大意
夏伤于暑。秋成 疟。（经文） 者。疟之总名也。因其有战寒壮热暴疟酷疟之义。故名。大抵无痰不成疟。外
感四气。内动七情。饮食饥饱。房室劳伤。皆能致之。其中气凝滞。鼓动痰涎。则一也。（汇补）
内因
夏时伏阴在内。阳浮于外。真气消烁。其汗大出。人多烦渴。或过食生冷瓜果。或坐卧阴地取凉。致肤腠闭
密。邪留于胃。聚而成痰。至秋阳气收肃。阴气下移。中州之痰气愈加壅滞。胃气行至其所。与之相遇。而寒
热作焉。阴阳之气。更相胜负。故卫气行过。与邪暂离。故有时汗解。及邪卫复集。病必再作。此阴阳之升降。
邪正之合离也。（汇补）
外候
其寒也。欠伸毛悚。鼓颔战栗。汤火不能温。其热也。头疼脊痛。烦躁饮冷。冰水不能寒。或先寒后热。或先热
后寒。或寒热多少。或单热单寒。（大全）
三阳经疟
太阳之疟。腰背头项俱疼。先寒后热。热止汗出。阳明之疟。目痛鼻干舌燥。寒甚乃热。热甚而汗出。喜见火
日光。少阳之疟。口苦胁痛而呕。寒热往来。身体解 。（入门）
三阴经疟
少阴之疟。寒少热多。呕吐独甚。舌干口燥。欲闭户牖而处。太阴之疟。惨然太息。腹满恶食。病至善呕。呕已
乃衰。厥阴之疟。腰痛小腹满。小便数而不利。恐惧不足。腹中悒悒。（指掌）
风疟
凡疟皆生于风。风疟者。因避暑乘凉。汗出当风。闭其毛孔。热不得泄越而作。所谓夏暑汗不出。秋成风疟。
其症烦燥头疼。恶寒自汗。先热后寒。治宜发汗。（汇补）
寒疟
纳凉之风寒。沐浴之水寒。先伏于腠中。因秋风凉肃而发。其症腰背头项疼痛。先寒后热。治当大汗。（汇补）
暑疟
暑疟者。其症大汗大烦大喘大渴。静则多言。体若燔炭。汗出而散。单热微寒。宜清暑解表。（汇补）
湿疟
外着雨露。内停水湿。发则一身尽痛。手足沉重。呕逆胀满。名曰湿疟。宜解表除湿。（汇补）
温疟
冬中风寒。藏于骨髓。及遇大暑。腠理发泄。邪气与汗皆出。故先热后寒。名曰温疟。宜和解。热多小柴胡。寒
多加桂枝。（汇补）
瘴疟
瘴疟者。山溪蒸毒。湿热蒸熏。邪郁中焦。发时迷闷。甚则狂妄。乍寒乍热。乍有乍无。一身沉重。不习水土者。
恒多患之。甚则血瘀于心。涎聚于脾。亦有口喑不能言者。宜先吐其痰。后利大肠。凉膈散。或小柴胡加大
黄、木香。轻者藿香正气散。（汇补）
疫疟
一方长幼。病皆相似。此因天时寒热不正。邪气乘虚袭入所致。宜随时令施治。此司天运气之所宜考也。（汇补）
鬼疟
鬼疟因卒感尸疰客忤。寒热日作。梦寐不详。多生恐怖。言动异常。俗云。夜发为鬼疟者非也。宜祛邪禁压
法。或平胃散。加桃仁、雄黄。（方考）
瘅疟
瘅疟者。肺素有热。腠理开发。风寒舍于皮肤之内。分肉之间。发则阳气盛。其气不及于阴。故但热而不寒。
（素问）今人素有火症。复挟饮食与痰。每多热而不寒。均宜消导清火。
痰疟
痰疟因夏月多食瓜果油面。郁结成痰。热多寒少。头疼肉跳。吐食呕沫。甚则昏迷卒倒。寸口脉浮大者。吐
之。关脉弦滑者。化之。若胸满热多。大便燥实。大柴胡汤下之。（汇补）
食疟
食疟一名胃疟。因饮食失节。饥饱不常。谷气乖乱。荣卫失所。寒已复热。热已复寒。寒热交并。噫气恶食。食
则吐逆。胸满腹胀。食在膈上。探吐之。食停未化。消克之。食已消。疏解之。（汇补）
虚疟
元气本虚。感邪患疟。饮食少进。四肢乏力。自汗不止。倦怠嗜卧。微有表症者。人参养胃汤为主。久而不已。
但宜养正。六君子加柴胡、干葛。不可用劫夺法。转成他症。又有入房感寒成疟者。昼则寒甚。夜则发热。服
药不得汗者。用苍、芎、桃、柳煎汤。浸足至膝。内服补剂。其汗必行。又有虚极之人。疟发之时。寒不成寒。热不
成热。气急神扬。精神恍惚。六脉豁大。此元气衰脱。将有大汗昏晕之虞。宜防之。（汇补）
劳疟
劳役过度。荣卫空虚。其症发热恶寒。寒中有热。热中有寒。或发于昼。或发于夜。遇小劳便发。必气虚多汗。
饮食少进。又血虚午后发热至晚微汗乃解。此似疟非疟也。若误投疟治。必危。久而成瘵。舍补奚为。（汇补）
疟母
凡疟经年不瘥。谓之老疟。或食积痰涎瘀血结成痞块。藏于腹胁。作胀且痛。令人多汗。乃疟母也。此荣卫
虚损。邪气留着。宜养正气。终当自化。设误为攻削。必至中满。慎之。（汇补）
为热为寒
人身之中。卫气居外。营血居内。阳邪与荣争。而邪火发于外。则为热。阴邪与卫争。而正气退于内。则为寒。
表邪多则寒多。里邪多则热多。表里相半。寒热相争。诸疟惟劳伤食积痰火。则寒已复热。热已复寒。谓之
寒热相并。（入门）外有瘅疟。但热不寒者。乃邪并于表。则阳盛阴虚。阴虚生内热。阳盛生外热。而中外皆热
也。牝疟。但寒不热者。乃邪并于里。则阴盛阳虚。肠虚生外寒。阴盛生内寒。而中外皆寒者。一定之则也。（汇补）
阳分阴分
大抵一日一发。及午后发者。邪在阳分。易已。间日发。及午后夜间发者。邪在阴分。难已。若间一日。连二日
发。或日夜各一发者。为阴阳俱病。（杂着）阴分多而阳分少。则其发日远。阳分多而阴分少。则其发日近。甚
则内外失守。真邪不分。休作无时也。（汇补）
连发间发
受病重者。邪气内薄于阴分。阴为脏。其邪深。横连募原。募原者五脏空穴之总名。在背为阳为募。在腹为
阴为原。其道远。其气深。邪内居之。不能与正气并行。故间日蓄积乃发。（入门）其有三日一发者。乃三阴经
疟。其病更深。发于子午卯酉者。少阴经也。辰戌丑未者。太阴经也。寅申巳亥者。厥阴经也。（丹溪）
日轻日重
时日支干之衰旺。每于人身有相关。盖甲丙戊庚壬。天时之阳也。乙丁己辛癸。天时之阴也。疟久食减。胃
中之正气已孤。而邪去未尽。是以值阳日助正。而邪不能胜正则轻。值阴日助邪。而正不能胜邪则重。（汇补）
日发夜发
受病轻者。邪气外舍于阳分。阳为腑。其邪浅。客于腠理。与卫气并行。故一日一发。发有昼夜之殊。因卫气
昼行于阳。夜行于阴。此气得阳而外出。故发于日间。荣卫昼行背与脊故也。得阴而内薄。故发于暮夜。荣
卫夜行胸与腹也。
移早移晏
邪气客于风府。循膂而下。卫气一日一夜。大会于风府。其明日下一节。故其作也晏。其出于风府。日下一
节。二十五日下至 骨。二十六日入于脊内。注于伏膂之内。其气上行。九日出于缺盆之中。其气日高。故
作日益早也。（内经）所以正气胜而外出。则移早。为轻。邪气胜而入内。则移晚。为重。（汇补）
脉法
疟脉自弦。弦数多热。弦迟多寒。弦虚宜补。弦紧宜汗。弦而浮大可吐。弦而实紧可下。微弱为虚。代散则死。
如六脉迟缓者。将自愈。
治法
无汗须发汗。散邪为主。有汗当敛汗。扶正为先。（心法）邪疟及新发者。可汗吐下。虚疟及久病者。宜补气血。
稍久而正虚邪滞者。宜一补一发。若深入于阴分者。宜先升后汗。至如邪乘虚入。则宜以发散祛其客邪。
然后扶培胃气。痰食气滞。则先以消导散其壅滞。然后渐补脾元。（汇补）
避其锐气
方其盛时。必毁。因其衰也。事必大昌。（内经）凡疟方发之时。不可服药。须于未发两时之先。否则药病交争。
转深为害。（汇补）
截宜权变
数发之后。曾经汗解。可商截法。久则中气愈虚。病邪愈深。设或脉尚紧盛。邪气方锐。未可轻截。恐补住邪
气。变生他患。（汇补）
截后宜补
截而不愈。不可再截。恐损其气。宜分昼发夜发。寒热多少。以和解之。久则脾气虚衰。须服养脾祛痰之药。
脾气一盛。自然平复。（大全）
疟病死症
凡疟至吐泻不食。肿胀归腹者。不治。亦有峻补参、 而获生者。亦仅百中之一二也。（汇补）
用药
主以二陈汤。合柴胡汤。因寒。加羌活、苏叶。因暑。加黄连、香薷。因湿。加苍术、浓朴。因瘴。加菖蒲、藿香。
因食。加山楂、麦芽。因痰。加枳实、胆星。头疼。加川芎。胸满。加枳壳。口渴。加知母。甚加石膏。去半夏。呕吐。
加藿香。大抵外感寒多。非草果、浓朴不能温散。热多。非柴胡、黄芩不能清解。阳疟无汗。须用苍术、葛根。阴疟无
汗。须用升麻、柴胡。阳疟多汗。敛以参、术、黄 。阴疟多汗。敛以归、芍、乌梅。阳疟三四发后不愈者。截以不二
饮。阴疟数十发不愈者。提以补中益气汤。加白蔻仁以分邪正而疟自止。脾虚多热者。清脾饮。胃虚多寒者。人参
养胃汤。其间日发。连两日发者。八珍汤大补气血。若微寒微热不能遽除。是正气已虚。邪气亦尽。加柴胡、
黄芩鳖甲。于补荣卫药中。寻当自愈。
疟疾选方
清脾饮（简易） 治疟疾热多寒少。口渴溺赤。脉弦数者。脉滑有力。用苍术。脉濡无力。用白术。
青皮 浓朴（姜炒） 草果 柴胡 黄芩 茯苓 半夏 甘草（炙各七分） 姜 枣
不二饮 治疟在阳分。三四发后。人壮可截者。
柴胡 黄芩 常山 知母 芍药 槟榔 青皮 甘草
水酒各一碗煎。露一宿。五更时服。忌热茶汤饭一日。
驱疟散（和剂） 治疟疾热少寒多。自汗肢冷。脉弦迟者。
