《灵枢经》黄帝曰∶人之自啮舌者，何气使然？岐伯曰∶此厥逆走上，脉气皆至
也。少阴气至则啮舌，少阳气至则啮颊，阳明气至则啮唇矣。视主病者，则补之。
面统属诸阳。（《灵枢》曰∶诸阳之会，皆在于面）。又属足阳明胃经。（《素问》曰∶五
七阳明脉衰，面始焦，发始堕。六八衰竭，面焦发鬓颁白。《灵枢》曰∶邪中于面则下阳明。《中藏》
曰∶胃热则面赤如醉人。《素问》又曰∶已食如饥者胃疸。面肿曰风。注∶胃阳明之脉行于面故耳）。
又属足太阳膀胱经。（《灵枢》曰∶足太阳之上，血多气少则面多少理，血少气多则面多肉肥而不泽，
血气和则美色。俱有余则肥泽，俱不足则瘦而无泽）。又统属手少阴心经。（《素问》曰∶心者，生
之本，神之变也，其华在面。又曰∶心之合脉也，其荣色也）。又以五色候五脏，故面青属肝。（《素
问》曰∶生于肝，如以缟裹绀，故青欲如苍璧之泽，不欲如蓝。注∶缟，缯之精白者。绀，深青扬赤
色。又曰∶青如翠羽者生，如草兹者死。注∶兹，滋也，如草初生之色也）。赤属心。（《素问》曰∶
生于心，如以缟裹朱，故赤欲如白裹朱，不欲如赭。注∶赭，赤土也。又曰∶赤如鸡冠者生，如 血
者死。注∶ 血，凝血也）。黄属脾。（《素问》曰∶生于脾，如以缟裹栝蒌实，故黄欲如罗裹雄黄，
不欲如黄土。又曰∶黄如蟹腹者生，如枳实者死）。白属肺。（《素问》曰∶生于肺，如以缟裹红，
故白欲如鹅羽，不欲如盐。又曰∶白如豕膏者生，如枯骨者死）。黑属肾。（《素问》曰∶生于肾，
如以缟裹紫，故黑欲如重漆色，不欲如地苍。又曰∶黑如乌羽者生，如 者死。注∶ ，煤也。又曰∶
五脏六
腑固尽有部，视其五色，黄赤为热，白为寒，青黑为痛）。《灵枢》邪气脏腑病形篇，黄帝曰∶首面
与身形也，属骨连筋同血，合于气耳。天寒则裂地凌冰，其卒寒或手足懈惰，然而其面不裂何也？岐
伯答曰∶十二经脉，三百六十五络，其血气皆上于面而走空窍，其精阳气上走于目而为睛，其别气走
于耳而为听，其宗气上出于鼻而为臭，其浊气出于胃，走唇舌而为味，其气之津液皆上熏于面，而皮
又浓，其肉坚，故天气甚寒，不能胜之也。叶氏曰∶手足六阳之经，皆上至于头，而唯阳明胃脉，起
鼻交 中，入上齿中，侠口环唇，循颊车，上耳前，过客主人，故人之面部，阳明之所属也。其或胃
中有热则面热，升麻汤加黄连。胃中有寒则面寒，升麻汤加附子。若风热内甚而上攻，令人面目浮肿，
或面鼻紫色，或风刺瘾疹，随其证而治之。李氏云∶风邪入皮肤，痰饮渍腑脏，则面 。脾应见于
面，肺应皮毛，二经风湿搏而为热湿，故面生疮。
《灵枢经》中黄帝问道：人为什么会自己咬到自己的舌头呢？是什么气导致这种情况的？岐伯回答说：这是因为厥逆之气向上冲犯，脉气都汇聚于此。如果是少阴经的气上至，就会咬伤舌头；少阳经的气上至，就会咬伤脸颊；阳明经的气上至，就会咬伤嘴唇。观察是哪一经的主病，就对该经进行补法治疗。
面部统属于诸阳经。（《灵枢》说：诸阳经的交会处，都在面部）。面部又归属于足阳明胃经。（《素问》说：女子五七岁时，阳明脉开始衰弱，面容开始憔悴，头发开始脱落。男子六八岁时，阳气衰竭，面容焦枯，两鬓头发变白。《灵枢》说：邪气侵袭面部，则下行影响阳明经。《中藏经》说：胃中有热，则面色红赤像喝醉的人一样。《素问》又说：吃完饭后感觉像饿了一样，这是胃疸病。面部浮肿称为风证。注：因为足阳明胃经的经脉行于面部，所以如此）。面部又归属于足太阳膀胱经。（《灵枢》说：足太阳经的上部，血多气少则面部毛孔细密，血少气多则面部肌肉丰腴但不润泽，气血调和则面色美丽。如果气血都有余，则面部丰满润泽；如果气血都不足，则面部消瘦而无光泽）。面部又统属于手少阴心经。（《素问》说：心是生命的根本，神志变化的所在，其荣华表现于面部。