而居，饱食后肿块增大，饥饿时肿块缩小。有的附着于缓筋，类似阳明经的积聚，饱食后疼痛，饥饿时安宁。有的附着于肠胃的募原，疼痛并向外牵连缓筋，饱食时安宁，饥饿时疼痛。有的附着于伏冲之脉，按压时感觉应手而动，松手后热气下行至两大腿，像热水浇灌一样的感觉。有的附着于膂筋，在肠后的，饥饿时积聚显现，饱食时积聚隐没，按压不到。有的附着于输之脉，闭塞不通，津液不下，孔窍干燥壅塞，这是邪气从外入内、从上而下的表现。（这指的是风雨侵袭阴分的虚处，病起于上部而生成积聚。）积聚的开始生成，得寒邪才产生，厥逆之气才形成积聚。厥逆之气生于足部，足部生胫寒，胫寒则血脉凝涩，血脉凝涩则寒气上入于肠胃，进入肠胃则胀满，胀满则肠外的汁沫，被逼迫聚集而不能消散，一天天形成积聚。突然暴饮暴食则肠满，起居不节制，用力过度，则络脉受伤。阳络受伤则血外溢，血外溢则鼻衄。阴络受伤则血内溢，血内溢则便血。肠胃的络脉受伤，则血溢于肠外，肠外有寒和汁沫与血相搏结，则合并凝聚不得散而成为积聚。突然外感寒邪，若内伤于忧怒，则气上逆，气上逆则六输不通，温气不行，凝血蕴裹而不散，津液涩滞，附着不去，而积聚就形成了。（这指的是清湿侵袭阴分的虚处，病起于下部而成积聚。）《内经》关于积聚始末的论述，明白且详尽了。《难经》的五积，不过是据此分析五脏相传，区分部位来确立名称。《金匮要略》认为坚硬不移的是脏病，名叫积；推移不定的是腑病，名叫聚。然而二者探究其立名的缘由，也不过是根据它们结聚在肓膜之处，以经脉所经过的部分，属于脏的为阴，阴主静，静则牢坚而不移；属于腑的为阳，阳主动荡而不定，因此得名。又有“痞气”，即饮食之气渗注停积的名称。《诸病源候论》在积聚之外，又立“瘕”的名称，说是由于寒温不调，饮食不化，与脏气相搏结所生，其病不动者叫癖。虽然有癖但可推移的叫瘕。瘕就是假的意思，虚假可动。张子和说五积，是因为受了胜己之邪，而传于己之所胜，正当旺时，拒而不受，复还于胜己者，胜己者不肯受，因留结为积，所以肝之积得于季夏戊己日等等。这些都是抑郁不伸而受其邪。难道一定要等到司天克运，然后才为郁吗？所以五积六聚，治疗同于治郁断法，如伏梁是火之郁，火郁则发之，是这样。又叙述九积丸。食积，酸心腹满，用大黄、牵牛之类，严重的用礞石、巴豆。酒积，目黄口干，用葛根、麦芽之类，严重的用甘遂、牵牛。气积，噫气痞塞，用木香、槟榔之类，严重的用枳壳、牵牛。涎积，咽如拽锯，用朱砂、腻粉之类，严重的用瓜蒂、甘遂。痰积，涕唾稠粘，用半夏、南星之类，严重的用瓜蒂、藜芦。癖积，两胁刺痛，用三棱、莪术之类，严重的用甘遂、蝎稍。水积，足胫胀满，用郁李仁、商陆之类，严重的用甘遂、芫花。血积，打扑瘀血、产后经闭，用桃仁、地榆之类，严重的用虻虫、水蛭。肉积，瘤核，用腻粉、白丁香，砭刺出血，严重的用硇砂、阿魏。每每见到张子和辨析世俗的错误，必引《内经》作为证据。像这样，论病是从《难经》五积之名。论治立九积丸，是从《病源》攻其所食之物。《内经》的意义，则未有阐明。那么用《内经》的意义来治疗应当如何呢？回答说：《内经》分六淫六邪，喜怒饮食，起居房劳，各有确定的治疗方法。现在既然论述积瘕由内外邪所伤，难道不是各种邪气的治法，都应当施行在其中吗？邪自外入的，先治其外；邪自内生的，先治其内。然而天地人的气，都是一个阴阳。所以人气中的内外之邪，也同于天地之邪。从手经自上而下的，同于司天法平之。从足经自下而上的，同于在泉法治之。从五脏气之相移的，同于五运郁法治之。从肠胃食物所留的，则夺之消之，去菀陈莝。