\r女贞实\pd297.bmp\r
味苦、甘，平，无毒。主补中，安五脏，养精神，除百疾。久服肥健，轻身不老。
生武陵川谷，立冬采。
陶隐居云∶叶茂盛，凌冬不凋，皮青肉白，与秦皮为表里。其树以冬生而可爱。诸处时
有。《仙经》亦服食之。俗方不复用，市人亦无识者。唐本注云∶女贞，叶似枸骨及冬青树
等。其实九月熟，黑似牛李子。陶云与秦皮为表里，误矣。然秦皮叶细冬枯，女贞叶大冬茂，
殊
有之。
陈藏器云∶女贞似枸骨。按枸骨树如杜仲，皮堪浸酒，补腰脚令健。枝、叶烧灰淋取汁，
涂白癜风。亦可作稠煎敷之。木肌白似骨，故云枸骨。《诗·义疏》云∶木杞，其树似栗。
一名枸骨。理白滑，其子为木虻子。可合药，木虻在叶中卷叶，如子羽化为虻，非木子。
又云冬青，其叶堪染绯，子浸酒去风血补益，木肌白有纹作象齿笏，冬月青翠，故名冬青。
江东人呼为冻生。李邕又云∶出五台山。叶似椿，子赤如郁李，微酸，性热。与此亦小有异
同，当是两种冬青。日华子云∶冬青皮，凉，无毒。去血，补益肌肤。
图经曰∶女贞实，生武凌川谷，今处处有之。《山海经》云∶泰山多真木，是此木也。
其叶似枸骨及冬青，木极茂盛，凌冬不凋，花细青白色。九月而实成，似牛李子。立冬采实，
曝干。其皮可以浸酒。或云∶即今冬青木也。而冬青木肌理白，纹如象齿，道家取以为简，
其实亦浸酒，去风补血。其叶烧灰，面膏涂之。治瘅瘃殊效，兼灭瘢疵。又李邕云∶五台山
冬青，叶似椿，子如郁李。微酸，性热，与此小有同异，当是别有一种耳。又岭南有一种女
贞，花极繁茂而深红色，与此殊异，不闻中药品也。枸骨木多生江、浙间，木体白似骨，故
以名。南人取以旋作合器甚佳。《诗·小雅》云∶南山有枸。陆机云∶山木，其状如栌。一
名枸骨。理白可为函板者是此也。皮亦堪浸酒，补腰膝。烧其枝叶为灰，淋汁涂白癜风。亦
可作煎敷之。
味苦、甘，性平，无毒。主要功效为补益中气，安定五脏，滋养精神，祛除各种疾病。长期服用可使身体丰满健壮，身形轻盈，延缓衰老。
生长于武陵的河谷地带，立冬时节采集。
陶隐居说：女贞树叶茂盛，经历寒冬也不凋谢，树皮青色，果肉白色，与秦皮互为表里。这种树因为冬天依然生长而令人喜爱。各地偶尔也有出产。《仙经》中也记载可以服用它。但世俗医方不再使用，市场上的人也没有认识它的了。唐本注说：女贞的叶子像枸骨和冬青树等。它的果实九月成熟，黑色像牛李子。陶隐居说它与秦皮互为表里，这是错误的。然而秦皮的叶子细小，冬天枯萎；女贞的叶子宽大，冬天茂盛，差别很大。
陈藏器说：女贞像枸骨。考察枸骨树像杜仲，树皮可以用来浸泡药酒，补益腰脚使其强健。枝条、叶子烧成灰淋取汁液，涂抹治疗白癜风。也可以制成稠厚的煎剂外敷。木质肌理洁白像骨头，所以叫枸骨。《诗·义疏》说：木杞，这种树像栗树。又名枸骨。纹理白滑，它的种子是木虻子。可以入药，木虻子在叶中卷叶，如同子羽化为虻虫，并非木质的种子。又说冬青，它的叶子可以用来染绯红色，果实浸泡药酒可祛风血、补益身体，木质肌理洁白有纹路像象牙笏板，冬天月份依然青翠，所以名叫冬青。江东人称呼它为冻生。李邕又说：产于五台山。叶子像椿树，果实赤红像郁李，味道微酸，性热。这与前述情况小有异同，应当是两种不同的冬青。日华子说：冬青皮，性凉，无毒。能去瘀血，补益肌肤。
图经说：女贞实，生长在武陵川谷，现在到处都有。《山海经》说：泰山多真木，就是这种树。它的叶子像枸骨及冬青，树木极其茂盛，经历寒冬不凋谢，花细小呈青白色。九月果实成熟，像牛李子。立冬采集果实，晒干。它的皮可以浸泡药酒。有人说：就是现在的冬青木。而冬青木质肌理白，纹路像象牙齿，道家取来制作简牍，它的果实也浸泡药酒，祛风补血。叶子烧成灰，调和面膏涂抹。治疗冻疮特别有效，兼能消除瘢痕瑕疵。又李邕说：五台山的冬青，叶子像椿树，果实像郁李。味道微酸，性热，这与前述情况小有同异，应当是另一种。又岭南有一种女贞，花极繁茂且深红色，与此截然不同，没听说作为药品使用。枸骨木多生长在江浙之间，木质体白像骨头，所以以此命名。南方人取来制作旋转器具非常好。《诗经·小雅》说：南山有枸。陆机说：山木，形状像栌树。又名枸骨。纹理白可以作为函板的是这种。树皮也可以浸泡药酒，补益腰膝。烧其枝叶为灰，淋汁涂抹白癜风。也可以制成煎剂外敷。
Nvzhen Shi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi)
Bitter, sweet, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily tonifies the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner), calms the Five Zang Organs, nourishes the Spirit (Shen), and eliminates various diseases. Long-term consumption leads to a robust and healthy physique, lightness of body, and delayed aging.