又说：心与脉相合，其荣华表现为色泽）。又通过五色来候察五脏，所以面色青属于肝。（《素问》说：肝脏的正常色泽，如同薄绢包裹着深青色，所以青色应当像苍玉那样有光泽，不应当像蓝草那样死板。注：缟，是精白的丝织品。绀，是深青带红的颜色。又说：青色像翠鸟羽毛那样鲜活者生，像枯草那样暗淡者死。注：兹，通滋，像初生草木的颜色）。面色赤属于心。（《素问》说：心脏的正常色泽，如同薄绢包裹着朱砂，所以红色应当像白布裹着朱砂，不应当像赭石。注：赭，是赤色的土。又说：红色像鸡冠那样鲜亮者生，像凝血那样暗滞者死。注：凝血，指凝固的血块）。面色黄属于脾。（《素问》说：脾脏的正常色泽，如同薄绢包裹着瓜蒌实，所以黄色应当像罗纱包裹着雄黄，不应当像黄土。又说：黄色像蟹腹那样明润者生，像枳实那样枯槁者死）。面色白属于肺。（《素问》说：肺脏的正常色泽，如同薄绢包裹着微红，所以白色应当像鹅的羽毛，不应当像盐那样惨白。又说：白色像猪油那样润泽者生，像枯骨那样干枯者死）。面色黑属于肾。（《素问》说：肾脏的正常色泽，如同薄绢包裹着紫色，所以黑色应当像重漆那样光亮，不应当像土地那样灰暗。又说：黑色像乌鸦羽毛那样润泽者生，像煤炭那样漆黑者死。注：煤，指煤炭。又说：五脏六腑固然都有对应的部位，观察其五色，黄赤色主热，白色主寒，青黑色主痛）。《灵枢·邪气脏腑病形篇》中，黄帝问道：头部和面部与身体四肢相连，同属骨骼筋脉，共同受气血濡养。天气寒冷时，大地开裂，冰凌凝结，突然受寒有时会导致手足懈怠无力，然而为什么面部不会冻裂呢？岐伯回答说：十二经脉和三百六十五络穴，它们的气血都上行于面部并通达各个孔窍，其中精气阳气上行至目而成为视觉，别气上行至耳而成为听觉，宗气上行出于鼻而成为嗅觉，浊气出于胃，上行至唇舌而成为味觉，这些气的津液都向上熏蒸于面部，而且面部皮肤较厚，肌肉坚实，所以即使天气非常寒冷，也不能使面部冻裂。叶氏说：手足六条阳经，都上行至头部，而只有阳明胃经，起于鼻翼旁交于鼻根中，进入上齿中，挟口环绕嘴唇，沿颊车穴上行至耳前，经过客主人穴，所以人的面部，主要归属于阳明经。如果胃中有热，则面部发热，可用升麻汤加黄连。如果胃中有寒，则面部发冷，可用升麻汤加附子。如果是风热内盛而上攻，令人面目浮肿，或者面鼻呈现紫色，或者出现风刺瘾疹，应根据具体证候进行治疗。李氏说：风邪侵入皮肤，痰饮浸渍脏腑，则面部会出现疮疡。脾的病变反映在面部，肺主皮毛，二经受风湿搏结化为湿热，所以面部生疮。
In the *Ling Shu Jing* (Spiritual Pivot), the Yellow Emperor asked: Why do people bite their own tongues? What qi causes this? Qibo replied: This is caused by rebellious qi ascending, with pulse qi converging there. When Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) qi ascends, it bites the tongue; when Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) qi ascends, it bites the cheek; when Yangming (Bright Yang) qi ascends, it bites the lips. Observe which channel is primarily affected, and apply tonification.