若气血因此滞涩的，则随其所在以疏通之。因身形之虚，而邪得以入客稽留的，必先补其虚，而后泻其邪。大抵治疗此病必分初、中、末三法，初治其邪入客后积块之未坚者，应当如前所说，治其始感之邪与留结之客，客者除之、散之、行之，虚者补之，约方适其主所为治。及至积块已坚，气郁已久，变而为热，热则生湿，湿热相生，块日益大，便从中治，当祛湿热之邪，其块之坚者削之，咸以软之，此时因邪久凑，正气尤虚，必以补泻迭相为用。若块消及半，便从末治，即停止攻击之剂，因补益其气，兼导达经脉，使营卫流通，则块自消矣。凡攻病之药，皆是伤气损血。所以经上说：大毒治病，十去其五，小毒治病，十去其七，不得超过。洁古说：壮人无积，虚人则有之，皆由脾胃怯弱，气血两衰，四时有感，皆能成积。若遽然用磨坚破结的药治疗，病似乎去了而人已衰弱了。干漆、硇砂、三棱、牵牛、大黄之类，得药则暂时痛快，药过则依然如故，气愈消疾愈大，究竟有什么益处呢？所以善于治疗的，应当先补虚，使血气壮，积自消，如满座皆君子，则小人自无容地也。不问何脏，先调其中，使能饮食，是其本也。东垣说：许学士说，大抵治积，或以所恶者攻之，所喜者诱之，则易愈。如硇砂、阿魏治肉积，神曲、麦芽治酒积，水蛭、虻虫治血积，木香、槟榔治气积，牵牛、甘遂治水积，雄黄、腻粉治痰积，礞石、巴豆治食积，各从其类也。若用群队之药分其势，则难取效。须要认得分明，是何积聚，兼见何证，然后增加佐使之药，不然反有所损，要在临时通变也。治积当察其所痛，以知其病有余不足，可补可泻，无逆天时。详脏腑之高下，如寒者热之，结者散之，客者除之，留者行之，坚者削之，强者夺之，咸以软之，苦以泻之，全真气药补之，随其所积而行之。节饮食，慎起居，和其中外，可使必已。不然，遽然大毒之剂攻之，积不能除，反伤正气，终难复也，可不慎欤。肝之积，名曰肥气，在左胁下，如覆杯，有头足，久不愈，令人呕逆，或两胁痛，牵引小腹，足寒转筋，久则如疟，宜大七气汤煎熟待冷，却以铁器烧通红，以药淋之，乘热服，兼吞肥气丸。肺之积，名曰息贲，在右胁下，大如覆杯，气逆背痛，或少气喜忘目瞑，肤寒皮中时痛，如虱缘针刺，久则咳喘，宜大七气汤加桑白皮、半夏、杏仁各半钱，兼吞息贲丸。心之积，名曰伏梁，起脐上，大如臂，上至心下，久不愈，令人病烦心腹热咽干，甚则吐血，宜大七气汤加石菖蒲、半夏各半钱，兼吞伏梁丸。脾之积，名曰痞气，在胃脘，大如覆杯，痞塞不通，背痛心疼，饥减饱见；腹满吐泄，久则四肢不收，发黄胆，饮食不为肌肤，足肿肉消，宜大七气汤下红丸子，兼吞痞气丸。肾之积，名曰贲豚，发于少腹，上至心，若豚状，或下或上无时，饥见饱减，小腹急，腰痛，口干目昏，骨冷，久不已，令人喘逆，骨痿少气，宜大七气汤倍桂加茴香、炒菟丝子肉各半钱，兼吞奔豚丸。杂积通治，万病紫菀丸，《局方》温白丸、浓朴丸。热积，寒取之，《千金》硝石丸、醋煮三棱丸、神功助化散、圣散子。寒积，热取之，鸡爪三棱丸、硇砂煎丸、红丸子。胃弱少食，勿与攻下，二贤散常服，块亦自消。惊风成块者，妙应丸加穿山甲炒、鳖甲烧各三钱，玄胡索、蓬术各四钱，每五十丸加至七十丸，以利为度。胁痛有块，龙荟丸加姜黄、桃仁各半两，蜜丸。龙荟丸加白鸽粪，大能消食积，或入保和丸。肉积，阿魏丸。有正当积聚处，内热如火，渐渐遍及四肢，一日数发，如此二三日又愈，此不当攻其热。又有元得热病，热留结不散，遂成癖，此却当用去热之剂。有病瘕腹胀，纯用三棱、莪术以酒煨服，下一物如黑鱼状而愈，或加入香附子用水煎，多服取效。又有病此者，用姜苏汤吞六味丸。