前胡 柴胡（各八分） 桂心 桔梗 浓朴 半夏（各六分） 黄 干葛 甘草（各四分） 姜 枣
人参养胃汤 治虚疟食少诸症。
草果 人参 茯苓（各五分） 甘草 橘红（各八分） 浓朴 苍术 半夏（各一钱） 藿香（五分）
寒多。加干姜、桂枝。热多。加柴胡、黄芩、生姜、乌梅。水煎。
芎归鳖甲汤 治劳疟表虚里损。真元未复。疾虽暂可。少劳复作。
川芎 当归 鳖甲 茯苓 青皮 陈皮
半夏 芍药（等分）
生姜、乌梅煎。
四兽饮
即六君子汤加草果、乌梅、生姜、大枣。
黄 鳖甲汤
黄 （中） 鳖甲（下） 何首乌（上） 陈皮（下）
柴胡养阴汤
柴胡（上） 当归（中） 陈皮（中） 知母（下）
疟母丸
青皮 桃仁 红花 神曲（各五钱） 三棱 蓬术 海粉（各七钱） 鳖甲（醋制一两） 香附（醋炒八钱） 麦
芽（五钱）
神曲糊丸。以补药送下。
小柴胡汤（仲景） 治疟往来寒热。
柴胡 黄芩 半夏 人参（各一钱） 甘草（五分）
姜枣煎。加丹皮、山栀。名加味小柴胡汤。加石膏、知母。名柴胡白虎汤。
藿香正气散（方见似中风） 补中益气汤 八珍汤 六君子汤（三方俱见中风） 平胃散（方见暑症）
【大意】
夏季感受暑邪，到了秋季便形成疟疾。（出自经文）“疟”是这类疾病的总称。因为其中包含寒战、高热、突发、剧烈等含义，所以得名。大抵来说，没有痰浊就不会形成疟疾。外感风、寒、暑、湿四气，内动喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊七情，饮食饥饱失调，房事劳伤，都能导致此病。其机理都是中焦气机凝滞，鼓动痰涎上泛，这一点是相同的。（出自《证治汇补》）
【内因】
夏季时，阴气潜伏于体内，阳气浮越于体表。真气被消耗，汗出过多，人们大多感到烦躁口渴。如果过食生冷瓜果，或坐卧在阴凉之地取凉，导致皮肤腠理闭塞紧密，邪气留滞在胃中，聚集成痰。到了秋季，阳气收敛肃降，阴气下行，中焦脾胃的痰气更加壅滞。当胃气运行到痰气所在之处，与之相遇，于是寒热发作。阴阳之气相互胜负消长，所以当卫气运行经过，与邪气暂时分离时，就会有时出汗而缓解。等到邪气与卫气再次聚集，疾病必定再次发作。这是阴阳之气的升降，以及邪正之气的离合所致。（出自《证治汇补》）
【外候】
发冷时，打哈欠伸懒腰，毫毛竖起，咬牙颤抖，喝热水、烤火都不能温暖身体。发热时，头痛脊痛，烦躁想喝冷水，喝冰水也不能使身体凉爽。有的先冷后热，有的先热后冷，有的冷热多少不一，有的只热不冷或只冷不热。（出自《医宗必读·大全》）
【三阳经疟】
太阳经疟疾：腰背头项都疼痛，先冷后热，热退后出汗。阳明经疟疾：眼睛痛、鼻子干、口舌干燥，寒冷非常严重时才发热，发热严重时才出汗，喜欢见火光和日光。少阳经疟疾：口苦、胁肋疼痛且呕吐，寒热往来交替，身体懈怠无力。（出自《医学入门》）
【三阴经疟】
少阴经疟疾：冷少热多，呕吐特别严重，舌头干燥口燥，想关上门窗独自待着。太阴经疟疾：神情凄惨地叹气，腹部胀满、厌恶进食，发病时容易呕吐，吐完病情才会减轻。厥阴经疟疾：腰痛、小腹胀满，小便频数但排尿不畅，心中恐惧不安，腹中郁闷不快。（出自《伤寒指掌》）
【风疟】
凡是疟疾都生于风邪。风疟是因为避暑乘凉时，出汗后当风，关闭了毛孔，热气不能发散而出而致病。所谓夏天中暑不出汗，秋天就形成风疟。症状表现为烦躁、头疼、怕冷、自汗，先热后冷。治疗应当采用发汗法。（出自《证治汇补》）
【寒疟】
纳凉时的风寒，沐浴时的水寒，先潜伏在腠理之间，因秋风凉肃而发作。症状表现为腰背头项疼痛，先冷后热。治疗应当用大汗法。（出自《证治汇补》）
【暑疟】
暑疟的症状是大汗、大烦、大喘、大渴，安静时也胡言乱语，身体像燃烧的炭火一样烫，出汗后症状消散。表现为单热微寒。宜用清暑解表法。（出自《证治汇补》）
【湿疟】
外受雨露侵袭，内停水湿，发作时全身尽痛，手足沉重，呕吐逆气，腹胀满，称为湿疟。宜用解表除湿法。（出自《证治汇补》）
【温疟】
冬季感受风寒，藏匿于骨髓之中，遇到大暑天气，腠理开泄，邪气随汗液一起排出，所以先热后冷，称为温疟。宜用和解法。热多者用小柴胡汤，寒多加桂枝。（出自《证治汇补》）
【瘴疟】
瘴疟是由于山溪间的毒气，湿热蒸熏，邪气郁结在中焦，发作时神志迷闷，甚至狂妄，忽冷忽热，时有时无，身体沉重。不熟悉当地水土的人，常常患此病。严重的会出现心血瘀阻，脾聚痰涎，也有出现失音不能说话的。宜先用吐法祛痰，再用通利大肠法。可用凉膈散，或小柴胡汤加大黄、木香。轻症用藿香正气散。（出自《证治汇补》）
【疫疟】
一个地方老少患病症状都相似。这是因为天时寒热不正，邪气乘虚袭入所致。宜根据时令施治。这是司天运气学说中需要考察的内容。（出自《证治汇补》）
【鬼疟】
鬼疟是因为突然感染尸疰、客忤等邪气，每天发作寒热，梦境不祥，多生恐怖，言语行动异常。俗话说的“夜间发作就是鬼疟”是不对的。宜用祛邪禁压法，或用平胃散加桃仁、雄黄。（出自《医方考》）
【瘅疟】
瘅疟是因为肺中素有热，腠理开发，风寒停留在皮肤之内、分肉之间，发作时阳气盛，气不及于阴，所以只有热而没有寒。（出自《素问》）现在的人素有火症，又夹杂饮食与痰，往往也是只热不寒。均宜用消导清火法。
【痰疟】
痰疟是因为夏季多吃瓜果油面，郁结成为痰，热多寒少，头疼肌肉跳动，吐食呕沫，甚至昏迷突然跌倒。寸口脉浮大的，用吐法；关脉弦滑的，用化痰法。如果胸满热多，大便燥实，用大柴胡汤攻下。（出自《证治汇补》）
【食疟】
食疟又名胃疟，是因为饮食失节，饥饱无常，谷气紊乱，营卫失调，冷过后又热，热过后又冷，寒热交并，嗳气厌恶进食，吃东西则呕吐逆气，胸满腹胀。食物在膈上的，用探吐法；食物停滞未消化的，用消导法；食物已消化但未愈的，用疏解法。（出自《证治汇补》）
【虚疟】
元气本来虚弱，感受邪气患疟，饮食减少，四肢乏力，自汗不止，倦怠嗜睡。有轻微表证的，以人参养胃汤为主。久病不愈，只宜扶正，用六君子汤加柴胡、干葛。不可用劫夺（强行截断）的方法，以免转成其他病症。又有因房事后感受寒邪而成疟的，白天冷得厉害，晚上发热，服药不得汗的，用苍术、川芎、桃仁、柳枝煎汤，浸泡双脚至膝盖，内服补剂，汗必然能发出。又有极度虚弱的人，疟疾发作时，冷不像冷，热不像热，气急神飞扬，精神恍惚，六脉豁大，这是元气衰脱，将有大量出汗、昏晕的危险。应当预防。（出自《证治汇补》）
【劳疟】
过度劳累，营卫空虚，症状为发热恶寒，寒中有热，热中有寒，有的在白天发作，有的在夜晚发作，稍微劳动就发作。必定气虚多汗，饮食减少。还有血虚者，午后发热直到晚上微微出汗才缓解。这像是疟疾又不是疟疾。如果误投治疟药，必然危险，日久变成痨病（虚损重症），除了补益还有什么办法呢？（出自《证治汇补》）
【疟母】
凡是疟疾多年不愈，称为老疟。或因食积、痰涎、瘀血结成痞块，藏在腹胁，作胀且痛，让人多汗，这就是疟母。这是营卫虚损，邪气留着不去。宜养正气，最终自然会化解。如果误用攻削之法，必然导致中满腹胀。务必谨慎。（出自《证治汇补》）
【为热为寒】
人体之中，卫气居外，营血居内。阳邪与营血相争，邪火发于外，就表现为热；阴邪与卫气相争，正气退于内，就表现为寒。表邪多则寒多，里邪多则热多。表里各半，寒热相争。各种疟疾中，只有劳伤、食积、痰火，表现为冷过后又热，热过后又冷，称为寒热相并。（出自《医学入门》）外有瘅疟，只热不寒的，是邪气并于表，则阳盛阴虚，阴虚生内热，阳盛生外热，内外皆热。牝疟，只寒不热的，是邪气并于里，则阴盛阳虚，肠虚生外寒，阴盛生内寒，内外皆寒。这是一定的规律。（出自《证治汇补》）
【阳分阴分】
大体上一日一发，及午后发的，邪在阳分，容易治愈。间日发，及午后夜间发的，邪在阴分，难治愈。如果隔一天，连两天发，或日夜各发一次的，为阴阳俱病。（出自《杂著》）阴分多而阳分少，则发作间隔日子远；阳分多而阴分少，则发作间隔日子近。严重的则内外失守，真邪不分，发作没有定时。（出自《证治汇补》）
【连发间发】
受病重的，邪气内迫于阴分。阴为脏，邪气深，横连募原。募原是五脏空穴的总名，在背部为阳叫募，在腹部为阴叫原。其路径远，其气深，邪气居于内，不能与正气并行，所以间日蓄积后才发作。（出自《医学入门》）有三日一发的，是三阴经疟，病情更深。在子、午、卯、酉日发作的，属少阴经；在辰、戌、丑、未日发作的，属太阴经；在寅、申、巳、亥日发作的，属厥阴经。（出自朱丹溪）
【日轻日重】