The face is governed by all Yang channels. (*Ling Shu* states: The convergence of all Yang channels is on the face). It also belongs to the Foot-Yangming Stomach Channel. (*Su Wen* states: At age 35 for women, the Yangming pulse begins to decline, the face starts to wither, and hair begins to fall out. At age 48 for men,衰竭 (decline/failure) occurs, the face withers, and the temples turn gray. *Ling Shu* states: If evil invades the face, it descends to affect the Yangming channel. *Zhong Zang Jing* states: Heat in the stomach causes the face to be red like a drunkard. *Su Wen* further states: Feeling hungry after eating indicates Wei Du (Stomach Jaundice). Facial edema is called Feng (Wind). Note: This is because the Foot-Yangming Stomach Channel traverses the face). The face also belongs to the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Channel. (*Ling Shu* states: On the upper part of the Foot-Taiyang channel, abundant blood and scarce qi result in fine facial pores; scarce blood and abundant qi result in fleshy but un-lustrous skin; harmonious blood and qi result in beautiful complexion. If both are excessive, the face is plump and lustrous; if both are deficient, the face is thin and dull). The face is also governed by the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Channel. (*Su Wen* states: The Heart is the root of life and the residence of spirit; its brilliance manifests on the face. It further states: The Heart corresponds to the vessels, and its brilliance is seen in color). Furthermore, colors are used to diagnose the five Zang organs; thus, a blue-green complexion belongs to the Liver. (*Su Wen* states: The healthy liver color is like white silk wrapping cyan; therefore, blue-green should resemble the luster of dark jade, not look like indigo dye. Note: Gao refers to fine white silk. Gan refers to deep blue-green with a reddish tint. It also states: Blue-green like a kingfisher's feather indicates life; like dead grass indicates death. Note: Zi implies moisture, like the color of fresh sprouts). A red complexion belongs to the Heart. (*Su Wen* states: The healthy heart color is like white silk wrapping cinnabar; therefore, red should resemble cinnabar wrapped in white cloth, not look like hematite. Note: Zhe is red earth. It also states: Red like a rooster's comb indicates life; like clotted blood indicates death. Note: Clotted blood refers to coagulated blood). A yellow complexion belongs to the Spleen. (*Su Wen* states: The healthy spleen color is like white silk wrapping a trichosanthes fruit; therefore, yellow should resemble realgar wrapped in gauze, not look like yellow earth. It also states: Yellow like a crab's belly indicates life; like an immature bitter orange indicates death). A white complexion belongs to the Lungs. (*Su Wen* states: The healthy lung color is like white silk wrapping a slight red; therefore, white should resemble goose feathers, not look like salt. It also states: White like pig fat indicates life; like dry bones indicates death). A black complexion belongs to the Kidneys. (*Su Wen* states: The healthy kidney color is like white silk wrapping purple; therefore, black should resemble double-lacquered finish, not look like dusty earth. It also states: Black like a crow's feather indicates life; like coal indicates death. Note: Mei means coal. It also states: Although the five Zang and six Fu organs have specific areas, observing the five colors reveals that yellow and red indicate Heat, white indicates Cold, and blue-green and black indicate Pain*). In the chapter "Disease Forms of Evil Qi and Zang-Fu Organs" from the *Ling Shu*, the Yellow Emperor asked: The head and face connect to the body, sharing bones, tendons, blood, and qi. When heaven is cold, the ground cracks and ice forms; sudden cold may cause limbs to become slack, yet why does the face not crack? Qibo answered: The twelve meridians and three hundred sixty-five collaterals all send their blood and qi upward to the face and into the orifices. Their essence and yang qi ascend to the eyes to form vision; their branch qi ascends to the ears to form hearing; their ancestral qi ascends through the nose to form smell; their turbid qi comes from the stomach, ascending to the lips and tongue to form taste. The fluids of these qi all steam upward onto the face, and since the skin is thick and the flesh firm, even extreme cold cannot overcome them. Master Ye said: The six Yang meridities of the hands and feet all ascend to the head, but only the Yangming Stomach Channel originates at the side of the nose, crosses the nasal bridge, enters the upper teeth, flanks the mouth, encircles the lips, follows the Jiache point, ascends before the ear, passes through the Guest Master point. Thus, the human face mainly belongs to the Yangming channel. If there is heat in the stomach, the face feels hot; treat with Shengma Tang (Cimicifuga Decoction) added with Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome). If there is cold in the stomach, the face feels cold; treat with Shengma Tang (Cimicifuga Decoction) added with Fuzi (Aconite Lateral Root). If internal wind-heat is severe and attacks upward, causing facial and eye edema, or purple discoloration of the face and nose, or wind-thorns and hives, treat according to the syndrome. Master Li said: When wind evil penetrates the skin and phlegm-fluids soak the zang-fu organs, sores appear on the face. Spleen pathology manifests on the face, and the Lung governs the skin and hair; when wind-dampness from these two channels combines to generate damp-heat, sores arise on the face.