六味者，乃小七香丸、红丸子、小安肾丸、连翘丸、三棱煎、理中丸，六件等也。有饮癖结成块，在胁腹之间，病类积聚，用破块药多不效，此当行其饮。宜导痰汤、五饮汤。何以知为饮，其人先曾病，瘥，口吐涎沫清水，或素来多痰者是也。又多饮人结成酒癖，肚腹积块，胀急疼痛，或全身肿满，肌黄少食，宜十味大七气汤，用红酒煎服。腹中似若瘕癖，随气上下，未有定处，宜散聚汤。若气作痛，游走心腹间，攻刺上下，隐若雷鸣，或已成积，或未成积，沉香降气散。（戴用全蝎一个劈破煎汤，调苏合香丸。）以上磨积之药，必用补气血药相兼服之，积消及半即止。若纯用之致死，乃医杀之也。贴块，三圣膏，琥珀膏，大黄、朴硝各等分为末，大蒜捣膏和匀贴。熨症方，吴茱萸碎之，以酒和煮，热布裹熨症上，冷更炒，更番用之，症移走、逐熨之，候消乃止。
【妇人血块】加减四物汤、当归丸、牡丹散。
【息积】乃气息痞滞于胁下，不在脏腑荣卫之间，积久形成，气不干胃，故不妨食，病者胁下满，气逆息难，频岁不已。化气汤。
【倒仓法】用肥嫩黄牡牛肉二十斤，（必得三十斤方可，宁使多，勿使不及。）切成小块，去筋膜，长流水煮糜烂，以布滤去滓，取净汁再入锅中，慢火熬至琥珀色则成矣。令病患预先断欲食淡，前一日不食晚饭，设密室，令明快而不通风，置秽桶及瓦盆，贮吐下之物，置一瓷盆，盛所出之溺。至日病者入室，以汁饮一钟，少时又饮一钟，积数十钟，寒月则重汤温而饮之，任其吐利，病在上者欲其吐多，病在下者欲其利多，上中下俱有者，欲其吐利俱多，全在活法而为之缓急多寡也。（连进之急则逆上而吐多，缓则顺下而利多矣。）视其所出之物，必尽病根乃止。吐利后必渴，不得与汤，以所出之溺饮之，名轮回酒，非惟可以止渴，抑且可以浣濯余垢。行后倦睡觉饥，先与稠米汤饮，次与淡稀粥，三日后方与少菜羹，次与浓粥软饭调养半月或一月，觉精神焕发，形体轻健，沉疴悉安矣。其后忌牛肉数年（一作五年）。夫牛、坤土也，黄土之色也，以顺为性，而效法乎干，以为功者，牡之用也。肉者、胃之乐也，熟而为液，无形之物也，横散入肉络，由肠胃而渗透肌肤皮毛爪甲，无不入也。积聚久而形质成，根据附肠胃回薄曲折处，以为栖泊之窠臼，阻碍津液气血，熏蒸燔灼成病，自非刮肠剖骨之神妙，可以铢两丸散，窥犯其藩墙户牖乎。肉液之散溢，肠胃受之，其浓皆倍于前，有似乎肿，其回薄曲折处，肉液充满流行，有如洪水泛涨，浮槎陈朽，皆推逐荡漾，顺流而下，不可停留，表者因吐而汗，清道者自吐而涌，浊道者自泄而去，凡属滞碍，一洗而空。牛肉全重浓和顺之性，盎然涣然，润泽枯槁，补益虚损，宁无精神焕发之乐乎。
【霞天膏】即倒仓法。有人指授韩懋天爵投煎剂治痰，而遂推展之。黄牯牛一具，选纯黄肥泽无病才一二岁者，上洗净，取四腿项脊，去筋膜，将精肉切作块子如栗大，秤三十斤，或四五十斤，于静室以大铜锅或新铁锅，加长流水煮之，不时搅动。另以一新锅煮沸汤旋加，常使水淹肉五六寸，掠去浮沫，直煮至肉烂如泥，漉去渣，却将肉汁以细布漉入小铜锅，用一色桑柴，文武火候，不住手搅，不加熟水，只以汁渐如稀饧，滴水不散，色如琥珀，其膏成矣。（此节火候，最要小心，不然坏矣。）大段每肉十二斤，可炼膏一斤，瓷器盛之。用调煎剂，初少渐多，沸热自然溶化。用和丸剂，则每三分搀白面一分，同煮为糊，或同炼蜜。寒天久收若生霉，用重汤煮过，热天冷水窨之，可留三日。
【诊】细而附骨为积，寸口见之积在胸中，微出寸口，积在喉中，关上积在脐傍，上关下积在心下，微下关积在少腹，尺中积在气街，脉出在右积在右，脉出在左积在左，脉左右两出，积在中央。沉而有力为积。脉浮而毛，按之辟易，胁下气...