时日支干的衰旺，与人身密切相关。甲、丙、戊、庚、壬是天时之阳；乙、丁、己、辛、癸是天时之阴。疟疾久了食欲减退，胃中的正气已孤立无援，而邪气未尽去除。所以在阳日，阳气助正，邪不能胜正，则病情轻；在阴日，阴气助邪，正不能胜邪，则病情重。（出自《证治汇补》）
【日发夜发】
受病轻的，邪气外舍于阳分。阳为腑，邪气浅，客于腠理，与卫气并行，所以一日一发。发作有昼夜的不同，是因为卫气白天行于阳分，夜晚行于阴分。此气得阳气而外出，所以发于日间，因为营卫白天行于背部与脊柱。得阴气而内迫，所以发于暮夜，因为营卫夜晚行于胸部与腹部。
【移早移晏】
邪气客于风府穴，沿脊柱向下。卫气一日一夜，大会于风府。第二天下降一节，所以发作时间推迟（晏）。邪气出于风府，每天下降一节，二十五天下至骶骨。第二十六天进入脊内，注入伏膂之内。其气上行，九天出于缺盆之中。其气日渐升高，所以发作时间日益提前（早）。（出自《内经》）所以正气胜而外出，则发作时间提前，为轻症；邪气胜而入内，则发作时间推迟，为重症。（出自《证治汇补》）
【脉法】
疟疾的脉象自弦。弦数脉多热，弦迟脉多寒。弦虚脉宜补，弦紧脉宜汗。弦而浮大可吐，弦而实紧可下。微弱脉为虚，代散脉则死。如果六脉迟缓，将自愈。
【治法】
无汗须发汗，以散邪为主；有汗当敛汗，以扶正为先。（出自《景岳全书·心法》）邪疟及新发的，可汗、吐、下；虚疟及久病的，宜补气血。稍久且正虚邪滞的，宜一补一发。若深入阴分的，宜先升提后发汗。至于邪乘虚入，则宜先发散祛除客邪，然后扶培胃气。痰食气滞，则先以消导散其壅滞，然后渐补脾元。（出自《证治汇补》）
【避其锐气】
当其邪气旺盛时，必会毁坏；因其衰弱时，事情必然大昌。（出自《内经》）凡疟疾刚发作时，不可服药。必须在未发作前两小时之前服用，否则药病交争，反而加深危害。（出自《证治汇补》）
【截宜权变】
发作数次之后，曾经通过发汗缓解，可以商量截断疗法。时间久了中气越虚，病邪越深。如果脉尚紧盛，邪气正锐，不可轻易截断，恐怕补住邪气，变生他患。（出自《证治汇补》）
【截后宜补】
截断而不愈，不可再截，恐怕损伤正气。宜分辨昼发夜发，寒热多少，以和解法治疗。时间久了脾气虚衰，须服用养脾祛痰的药。脾气一盛，自然平复。（出自《医宗必读·大全》）
【疟病死症】
凡是疟疾发展到呕吐腹泻、不能进食，肿胀归于腹部的，不治。也有峻补人参、附子而获生的，但也仅百中一二。（出自《证治汇补》）
【用药】
主方以二陈汤合小柴胡汤。因寒，加羌活、苏叶；因暑，加黄连、香薷；因湿，加苍术、浓朴；因瘴，加菖蒲、藿香；因食，加山楂、麦芽；因痰，加枳实、胆南星。头疼，加川芎；胸满，加枳壳；口渴，加知母；甚则加石膏，去半夏；呕吐，加藿香。大抵外感寒多，非草果、浓朴不能温散；热多，非柴胡、黄芩不能清解。阳疟无汗，须用苍术、葛根；阴疟无汗，须用升麻、柴胡。阳疟多汗，用人参、白术、黄芪收敛；阴疟多汗，用当归、芍药、乌梅收敛。阳疟三四发后不愈的，用不二饮截断；阴疟数十发不愈的，用补中益气汤提举，加白蔻仁以分邪正而疟自止。脾虚多热的，用清脾饮；胃虚多寒的，用人参养胃汤。其间日发、连两日发的，用八珍汤大补气血。若微寒微热不能遽除，是正气已虚，邪气亦尽，加柴胡、黄芩、鳖甲，于补营卫药中，寻当自愈。
【疟疾选方】
清脾饮（出自《简易方论》）：治疟疾热多寒少，口渴尿赤，脉弦数者。脉滑有力，用苍术；脉濡无力，用白术。
青皮、浓朴（姜炒）、草果、柴胡、黄芩、茯苓、半夏、甘草（炙，各七分）、姜、枣。
不二饮：治疟在阳分，三四发后，体质壮实可截断者。
柴胡、黄芩、常山、知母、芍药、槟榔、青皮、甘草。
水酒各一碗煎，露置一夜，五更时服。忌热茶汤饭一日。
驱疟散（出自《太平惠民和剂局方》）：治疟疾热少寒多，自汗肢冷，脉弦迟者。
前胡、柴胡（各八分）、桂心、桔梗、浓朴、半夏（各六分）、黄芪、干葛、甘草（各四分）、姜、枣。
人参养胃汤：治虚疟食少诸症。
草果、人参、茯苓（各五分）、甘草、橘红（各八分）、浓朴、苍术、半夏（各一钱）、藿香（五分）。
寒多，加干姜、桂枝；热多，加柴胡、黄芩、生姜、乌梅。水煎。
芎归鳖甲汤：治劳疟表虚里损，真元未复，疾虽暂可，少劳复作。
川芎、当归、鳖甲、茯苓、青皮、陈皮、半夏、芍药（等分）。
生姜、乌梅煎。
黄芪鳖甲汤：黄芪（中量）、鳖甲（下量）、何首乌（上量）、陈皮（下量）。
柴胡养阴汤：柴胡（上量）、当归（中量）、陈皮（中量）、知母（下量）。
疟母丸：青皮、桃仁、红花、神曲（各五钱）、三棱、蓬术、海粉（各七钱）、鳖甲（醋制一两）、香附（醋炒八钱）、麦芽（五钱）。
神曲糊丸。以补药送下。
小柴胡汤（张仲景方）：治疟往来寒热。
柴胡、黄芩、半夏、人参（各一钱）、甘草（五分）。
姜枣煎。加丹皮、山栀，名加味小柴胡汤；加石膏、知母，名柴胡白虎汤。
[General Principle]
Summer injury by summer-heat (Shu, 暑). Autumn formation of malaria (Nue, 疟). (From the Classic texts) "Malaria" is the general name for this disease. It is named so because it encompasses meanings of shivering chills, high fever, sudden onset, and severe intensity. Generally speaking, without phlegm turbidity (Tan, 痰), there is no malaria. External contraction of the four qi (Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, Dampness), internal movement of the seven emotions, dietary irregularities (hunger and fullness), and sexual exhaustion can all cause it. The mechanism is essentially the same: stagnation of qi in the middle jiao (Zhongjiao, 中焦) stirring up phlegm fluids. (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Internal Causes]
In summer, yin qi lies latent within, while yang qi floats on the exterior. True qi is consumed, leading to profuse sweating; people often feel irritable and thirsty. If one overconsumes raw or cold fruits and vegetables, or sits/lies in cool places to seek relief, the skin pores and interstices (Couli, 腠理) become closed and tight. Pathogenic factors remain in the stomach, gathering into phlegm. By autumn, yang qi retracts and肃descends, while yin qi moves downward. The phlegm qi in the spleen and stomach (Middle Earth, Zhongzhou, 中州) becomes even more congested. When stomach qi reaches this location and encounters the phlegm, chills and fever arise. Yin and yang qi compete for dominance. Thus, when Wei qi (Defensive Qi, 卫气) passes through and temporarily separates from the pathogen, sweating may occur, providing relief. However, when the pathogen and Wei qi gather again, the illness must recur. This is due to the ascending and descending of yin and yang, and the joining and separating of pathogen and righteous qi. (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[External Manifestations]
