肾主骨，在体为骨，在脏为肾。又云∶肾之合骨也，其荣发也。又云∶少阴者，冬脉也，伏行而
濡骨髓也。骨病忌食甘苦，久立。经云∶多食甘则骨痛而发落。又
云∶苦走骨，骨病无多食苦。又云∶久立伤骨是也。骨病不屈。经云∶手屈而不伸者，病在筋；伸而
不屈者，病在骨。在骨守骨，在筋守筋是也。骨度，详《灵枢》骨度篇。骨空，详《素问》骨空篇。
脾主肉。经云∶脾主肉，在体为肉，在脏为脾。又云∶邪在脾胃，则病肌肉痛是也。脾病在溪。
经云∶北方黑色，入通于肾，故病在溪。溪者，肉之小会也。《素问》气穴论，帝曰∶愿闻溪谷之会
也，歧伯曰∶肉之大会为谷，肉之小会为溪，肉分之间，溪谷之会，以行荣卫，以会大气。邪溢气壅，
脉热肉败，荣卫不行，必将为脓，内消骨髓外破大 ，留于节凑，必将为败。积寒留舍，荣卫不居，
卷肉缩筋，肋肘不得伸，内为骨痹，外为不仁，命曰不足，大寒留于溪谷也。溪谷三百六十五穴会，
亦应一岁，其小痹淫溢，循脉往来，微针所及，与法相同。形乐志乐，病生于肉，治之以针石。湿伤
肉，甘伤肉。经云∶湿伤肉，风胜湿；甘伤肉，
酸胜甘。又云∶甘走肉，肉病无多食甘。又云∶多食酸则肉胝 而唇揭是也。坐乐伤肉。经云∶久坐
伤肉。又云∶形乐志乐，病生于肉，治之以针石是也。
肾主管骨骼，在形体表现为骨，在五脏中对应肾。又说：肾与骨相合，其华彩表现在头发上。又说：少阴经是冬季的脉象，潜行于体内并濡养骨髓。患有骨病时，应忌食甘味和苦味的食物，避免长时间站立。医经中说：多吃甘味食物会导致骨痛和脱发。又说：苦味入走骨，患骨病时不要多吃苦味食物。又说：长时间站立会损伤骨骼，正是此理。骨病患者不宜做屈曲动作。医经中说：手能屈不能伸的，病在筋；能伸不能屈的，病在骨。治疗时要针对病变部位，病在骨就守治骨，病在筋就守治筋，就是这个道理。关于骨的尺寸度量，详见《灵枢》中的《骨度》篇。关于骨的孔隙穴位，详见《素问》中的《骨空》篇。
脾主管肌肉。医经中说：脾主管肌肉，在形体表现为肉，在五脏中对应脾。又说：邪气侵犯脾胃，就会导致肌肉疼痛，正是此理。脾的病位在于“溪”（肌肉间的缝隙）。医经中说：北方属黑色，内通于肾，所以疾病发生在溪。所谓“溪”，是指肌肉之间较小的交会处。《素问·气穴论》中，黄帝说：我想听听溪谷交会的情况，岐伯回答说：肌肉的大交会处称为“谷”，肌肉的小交会处称为“溪”。在肌肉的分界之间，溪与谷相互交会，用以运行营气和卫气，汇聚大气。如果邪气充溢、气机壅滞，导致脉热肌肉败坏，营卫运行不畅，必然化脓，向内消蚀骨髓，向外破溃大肌，若寒气滞留于关节间隙，必然导致败坏。若寒邪积聚停留，营卫无法正常运行，会导致肌肉卷缩、筋脉拘急，胁部和肘部不能伸展，在内形成骨痹，在外表现为麻木不仁，这被称为正气不足，是大寒邪气留滞于溪谷所致。全身三百六十五个穴位交会于溪谷，也对应一年的天数。对于轻微的风湿痹症，邪气在经脉中往来流动，可以用微针治疗，方法与常规相同。如果形体安逸、精神愉悦，但病生于肌肉，可以用针石来治疗。湿邪伤害肌肉，甘味食物也伤害肌肉。医经中说：湿邪伤害肌肉，风邪可以胜湿；甘味伤害肌肉，酸味可以胜甘。又说：甘味入走肌肉，患肉病时不要多吃甘味食物。又说：多吃酸味食物会导致皮肤角质增厚且嘴唇掀揭，正是此理。久坐会损伤肌肉。医经中说：长时间坐着会损伤肌肉。又说：如果形体安逸、精神愉悦，但病生于肌肉，可以用针石来治疗，正是此理。
The Kidney governs the bones, manifests in the body as bones, and corresponds to the Kidneys among the Zang organs. It is also stated: The Kidney's harmony is with the bones, and its luster appears in the hair. It is further stated: Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) is the pulse of winter, which travels deep within and moistens the bone marrow. For bone diseases, one should avoid consuming sweet and bitter foods, as well as standing for long periods. The Classics state: Excessive consumption of sweet foods leads to bone pain and hair loss. It is also stated: Bitter flavor enters and moves toward the bones; those with bone diseases should not consume excessive amounts of bitter foods. It is also stated: Long-standing damages the bones, which is precisely this principle. Patients with bone diseases should not perform flexion movements. The Classics state: If the hands can flex but not extend, the disease is in the tendons; if they can extend but not flex, the disease is in the bones. In treatment, when the pathology is in the bones, focus on treating the bones; when it is in the tendons, focus on treating the tendons. This is the meaning behind "when in the bones, guard the bones; when in the tendons, guard the tendons." Regarding bone measurements, refer to the "Bone Measures" chapter in *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot). Regarding bone apertures, refer to the "Bone Apertures" chapter in *Su Wen* (Basic Questions).