Grows in the river valleys of Wuling; harvested at Li Dong (Start of Winter).
Tao Hongjing states: The leaves are lush and do not wither through the winter; the bark is green and the flesh white, acting as the exterior counterpart to Qin Pi (Cortex Fraxini). This tree is cherished because it thrives in winter. It appears occasionally in various places. The "Immortal Classics" also record its use for ingestion. However, secular prescriptions no longer employ it, and people in the market are unfamiliar with it. The Commentary on the Tang Materia Medica states: Nvzhen's leaves resemble those of Gou Gu (Ilex cornuta) and Dong Qing (Ilex chinensis). Its fruits ripen in the ninth month, black like ox plums. Tao's statement that it acts as an exterior counterpart to Qin Pi is erroneous. Indeed, Qin Pi has fine leaves that wither in winter, whereas Nvzhen has large leaves that remain lush in winter; they are quite distinct.
Chen Cangqi states: Nvzhen resembles Gou Gu. Examining Gou Gu, the tree resembles Du Zhong (Eucommia ulmoides); its bark can be used to infuse wine to strengthen the waist and legs. Branches and leaves, when burned to ash and leached for juice, applied topically treat vitiligo. It can also be made into a thick decoction for external application. The wood is white like bone, hence the name Gou Gu. The "Exegesis of the Book of Songs" states: Mu Qi, this tree resembles the chestnut tree. Also known as Gou Gu. The grain is white and smooth; its seed is Mu Meng Zi (Seed of Melia azedarach or similar). It can be used in medicine; Mu Meng rolls up leaves, resembling the transformation of Zi Yu into a fly, not a wooden seed. Furthermore, regarding Dong Qing, its leaves can be used to dye crimson; its fruit infused in wine dispels wind and blood stasis while tonifying the body. The wood is white with patterns resembling ivory tablets, and remains verdant in winter, thus named Dong Qing. People in Jiangdong call it Dong Sheng. Li Yong further states: It grows in Mount Wutai. Leaves resemble Toon trees; fruits are red like Prunus humilis, slightly sour, and hot in nature. This differs slightly from the above, suggesting two different species of Dong Qing. Ri Huazi states: Dong Qing bark is cool and non-toxic. It removes blood stasis and nourishes the skin and muscles.
Tu Jing states: Nvzhen Shi grows in the river valleys of Wuling and is now found everywhere. The "Classic of Mountains and Seas" states: Mount Tai has much Zhen Mu, which is this tree. Its leaves resemble Gou Gu and Dong Qing; the tree is extremely lush and does not wither in winter; flowers are small, greenish-white. Fruits mature in the ninth month, resembling ox plums. Harvested at Li Dong and sun-dried. The bark can be infused in wine. Some say: It is the current Dong Qing wood. But Dong Qing wood is white with patterns like ivory teeth; Daoists take it to make bamboo slips. Its fruit is also infused in wine to dispel wind and nourish blood. Leaves burned to ash, mixed with face paste and applied, are particularly effective for treating chilblains and eliminating scars and blemishes. Li Yong again states: Dong Qing from Mount Wutai has leaves resembling Toon trees and fruits like Prunus humilis. Slightly sour, hot in nature; this differs slightly from the above, likely being another variety. Additionally, there is a type of Nvzhen in Lingnan with extremely lush, deep red flowers, which is very different from this and is not heard of as a medicinal substance. Gou Gu wood grows mostly between Jiangsu and Zhejiang; the wood is white like bone, hence the name. Southerners use it to turn vessels, which is excellent. The "Book of Songs · Minor Odes" states: In the South Mountain is Gou. Lu Ji states: Mountain wood, shaped like Tulip tree. Also known as Gou Gu. The one with white grain suitable for making boxes/boards is this one. The bark can also be infused in wine to tonify the waist and knees. Burning branches and leaves to ash, leaching juice, and applying it treats vitiligo. It can also be made into a decoction for external application.