During chills: yawning, stretching, gooseflesh, jaw quivering and trembling; hot water and fire cannot warm the body. During fever: headache, spine pain, irritability, desire for cold drinks; ice water cannot cool the body. Some present with chills first then fever, others with fever first then chills. The proportion of chills and fever may vary, or there may be only fever or only chills. (From *Yizong Bidu*)
[Malaria of the Three Yang Meridians]
Taiyang Malaria: Pain in the lower back, back, head, and neck; chills first, then fever; sweating occurs after fever subsides. Yangming Malaria: Eye pain, nasal dryness, dry tongue and mouth; intense chills precede fever; profuse sweating occurs when fever is intense; preference for firelight and sunlight. Shaoyang Malaria: Bitter taste in the mouth, hypochondriac pain, vomiting; alternating chills and fever; flaccidity and weakness of the body. (From *Yixue Rumen*)
[Malaria of the Three Yin Meridians]
Shaoyin Malaria: Few chills, many fevers; severe vomiting; dry tongue and mouth; desire to close doors and windows and stay alone. Taiyin Malaria: Sighing miserably; abdominal fullness, aversion to food; tendency to vomit upon onset; condition improves after vomiting. Jueyin Malaria: Lower back pain, lower abdominal fullness; frequent urination but difficult flow; fearfulness and inadequacy; inner depression in the abdomen. (From *Shanghan Zhizhang*)
[Wind Malaria]
All malaria originates from wind. Wind malaria arises from seeking coolness in summer; when sweating, exposure to wind closes the hair follicles, preventing heat from dissipating. As the saying goes, "Summer heat without sweat leads to wind malaria in autumn." Symptoms include irritability, headache, aversion to cold, spontaneous sweating, fever first then chills. Treatment should employ diaphoresis (sweating method). (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Cold Malaria]
Wind-cold from cooling off, and water-cold from bathing, lie latent in the interstices initially, manifesting due to the cool and austere autumn winds. Symptoms include pain in the lower back, back, head, and neck, with chills preceding fever. Treatment requires heavy sweating. (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Summer-heat Malaria]
Symptoms of summer-heat malaria include profuse sweating, severe irritability, severe panting, and extreme thirst. The patient talks excessively even when quiet. The body feels like burning charcoal; symptoms resolve with sweating. It presents as single fever with slight chills. Treatment should clear summer-heat and release the exterior. (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Damp Malaria]
External exposure to rain and dew, internal retention of water-dampness. Upon onset, the whole body aches, hands and feet feel heavy, with vomiting, regurgitation, and abdominal distension. This is called damp malaria. Treatment should release the exterior and eliminate dampness. (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Warm Malaria]