The Spleen governs the muscles. The Classics state: The Spleen governs the muscles, manifests in the body as flesh, and corresponds to the Spleen among the Zang organs. It is also stated: When pathogenic factors invade the Spleen and Stomach, muscle pain occurs, which is precisely this principle. The pathology of the Spleen resides in the "Xi" (valleys/crevices between muscles). The Classics state: The North corresponds to black color, which internally connects to the Kidney, therefore diseases manifest in the Xi. "Xi" refers to the smaller intersections of muscles. In the "Qi Xue Lun" (Discussion on Qi Acupoints) chapter of *Su Wen*, the Yellow Emperor said: I wish to hear about the convergence of Xi and Gu. Qibo replied: The large convergence of muscles is called "Gu" (valley), and the small convergence of muscles is called "Xi" (crevice). Between the muscle layers, the convergence of Xi and Gu serves to circulate Ying (Nutritive) Qi and Wei (Defensive) Qi, and to gather Grand Qi. If pathogens overflow and Qi becomes stagnant, causing heat in the vessels and decay of the flesh, with Ying and Wei Qi failing to circulate, pus will inevitably form. Internally, it may dissolve the bone marrow; externally, it may rupture large muscles. If cold pathogens remain lodged in the joints, degeneration will surely follow. If accumulated cold remains stationary, preventing Ying and Wei Qi from residing normally, the flesh will curl and shrink, and the sinews will contract, making extension of the ribs and elbows impossible. Internally, this manifests as Bi syndrome of the bones; externally, it presents as numbness and lack of sensation. This is termed deficiency, caused by severe cold lingering in the Xi and Gu. There are 365 acupoint convergences in the Xi and Gu, corresponding to the days of a year. For minor Bi syndromes where pathogens fluctuate along the meridians, fine needles are applicable, following the same principles. If one has physical comfort and mental ease, yet diseases arise in the muscles, they can be treated with acupuncture and stone needles. Dampness injures the muscles, and sweet flavors injure the muscles. The Classics state: Dampness injures the muscles, and Wind overcomes Dampness; Sweet flavors injure the muscles, and Sour flavors overcome Sweet. It is also stated: Sweet flavor enters and moves toward the flesh; those with flesh diseases should not consume excessive amounts of sweet foods. It is also stated: Excessive consumption of sour foods leads to thickened skin and peeled lips, which is precisely this principle. Sitting for long periods injures the muscles. The Classics state: Prolonged sitting damages the muscles. It is also stated: If one has physical comfort and mental ease, yet diseases arise in the muscles, they can be treated with acupuncture and stone needles, which is precisely this principle.