The *Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic) discusses accumulation (*Ji*): There is cold pathogen invading the between-the-intestines membrane (*Mu Yuan*) and collateral vessels of the small intestine, where blood coagulates and cannot flow into the large meridians; qi and blood stagnate to form an accumulation, called *Jia* (mass). There is heat transferring from the small intestine to the large intestine, forming latent *Jia* or deep *Jia*. There is transmission of disease from the Spleen to the Kidney forming hernia *Jia*. There is disease of the Ren Mai (Conception Vessel), resulting in *Jia* masses in women. There is Jueyin ruling the year, presenting with loose stools, *Jia* masses, and water retention/obstruction. There is simultaneous interruption of the Er Yang (Yang Ming Stomach and Large Intestine) and San Yin (Tai Yin Spleen, Shao Yin Kidney, Juexin Pericardium/Liver) pulses; a floating pulse indicates blood *Jia*. A small and urgent Kidney pulse also indicates *Jia*. Regarding *Fu Liang* (Hidden Beam), there are two types: one refers to fullness and hardness in the lower abdomen, with roots above, below, left, and right, containing large amounts of pus and blood located outside the intestines and stomach. The second refers to qi overflowing into the large intestine and adhering to the *Huang* (bladder/membrane); the source of *Huang* is below the navel, hence pain around the navel.
The *Lingshu Jing* (Spiritual Pivot) states that accumulations arise from wind, rain, cold, summer heat, clear dampness, and excessive joy or anger. Unregulated joy and anger damage the zang organs; damage to zang organs causes disease to originate in the yin aspect. Once the yin is deficient, wind and rain invade this deficiency, causing disease to originate in the upper part and generate accumulation; clear dampness invades this deficiency, causing disease to originate in the lower part and form accumulation. Deficient pathogens attack humans starting at the skin. When the skin is lax, the cou li (pores) open; when open, pathogens enter via hair follicles. Upon entry, they reach depth; upon reaching depth, fine hairs stand erect. Erect hairs cause shivering, thus skin pain. If pathogens remain and do not depart, they transmit to the collateral vessels, causing pain in the muscles, which comes and goes, then affecting the large meridians. Transmitting to the meridians causes chills and fright. Transmitting to the transport points causes blockage of the six meridians, pain in the limbs and joints, and stiffness of the waist and spine. Transmitting to the Fu Chong vessels causes heaviness and body pain. Transmitting to the intestines and stomach causes rumbling and abdominal distension; with excess cold, there is borborygmus and undigested diarrhea; with excess heat, there is loose, mushy stool. Transmitting outside the intestines and stomach, between the *Mu Yuan*, (the above cases all involve pathogens attacking deficiency and remaining without fixed location, transmitting sequentially. If fixed with a definite location, transmission ceases, as described below.) Pathogens adhere to the vessels, stagnating and forming accumulations in various locations. Some adhere to the Sun Luo (branch collaterals), moving back and forth between the intestines and stomach; fluid gathers and permeates, making a gurgling sound. With cold, there is fullness and thunderous pulling pain, causing sharp pain. Some adhere to the Yang Ming meridian, residing alongside the navel; after eating, the mass enlarges; when hungry, it shrinks. Some adhere to the Huan Jin (slack tendons), similar to Yang Ming accumulation; painful after eating, comfortable when hungry. Some adhere to the *Mu Yuan* of the intestines and stomach; pain radiates outward to the Huan Jin; comfortable after eating, painful when hungry. Some adhere to the Fu Chong vessels; pressing elicits movement under the hand, and upon