Wind-cold contracted in winter hides in the bone marrow. When great summer heat arrives, the interstices open and sweat outflows, carrying the pathogen out with the sweat. Hence, fever precedes chills. This is called warm malaria. Treatment should harmonize. For more heat, use Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction); for more chills, add Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Zhang Malaria]
Zhang malaria results from toxic vapors steaming from mountain streams, where damp-heat steams and薰熏s. Pathogens stagnate in the middle jiao. Onset involves mental confusion and dizziness, progressing to madness. Chills and fever come and go intermittently; the body feels heavy. Those unaccustomed to the local environment are prone to this. Severe cases involve blood stasis in the heart and phlegm accumulation in the spleen; some lose their voice and cannot speak. Initially, induce vomiting to expel phlegm, then purge the large intestine. Use Liangge San (Cooling Chest Powder), or Xiaochaihu Tang plus Dahuang (Rhubarb Root) and Muxiang (Aucklandia Root). Mild cases use Huoxiang Zhengqi San (Agarwood and Magnolia Bark Powder). (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Epidemic Malaria]
In one area, young and old suffer similar illnesses. This is caused by abnormal seasonal cold and heat, allowing pathogens to invade due to deficiency. Treatment should follow the season. This relates to the study of Si Tian (Chief Physician of Heaven) and Yun Qi (Luck and Qi). (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Ghost Malaria]
Ghost malaria is caused by sudden infection with corpse transmission (Shizhu, 尸疰) or guest hostility (Kewu, 客忤). Chills and fever occur daily. Dreams are ominous; fear is prevalent; speech and movement are abnormal. The folk belief that "nighttime onset is ghost malaria" is incorrect. Treatment should dispel evil and suppress it using exorcism methods, or Pingwei San (Peaceful Stomach Powder) plus Taoren (Peach Kernel) and Xionghuang (Realgar). (From *Yifang Kao*)
[Dan Malaria]
Dan malaria occurs when the lungs have pre-existing heat, causing interstices to open. Wind-cold lodges between the skin and muscle layers. Onset features vigorous yang qi, which fails to reach yin, resulting in fever without chills. (From *Suwen*) Modern patients with pre-existing fire syndromes, complicated by diet and phlegm, often present with fever without chills. Treatment should use digestion-promoting and fire-clearing methods.
[Phlegm Malaria]
Phlegm malaria results from excessive consumption of fruits, melons, oil, and noodles in summer, leading to phlegm formation. There is more heat than chills, headache, muscle twitching, vomiting of food and foam, and sometimes coma or sudden collapse. If the Cun (Inch) pulse is floating and large, induce vomiting. If the Guan (Bar) pulse is wiry and slippery, transform phlegm. If there is chest fullness, much heat, and dry constipation, purge with Dachaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction). (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Food Malaria]
Also known as Stomach Malaria. Caused by dietary irregularity and inconsistent hunger/fullness, disrupting grain qi and disturbing Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive) qi. Chills return after fever, fever returns after chills; chills and heat intertwine. Symptoms include belching, aversion to food, vomiting upon eating, chest fullness, and abdominal distension. Food lodged above the diaphragm should be expelled by inducing vomiting. Food stagnation not yet digested should be resolved. After food digestion, use dispersing and resolving methods. (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Deficiency Malaria]
