经云∶足太阳之下，血气皆少，则善转筋，踵下痛。丹溪云∶转筋皆属血热，四物加黄芩、红花、
苍术、南星。有筋转于足大指，转上至大腿近腰结了，乃因奉养浓、饮酒感寒而作，加酒芩、苍术、
红花、南星、姜煎服。仲景云∶转筋之为病，其臂脚直，脉上下行，微弦，转筋入腹者，鸡矢白散主
之。用鸡矢白一味为散，取
方寸匕，以水六合，和温服。《圣惠方》治肝虚转筋，用赤蓼豆叶切作三合，水一盏，酒三合，煎至
四合去渣，温分二服。孙尚药治脚转筋疼痛挛急，松节二两，细锉如米粒，乳香一钱。上件药，用银、
石器内慢火炒令焦，只留一分性，出火毒，研细。每服一钱至二钱，热木瓜酒调下。同是筋病，皆治
之。《外台》治转筋，取故绵以酽醋浸，甑中蒸及热，用绵裹病患脚，令更易勿停，瘥止。丹溪云∶
转筋遍身入肚不忍者，作极咸盐汤于槽中暖浸之。《灵枢》四时气篇，转筋于阳治其阳，转筋于阴治
其阴，皆 刺之。娄全善云∶此则经所谓以痛为输之法，盖用火烧燔针劫刺，转筋之时，当察转筋之
痛在何处，在阳刺阳，在阴刺阴，随其所痛之处刺之，故曰以痛为输也。若以一针未知，则再刺之，
以知觉应效为度，故曰以知为数也。窦太师云∶转筋而疼，灸承山而可治。霍乱转筋，已见霍乱门。
此谓不霍乱而筋自转。
《黄帝内经》说：足太阳膀胱经下方，如果血气都虚弱，就容易发生转筋（肌肉痉挛），并伴有脚跟下方疼痛。朱丹溪说：转筋都属于血热证，可用四物汤加入黄芩、红花、苍术、天南星治疗。如果有筋脉在足大趾处扭转，向上延伸至大腿靠近腰部结聚，这是因饮食肥甘厚味、饮酒后感受寒邪所致，应加用酒炒黄芩、苍术、红花、天南星，配合生姜煎服。张仲景说：转筋这种病，表现为手臂和腿部僵硬伸直，脉象从寸口至尺部上下直行且微带弦象，若转筋蔓延至腹部，应用鸡矢白散主治。取鸡矢白一味药研成散剂，每次取一方寸匕，加水六合，调和后温服。《太平圣惠方》治疗肝虚引起的转筋，用赤蓼豆叶切碎三合，加水一盏、酒三合，煎煮至剩余四合，去渣滓，分两次温服。孙尚药治疗脚部转筋疼痛、拘挛紧急，用松节二两，细锉如米粒大小，乳香一钱。以上药物，在银器或石器内用慢火炒至焦黑，只保留一分药性，去除火毒，研成细末。每次服用一钱至二钱，用热木瓜酒调下。同样是筋病，都可以这样治疗。《外台秘要》治疗转筋，取旧绵絮用浓醋浸泡，在蒸笼中蒸至发热，用绵絮包裹患者脚部，令其不断更换，症状消失即止。朱丹溪说：转筋遍及全身且痛入腹部的，可在槽中用极咸的盐水温暖浸泡。《灵枢·四时气篇》记载：阳经部位的转筋治疗阳经，阴经部位的转筋治疗阴经，都用针刺方法。娄全善说：这就是《内经》所说的“以痛为输”的方法，大概是用火烧燔针进行劫刺。转筋发作时，应当观察转筋疼痛的部位在哪里，在阳经则刺阳经，在阴经则刺阴经，随其疼痛之处进行针刺，所以叫“以痛为输”。如果一针之后不知晓效果，就再刺，以产生知觉反应为有效标准，所以叫“以知为数”。窦太师说：转筋而疼痛，灸承山穴可以治愈。霍乱引起的转筋，已在霍乱门中论述过。这里指的是没有霍乱而筋脉自行扭转的情况。
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: Below the Foot-Taiyang Bladder channel, if both blood and qi are deficient, one is prone to muscle cramping (Zhuanjin), accompanied by pain below the heel. Zhu Danxi stated that muscle cramping all belongs to Blood-heat syndrome; it can be treated with Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) added with Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Honghua (Carthami Flos), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), and Nanting (Arisaematis Rhizoma Praeparatum). If the tendons twist at the big toe of the foot and extend upward to the thigh near the waist, this is caused by rich nourishment, drinking alcohol, and contracting cold; it should be treated with Jiuhuangqin (Scutellariae Radix fried with wine), Cangzhu, Honghua, Nanting, and ginger decocted together. Zhang Zhongjing stated: In the disease of muscle cramping, the arms and legs become straight and rigid, the pulse runs vertically from top to bottom and is slightly wiry; if the cramping extends into the abdomen, Jishi Bai San (Chicken Dropping White Powder) is the primary treatment. Take a single ingredient, Jishi Bai (the white part of chicken droppings), grind it into powder. Take one Fangcunbi (a square-inch measure) as a dose, mix with six He (an ancient liquid measure) of water, blend, and take warm. The *Taiping Shenghui Fang* (Holy惠民 Formulas of the Taiping Era) treats liver deficiency causing muscle cramping by using three He of chopped leaves of Chiliaodouye (Polygoni Multiflori Folium or related herb), one Dun of water, and three He of wine, decocted until four Dun remain, then strained and taken in two warm doses. Sun Shangyao treated foot muscle cramping with pain, spasm, and urgency using two Liang of Songjie (Pinus Massoniana Node) finely cut like rice grains, and one Qian of Xuxiang (Boswelliae Resina). These ingredients are slowly stir-fried in silver or earthenware vessels until scorched, retaining only a fraction of their nature, removing fire toxicity, and ground into fine powder. Each dose is one to two Qian, taken with hot Mugua Jiu (Quince Wine). Although these are all tendon diseases, they can all be treated thus. The *Waitai Miyao* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies) treats muscle cramping by taking old cotton wool, soaking it in strong vinegar, steaming it in a steamer until hot, wrapping the patient's feet with the cotton, and replacing it continuously until recovery. Zhu Danxi stated: For muscle cramping throughout the body extending into the abdomen with unbearable pain, soak the patient in a trough filled with very salty warm water. The chapter "Si Shi Qi" (Qi of the Four Seasons) in the *Lingshu* (Spiritual Pivot) records: For cramping in Yang channels, treat the Yang; for cramping in Yin channels, treat the Yin; both are treated with acupuncture. Lou Quanshan said: This refers to the method mentioned in the classics of "using the painful point as the Shu point," which generally involves burning moxa needles (Fenxian) for rapid puncture. During an episode of cramping, one must observe where the pain is located; if in Yang, puncture Yang; if in Yin, puncture Yin, following the site of pain. Hence it is called "using the painful point as the Shu point." If one needle does not yield immediate results, prick again, stopping when sensation/response is achieved; hence it is called "using sensation as the number of pricks." Grand Master Dou stated: For cramping with pain, moxibustion on Chengshan (BL57) can cure it. Cramping caused by Huoluan (Cholera-like syndrome) has been discussed in the Huoluan section. This passage refers to spontaneous cramping without Huoluan.