releasing, hot qi descends to both thighs, feeling like pouring hot water. Some adhere to the Lv Jin (back tendons), behind the intestines; visible when hungry, invisible when full, unpalpable. Some adhere to the Transport vessels, causing blockage, inability of fluids to descend, dryness and congestion of orifices. This is pathogens entering internally from externally, from top to bottom. (This refers to wind and rain invading yin deficiency, disease originating in the upper part generating accumulation.) Accumulation begins with cold; jue qi (rebellious qi) forms accumulation. Jue qi originates in the feet, causing cold in the calves; calf cold leads to coagulated and sluggish blood vessels; sluggish blood vessels allow cold qi to ascend into the intestines and stomach; entering the intestines and stomach causes distension; distension forces juices and foam outside the intestines to gather and not disperse, gradually forming accumulation. Sudden overeating fills the intestines; irregular living habits and excessive effort damage collateral vessels. Damage to yang collaterals causes external bleeding (epistaxis); damage to yin collaterals causes internal bleeding (hematochezia/hematemesis). Damage to intestinal/stomach collaterals causes blood to overflow outside the intestines; if cold and juices exist outside, they contend with blood, coagulate, and form accumulation. Sudden external cold or internal injury from sorrow/anger causes qi to rebel upward; upward rebellion blocks the six transport points, preventing warm qi from circulating; coagulated blood remains enclosed and undispersed, fluids become viscous and stagnant, adhering and not departing, forming accumulation. (This refers to clear dampness invading yin deficiency, disease originating in the lower part forming accumulation.) The *Neijing*’s explanation of accumulation’s origin and end is clear and complete. The *Nanjing*’s Five Accumulations merely analyze the transmission among five zang organs and name them by location. The *Jingui Yaolue* defines hard, immobile masses as zang diseases named *Ji*; movable, shifting masses as fu diseases named *Ju*. However, their naming logic relies on the location of adhesion in the membranes; zang-associated areas are yin (static, firm, immobile); fu-associated areas are yang (dynamic, shifting). Thus the names. There is also "Pi Qi" (stagnant qi), referring to the stagnation of food/drink qi. The *Chushi Bingyuan* (Source of Diseases and Symptoms) adds the term "Xia" outside of Ji/Ju, stating it arises from mismatched cold/warmth, indigestion, and contention with zang qi. Immobile masses are Pi; movable masses are Xia. Xia means false/provisional, implying mobility. Zhang Hezi stated the Five Accumulations occur when one receives a pathogen that overcomes oneself, transmits to what one overcomes, but during its peak time, it is rejected and returns to the overcoming pathogen, which refuses it, leading to stagnation and accumulation. For example, Liver accumulation occurs on Wu/Ji days of late summer. These are all due to depression and receiving pathogens. Must one wait for Si Tian (Heavenly Stem) overcoming Yun (Qi) to be considered depression? Therefore, treatment of Five Accumulations and Six Ju is same as treating depression. For instance, Fu Liang is Fire depression; fire depression requires venting. Nine Accumulation Pills are described: Food accumulation, sour heart/abdominal fullness, use Da Huang (Rhubarb), Qian Niu (Pharbitis Seed); severe cases use Meng Shi (Magnetite), Ba Dou (Croton Seed). Wine accumulation, yellow eyes/dry mouth, use Ge Gen (Kudzu Root), Mai Ya (Barley Sprout); severe cases use Gan Sui (Euphorbia Lathyris), Qian Niu. Qi accumulation, belching/blockage, use Mu Xiang (Aucklandia), Bing Lang (Areca Nut); severe cases use Zhi Ke (Bitter Orange), Qian Niu. Saliva accumulation, throat sensation like sawing, use Zhu Sha (Cinnabar), Ni Fen (Calomel); severe cases use Gua Di (Melon Seed), Gan Sui. Phlegm accumulation, thick sticky sputum, use Ban Xia (Pinellia), Nan Xing (Arisaema); severe cases use Gua Di, Li Lu (Veratrum). Bi accumulation, stabbing pain in hypochondrium, use San Leng (Burreed Tuber), E Zhu (Curcuma Rhizome); severe cases use Gan Sui, Scorpion tail. Water accumulation, swollen legs/shins, use Yu Li Ren (Bush Cherry Seed), Shang Lu (Phytolacca Root); severe cases use Gan Sui, Yuan Hua (Genkwa Flower). Blood accumulation, trauma bruising/postpartum amenorrhea, use Tao Ren (Peach Kernel), Di Yu (Sanguisorba Root); severe cases use Meng Chong (Leech), Shui Zhi (Earthworm). Meat accumulation, nodules, use Ni Fen, Bai Ding Xiang (White Starling Dropping); scarification bleeding; severe cases use Niao Sha (Sal Ammoniac), A Wei (Asafetida). Zhang Hezi often cited *Neijing* to refute errors. Here, pathology discussion follows *Nanjing*’s Five Accumulations; treatment uses Nine Pills following *Bingyuan*’s approach of attacking ingested substances. *Neijing* principles are not fully elucidated. How to treat using *Neijing* principles? *Neijing* distinguishes six exuberant pathogens, emotions, diet, lifestyle, each with specific treatments. Since accumulation/Xia results from internal/external pathogens, shouldn't all pathogen treatments apply? External pathogens: treat exterior first. Internal pathogens: treat interior first. Heaven and human qi are one yin-yang. Thus, human pathogens mirror heaven/earth pathogens. Hand meridians descending: treat like Si Tian method. Foot meridians ascending: treat like Zai Quan method. Transmission among five zang qi: treat like Wu Yun depression method. Food retention in intestines/stomach: purge and resolve, remove stasis. Qi/blood stagnation: dredge according to location. Deficiency allowing pathogen stagnation: tonify deficiency first, then drain pathogen. Generally, treat in three stages: Initial stage (pathogen entered, mass not hard): treat initial pathogen and stagnation; expel, scatter, move pathogen; tonify deficiency. Middle stage (mass hard, qi depressed long, transformed to heat, heat generates dampness, mass grows): treat middle; dispel damp-heat; soften/harden mass; since pathogens linger and righteous qi is weak, alternate tonification and drainage. Late stage (mass reduced by half): stop aggressive agents; tonify qi; guide meridians; circulate Ying and Wei; mass dissipates. All attacking drugs damage qi and blood. Scripture says: Great toxicity removes 50% of disease; mild toxicity removes 70%; do not exceed. Jiegu said: Robust people have no accumulation; deficient people do, due to weak spleen/stomach, dual deficiency of qi/blood, seasonal infections causing accumulation. Using harsh breaking drugs makes disease seem gone but person weakens. Dry lacquer, Niao Sha, San Leng, Qian Niu, Da Huang provide temporary relief but return worse, depleting qi further. Good doctors tonify first to strengthen qi/blood so accumulation dissolves naturally (like gentlemen filling a room excludes villains). Regardless of zang, regulate the center (spleen/stomach) to enable eating; this is fundamental. Dongyuan quoted Xu Xueshi: Treat accumulation by attacking disliked aspects or enticing liked aspects for easier cure. E.g., Niao Sha/A Wei for meat accumulation; Shen Qu/Mai Ya for wine accumulation; Leech/Leech for blood accumulation; Mu Xiang/Bing Lang for qi accumulation; Qian Niu/Gan Sui for water accumulation; Xiong Huang/Ni Fen for phlegm accumulation; Meng Shi/Ba Dou for food accumulation; follow their nature. Using mixed drugs dilutes effect. Identify accumulation type and accompanying symptoms before adding assistants. Otherwise, harm ensues; adapt flexibly. Examine pain to determine excess/deficiency, tonify/draining accordingly, respecting seasons. Consider zang/fu location: cold with heat, knot with scatter, guest with remove, stay with move, hard with soften, strong