Constitutional yuan qi is deficient, contracting pathogen-induced malaria. Reduced appetite, limb fatigue, continuous spontaneous sweating, lethargy, and desire to lie down. If mild exterior symptoms exist, Ren Shen Yang Wei Tang (Ginseng and Stomach-Nourishing Decoction) is primary. If chronic, only tonify righteousness using Liu Junzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) plus Chaihu (Bupleurum Root) and Gange (Kudzu Root). Do not use coercive interception methods, lest they transform into other syndromes. Another type arises from cold invasion after intercourse: severe chills by day, fever by night. If medication fails to induce sweat, soak feet to the knees in a decoction of Cangzhu (Atractylodes Rhizome), Xiong (Ligusticum Rhizome), Taoren (Peach Kernel), and Liu (Willow Branch), combined with internal tonics, and sweat will likely emerge. In extremely deficient patients during malaria attacks, chills do not feel like true chills, fever does not feel like true fever; rapid breathing, scattered spirit, and vague consciousness occur. The six pulses are wide and empty. This indicates yuan qi collapse, risking profuse sweating and fainting. Prevention is necessary. (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Labor Malaria]
Excessive labor depletes Ying and Wei. Symptoms include fever and aversion to cold, heat within chills, chills within heat. Onset may be day or night, triggered by minor exertion. Qi deficiency causes profuse sweating and reduced intake. Blood deficiency causes afternoon fever until evening, resolving with slight sweating. This resembles malaria but is not malaria. Misdiagnosis as malaria is dangerous and may lead to consumptive disease (Zhai, 瘵). Tonification is the only remedy. (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Malaria Mass]
Malaria persisting for years is called old malaria. Food stagnation, phlegm, and blood stasis may form a mass (Pi Kuai, 痞块) stored in the abdomen and hypochondrium, causing distension and pain, with profuse sweating. This is malaria mass. It results from Ying and Wei deficiency with lingering pathogens. Tonify righteous qi, and it will eventually resolve. Mistakenly using attacking/scraping methods will cause abdominal fullness. Be cautious. (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Heat and Chills Mechanism]
Within the body, Wei qi resides externally, Ying blood internally. Yang pathogens contest with Ying, causing fire to flare outward, resulting in heat. Yin pathogens contest with Wei, causing righteous qi to retreat inward, resulting in chills. More exterior pathogens mean more chills; more interior pathogens mean more heat. Exterior-interior balance leads to contesting chills and heat. Among malaria types, only those from labor injury, food stagnation, phlegm-fire exhibit "chills returning to heat, heat returning to chills," termed intertwining chills and heat. (From *Yixue Rumen*) Externally, Dan Malaria presents with heat only, no chills; this is pathogen merging with the exterior, leading to excess yang and deficiency yin. Deficiency yin generates internal heat; excess yang generates external heat, causing heat throughout. Pin Malaria presents with chills only, no heat; this is pathogen merging with the interior, leading to excess yin and deficiency yang. Intestinal emptiness generates external cold; excess yin generates internal cold, causing cold throughout. This is a fixed rule. (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Yang and Yin Divisions]
Generally, daily onset and afternoon onset indicate pathogen in the Yang division; easy to cure. Every-other-day onset and afternoon/night onset indicate pathogen in the Yin division; hard to cure. If skipping one day then two days consecutively, or occurring once day and once night, both Yin and Yang are diseased. (From *Zazhe*) More Yin than Yang means longer intervals between attacks; more Yang than Yin means shorter intervals. Severe cases involve loss of interior-exterior control and indistinction between true and false, with irregular onset. (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Continuous and Interval Onset]
Severe infection pushes pathogens deep into the Yin division. Yin represents Zang organs, so the pathogen is deep, spreading horizontally to the Mu Yuan (Sea of Origin). Mu Yuan is the general name for the empty cavities of the five zang organs. Back is Yang/Mu; abdomen is Yin/Yuan. The path is long, the qi is deep; pathogens reside inside, unable to move with righteous qi, hence accumulating to erupt every other day. (From *Yixue Rumen*) Three-day intervals indicate Three Yin Malaria, deeper still. Onset at Zi, Wu, Mao, You hours belongs to Shaoyin Meridian; Chen, Xu, Chou, Wei hours to Taiyin Meridian; Yin, Shen, Si, Hai hours to Jueyin Meridian. (From Zhu Danxi)
[Daily Lightness and Heaviness]
The waxing and waning of Heavenly Stems relate to the human body. Jia, Bing, Wu, Geng, Ren are Yang stems; Yi, Ding, Ji, Xin, Gui are Yin stems. Chronic malaria with poor appetite leaves stomach righteous qi isolated, while pathogens remain. On Yang days, yang assists righteous qi, so pathogens cannot overcome it, making the condition light. On Yin days, yin assists pathogens, so righteous qi cannot overcome them, making the condition heavy. (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Day vs. Night Onset]
Light infection keeps pathogens in the Yang division. Yang represents Fu organs; the pathogen is shallow, lodging in interstices, moving with Wei qi, hence daily onset. Variations in day/night onset depend on Wei qi: daytime movement in Yang, nighttime in Yin. Receiving yang qi allows outward movement, causing daytime onset (Wei/Nutritive qi travel the back and spine by day). Receiving yin qi causes inward pressure, causing nighttime onset (Wei/Nutritive qi travel the chest and abdomen by night).
[Advancing and Delaying Onset]
Pathogens lodge at Fengfu (GV16), descending along the Du vessel. Wei qi gathers at Fengfu daily. The next day it descends one segment, so onset delays (Yan). Emerging from Fengfu, it descends one segment daily. After 25 days, it reaches the sacrum. On the 26th day, it enters the spine, injecting into the Fulu vessels. Ascending qi emerges from Quepen (ST12) after nine days. As qi rises, onset advances (Zao). (From *Neijing*) Righteous qi victory and outward movement advance onset (lighter); pathogen victory and inward movement delay onset (heavier). (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Pulse Diagnosis]
Malaria pulses are naturally Wiry (Xian, 弦). Wiry-rapid indicates much heat; Wiry-slow indicates much chills. Wiry-deficient requires tonification; Wiry-tight requires sweating. Wiry-floating-large allows vomiting; Wiry-solid-tight allows purging. Weak-thin indicates deficiency; Intermitting-scattered indicates death. If all six pulses are slow-slow, self-healing is expected.