with purge, salty with soften, bitter with drain, tonify with true qi herbs, follow accumulation. Regulate diet/lifestyle, harmonize interior/exterior for cure. Otherwise, harsh drugs fail to remove accumulation, damage righteous qi, hard to recover. Be cautious! Liver accumulation, Fei Qi, left hypochondrium, like inverted cup, with head/feet, chronic vomiting/reversal, hypochondriac pain radiating to lower abdomen, cold feet/cramps, malaria-like; use Da Qi Qi Tang cooled, poured over red-hot iron vessel, drink warm, swallow Fei Qi Pill. Lung accumulation, Xi Ben, right hypochondrium, size of cup, rebellious qi/back pain, shortness of breath/amnesia/blinking, cold skin/prickling pain, chronic cough/wheeze; use Da Qi Qi Tang plus Sang Bai Pi, Ban Xia, Xing Ren, swallow Xi Ben Pill. Heart accumulation, Fu Liang, starts above navel, arm-sized, up to heart region, chronic irritability/heat/dry throat/hematemesis; use Da Qi Qi Tang plus Shi Chang Pu, Ban Xia, swallow Fu Liang Pill. Spleen accumulation, Pi Qi, epigastrium, size of cup, blockage, back/heart pain, smaller when hungry/larger when full, abdominal fullness/vomiting/diarrhea, chronic limb weakness/jaundice/emaciation/edema; use Da Qi Qi Tang with Hong Wan Zi, swallow Pi Qi Pill. Kidney accumulation, Ben Tun, starts lower abdomen, up to heart, pig-like shape, erratic movement, visible when hungry/smaller when full, lower abdominal urgency/lower back pain/dry mouth/blindness/cold bones, chronic wheezing/bone萎/shortness of breath; use Da Qi Qi Tang double Gui Zhi plus Hui Xiang, Chao Tu Si Zi Rou, swallow Ben Tun Pill. General accumulation: Wan Bing Zi Wan Wan, Ju Fang Wen Bai Wan, Nong Po Wan. Heat accumulation: treat with cold; Qian Jin Xiao Shi Wan, Vinegar-boiled San Leng Wan, Shen Gong Zhu Hua San, Sheng San Zi. Cold accumulation: treat with heat; Ji Zhua San Leng Wan, Niao Sha Jian Wan, Hong Wan Zi. Weak stomach/low appetite: avoid purgatives; Er Xian San regularly, mass self-dissipates. Convulsive wind mass: Miao Ying Wan plus Chuan Shan Jia (fried), Bie Jia (burnt) 3 qian each, Yan Hu Suo, Peng Zhen 4 qian each; increase from 50 to 70 pills per dose until bowel movement. Hypochondriac pain with mass: Long Hui Wan plus Jiang Huang, Tao Ren 0.5 liang each, honey pills. Long Hui Wan plus White Pigeon Droppings greatly resolves food accumulation, or add to Bao He Wan. Meat accumulation: A Wei Wan. Accumulation site with internal heat like fire spreading to limbs, recurring daily for 2-3 days then resolving: do not attack heat. Original heat disease with lingering heat forming bi: use heat-clearing agents. Xia/abdominal distension treated purely with San Leng/E Zhu wine-steamed, passing black fish-like object cures, or add Xiang Fu decoction. Another case: Ginger/Su Tang swallowing Liu Wei Wan (Xiao Qi Xiang Wan, Hong Wan Zi, Xiao An Shen Wan, Lian Qiao Wan, San Leng Jian, Li Zhong Wan). Drink-bi mass between hypochondrium/abdomen, mimics accumulation, breaking drugs ineffective: promote fluid metabolism. Use Dao Tan Tang, Wu Yin Tang. Diagnosis: previously ill, recovered, spitting saliva/clear water, or chronic phlegm. Heavy drinkers forming wine-bi: abdominal mass, urgent pain/swelling, generalized edema/yellow skin/low appetite; use Shi Wei Da Qi Qi Tang with red wine decoction. Abdominal mass like bi, moving with qi, indefinite location: San Ju Tang. Qi pain wandering heart/abdomen, stabbing up/down, thunder-like rumble, formed/unformed accumulation: Chen Xiang Jiang Qi San. (Dai used 1 Scorpion boiled in soup, mixed with Su He Xiang Wan.) Above grinding drugs must be taken with qi/blood tonics; stop when mass halves. Pure use causes death (doctor-killed). Paste for mass: San Sheng Gao, Hu Po Gao, Da Huang/Po Xiao equal powder, garlic paste application. Ironing prescription: Wu Zhu Yu crushed, boiled with wine, wrapped in hot cloth applied to mass; reheat when cool, rotate. Follow mass movement until resolved.