[Treatment Principles]
No sweat requires diaphoresis, focusing on dispersing pathogens. Sweating requires astringing sweat, focusing on supporting righteous qi. (From *Jingyue Quanshu*) Pathogenic malaria and new onset allow sweating, vomiting, purging. Deficiency malaria and chronic illness require tonifying qi and blood. Slightly chronic with deficiency and stagnation requires one tonification followed by one release. Deep penetration into Yin requires lifting first, then sweating. Invasion via deficiency requires dispersing external pathogens first, then supporting stomach qi. Phlegm-food stagnation requires resolving obstruction first, then gradually tonifying spleen source. (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Avoiding Sharp Qi]
When peak, it breaks; when declining, success is assured. (From *Neijing*) Medication should not be given when malaria is just starting. It must be taken two hours before onset; otherwise, medicine and disease contend, worsening the condition. (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Interception Requires Flexibility]
After several attacks and previous sweating resolution, interception methods may be considered. Long duration increases middle qi deficiency and deepens pathogens. If pulses remain tight-full and pathogens are sharp, do not lightly intercept, lest you trap pathogens and cause complications. (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Tonification After Interception]
If interception fails, do not repeat it, fearing qi damage. Differentiate day/night onset and heat/chill ratio, treating with harmonization. Chronic cases involve spleen qi deficiency; use spleen-nourishing and phlegm-resolving herbs. Once spleen qi thrives, recovery follows naturally. (From *Yizong Bidu*)
[Fatal Malaria Syndromes]
Malaria progressing to vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and abdominal swelling is incurable. Rarely, aggressive tonification with Ginseng and Aconite saves one or two in a hundred. (From *Zhengzhi Huibu*)
[Medication Usage]
Base formula: Erchen Tang (Two-Aged Decoction) combined with Xiaochaihu Tang. Due to cold, add Qianghuo (Notopterygium Rhizome) and Ziye (Perilla Leaf). Due to summer-heat, add Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome) and Xiangru (Elsholtzia Herb). Due to dampness, add Cangzhu (Atractylodes Rhizome) and Houpo (Magnolia Bark). Due to Zhang toxin, add Shichangpu (Acorus Rhizome) and Huoxiang (Patchouli Herb). Due to food, add Shanzha (Hawthorn Fruit) and Maiya (Germinated Hordeum). Due to phlegm, add Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange) and Dansheng (Fried Arisaema with Bile). Headache: add Chuanxiong (Szechwan Lovage Rhizome). Chest fullness: add Zhike (Bitter Orange). Thirst: add Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome); severe: add Shigao (Gypsum), remove Banxia (Pinellia Tuber). Vomiting: add Huoxiang. Generally, exterior cold requires CaoGuo (Tsaoko Cardamom) and Houpo for warming dispersion; heat requires Chaihu and Huangqin (Scutellaria Root) for clearing resolution. Yang malaria without sweat requires Cangzhu and Gegen (Kudzu Root); Yin malaria without sweat requires Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome) and Chaihu. Yang malaria with profuse sweat uses Renshen (Ginseng Root), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Huangqi (Astragalus Root) to astringe; Yin malaria with profuse sweat uses Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root), Shaoyao (Peony Root), Wumei (Mume Fruit) to astringe. Yang malaria unrelieved after 3-4 attacks: intercept with Bu'er Yin (Two-Unmatched Decoction). Yin malaria unrelieved after dozens of attacks: lift with Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) plus Baixiaren (White Cardamom Seed) to separate pathogen and righteous qi, stopping malaria. Spleen deficiency with much heat: Qingpi Yin (Clear Gallbladder Decoction). Stomach deficiency with much cold: Renshen Yangwei Tang. Every-other-day or consecutive two-day onset: Bazhen Tang (Eight-Treasure Decoction) to greatly tonify qi and blood. If mild chills/fever persist, indicating exhausted righteous qi and pathogens, add Chaihu, Huangqin, Biejia (Turtle Shell) to nutritive-defensive tonics; self-healing will follow.
[Malaria Selected Formulas]
Qingpi Yin (From *Jianyi Fanglun*): Treats malaria with more heat than chills, thirst, red urine, wiry-rapid pulse. Use Cangzhu if pulse is slippery-forceful; use Baizhu if pulse is soggy-weak.
Qingpi (Green Tangerina Peel), Houpo (Magnolia Bark, stir-fried with ginger), Caoguo (Tsaoko Cardamom), Chaihu (Bupleurum Root), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Fuling (Poria), Banxia (Pinellia Tuber), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried, each 0.7 fen), Ginger, Jujube.
Bu'er Yin: Treats Yang-malaria, interceptable after 3-4 attacks in robust patients.
Chaihu, Huangqin, Changshan (Dichroa Root), Zhimu, Shaoyao, Binglang (Areca Seed), Qingpi, Gancao.
Decoct in water and wine (one bowl each), expose overnight, take at dawn. Avoid hot tea/soup/meals for one day.
Quemie San (From *Heji Ju Fang*): Treats malaria with less heat than chills, spontaneous sweating, cold limbs, wiry-slow pulse.
Qianhu (Peucedanum Root), Chaihu (each 0.8 fen), Guixin (Cinnamon Heart), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), Houpo, Banxia (each 0.6 fen), Huangqi, Gange (Kudzu Root), Gancao (each 0.4 fen), Ginger, Jujube.
Renshen Yangwei Tang: Treats deficiency malaria with poor appetite.
Caoguo, Renshen, Fuling (each 0.5 qian), Gancao, Juhong (Aged Tangerina Peel, each 0.8 fen), Houpo, Cangzhu, Banxia (each 1 qian), Huoxiang (0.5 qian).
More cold: add Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig). More heat: add Chaihu, Huangqin, Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), Wumei. Decoct in water.
Xionggui Biejia Tang: Treats labor malaria with exterior deficiency and interior damage, incomplete recovery of true yuan, recurrence with minor exertion.
Chuanxiong, Danggui, Biejia (Vinegar-processed), Fuling, Qingpi, Chenpi (Citrus Peel), Banxia, Shaoyao (equal parts).
Decoct with Ginger and Wumei.
Sishou Yin: Six Gentlemen Decoction plus Caoguo, Wumei, Ginger, Jujube.
Huangqi Biejia Tang: Huangqi (Medium amount), Biejia (Low amount), Heshouwu (Polygonum Multiflorum Root, High amount), Chenpi (Low amount).
Chaihu Yangyin Tang: Chaihu (High amount), Danggui (Medium amount), Chenpi (Medium amount), Zhimu (Low amount).
Nuomu Wan: Qingpi, Taoren, Honghua (Safflower), Shenqu (Medicated Leaven, each 5 qian), Sanleng (Sparganium Rhizome), Pengzhu (Curcuma Zedoaria Rhizome), Haifen (Calcium Carbonate/Sponge Ash, each 7 qian), Biejia (Vinegar-processed, 1 liang), Xiangfu (Cyperus Rhizome, vinegar-fried, 8 qian), Maiya (Germinated Hordeum, 5 qian).
Form pills with Shenqu paste. Take with tonifying medicine.
Xiaochaihu Tang (Zhang Zhongjing): Treats alternating chills and fever in malaria.
Chaihu, Huangqin, Banxia, Renshen (each 1 qian), Gancao (0.5 fen).
Decoct with Ginger and Jujube. Add Mudanpi (Tree Peony Root Bark), Shanzhi (Gardenia Fruit) -> Named Modified Xiaochaihu Tang. Add Shigao, Zhimu -> Named Chaihu Baihu Tang.
Huoxiang Zhengqi San (See "Resembling Wind-Stroke"), Buzhong Yiqi Tang, Bazhen Tang, Liu Junzi Tang (See "Resembling Wind-Stroke"), Pingwei San (See "Summer Syndrome").