[Women's Blood Mass] Jia Jian Si Wu Tang, Dang Gui Wan, Mu Dan San.
[Xi Ji] Qi stagnation in hypochondrium, not between zang/fu or ying/wei, chronic formation, qi does not affect stomach, so eating is unaffected; patient has hypochondriac fullness, rebellious qi/difficulty breathing, persistent yearly. Hua Qi Tang.
[Dao Cang Fa (Stomach Purging Method)] Use 20 jin (approx. 10kg) of fat tender yellow male beef (must be 30 jin, better more than less). Cut into small pieces, remove fascia, boil in running water until soft. Filter through cloth, take clear juice, return to pot, slow boil to amber color. Patient abstains from desire/light diet day prior, no dinner night before. Set up sealed, bright, non-ventilated room. Place waste bucket/pot for vomit/feces, porcelain basin for urine. On day, patient enters room, drinks one cup of juice, then another shortly after, accumulating dozens of cups. In cold months, warm in double boiler. Allow vomiting/diarrhea. Upper disease: more vomiting; Lower disease: more diarrhea; Middle/Upper/Lower: both. Flexibility determines speed/quantity. (Fast intake causes upward vomiting; slow intake causes downward diarrhea.) Observe expelled matter; stop only when root disease is gone. Post-vomit/diarrhea thirst: do not give water; drink the expelled urine, called "Lun Hui Jiu" (Wheel Return Wine), stops thirst and cleanses residue. After evacuation, fatigue/sleep/hunger: first thick rice soup, then light thin porridge. After 3 days, light vegetable soup, then thick porridge/soft rice. Regulate for half month to one month. Spirit revitalizes, body light, chronic illness cured. Then avoid beef for several years (or 5 years). Ox represents Kun Earth, yellow earth color, compliant nature, imitating Qian Heaven, male function. Meat is stomach's delight, cooked to liquid, formless, spreads into flesh/collaterals, penetrates skin/hair/nails. Chronic accumulation attaches to intestinal folds, blocking fluids/qi/blood, steaming/burning causing disease. Unless miraculous surgery, can pill/powder penetrate walls? Liquid spreads, intestines receive, concentration doubles, resembling swelling. Folds fill with liquid like flood, pushing old debris down. Surface sweats via vomiting; clear pathways surge via vomiting; turbid pathways exit via diarrhea. All stagnation washed empty. Beef embodies rich/compliant nature, abundant/spreading, moistening withered, tonifying deficiency, bringing spiritual joy.
[Xia Tian Gao] Same as Dao Cang Fa. Someone instructed Han Mao Tianjue to use decoctions for phlegm, expanding this. One yellow ox, pure yellow/fat/healthy 1-2 years old. Wash clean, take four legs/neck/spine, remove fascia, cut lean meat chestnut-sized, weigh 30-50 jin. Boil in quiet room with large copper/new iron pot + running water, stir occasionally. Add boiling water to new pot, keep water covering meat 5-6 cun, skim foam. Boil until meat mud-like. Strain dregs. Pour meat juice through fine cloth into small copper pot. Use mulberry wood, moderate heat, constant stirring, no added water. Juice becomes like thin syrup, drops don't scatter, amber color, paste formed. (Careful with heat!) Roughly 12 jin meat yields 1 jin paste. Store in porcelain. Mix with decoction: start small, increase, melt when hot. Mix with pills: 3 parts paste + 1 part white flour, cook to paste or mix with honey. Cold storage moldy: boil again. Hot storage: cool cellar, lasts 3 days.
[Diagnosis] Fine and deep to bone indicates accumulation. Cun Kou pulse: accumulation in chest; slightly beyond Cun Kou: throat. Guan position: beside navel. Upper Guan/Lower: epigastrium. Slightly below Guan: lower abdomen. Chi position: Qi Jie (inguinal). Pulse emerging right: accumulation right; left: left; both sides: center. Deep and forceful indicates accumulation. Floating and hairy pulse, yielding to pressure: hypochondriac qi...