能收人魂魄。今人一云乳母鸟，言产妇死变化作之，能取人之子，以为己子，胸前有
两乳。《玄中记》云∶姑获，一名天帝少女，一名隐飞，一名夜行游女。好取人小儿养之。
有小子之家，则血点其衣以为志。今时人小儿衣，不欲夜露者为此也。时人亦名鬼鸟。《荆
楚岁时记》云∶姑获，一名钩星。衣毛为鸟，脱毛为女。《左传》云；鸟鸣于亳。杜注云∶
嘻嘻（音希）是也。《周礼·庭氏》以救日之弓，救月之矢，射之嘻嘻，即此鸟也。
晦暝则飞鸣，能入人室，收人魂气。一名鬼鸟。此鸟昔有十首，一首为犬所噬，今犹
余九首，其一常下血，滴人家则凶，夜闻其飞鸣，则捩狗耳，犹言其畏狗也。亦名九头鸟。
《荆楚岁时记》云∶姑获夜鸣，闻则捩耳，乃非姑获也。鬼车鸟耳。二鸟相似，故有此同。
《白泽图》云∶苍 ，昔孔子与子夏所见，故歌之，其图九首。
凡鸟自死目不闭者勿食。鸭目白者杀人。鸟三足四距杀人。鸟六指不可食。鸟死
足不伸不可食。白鸟玄首，玄鸟白首不可食。卵有八字不可食。妇人妊娠食雀脑，令子雀目
。凡鸟飞投人，其口中必有物，拔毛放之吉也。
（己酉添加衍义）
\r石蜜\pd417.bmp\r
味甘，平，无毒，微温。主心腹邪气，诸惊痫 ，安五脏诸不足，益气补中，止痛解
毒，除众病，和百药，养脾气，除心烦，食饮不下，止肠 ，肌中疼痛，口疮，明耳目。久
服强志轻身，不饥不老，延年神仙。一名石饴。生武都山谷、河源山谷及诸山石中。色白如
膏者良。
陶隐居云∶石蜜即崖蜜也，高山岩石间作之，色青赤，味小酸，食之心烦，其蜂黑色似
虻。
又木蜜，呼为食蜜，悬树枝作之，色青白。树空及人家养作之者亦白而浓浓味美。凡蜂
作蜜
，皆须人小便以酿诸花，乃得和熟，状似作饴须 也。又有土蜜，于土中作之，色青白，味
酸。今出晋安檀崖者多土蜜，云最胜。出东阳临海诸处多木蜜。出于潜、怀安诸县多崖蜜。
亦有杂木及人家养者。例皆被添，殆无淳者，必须亲自看取之，乃无杂尔。且又多被煎煮，
其江南向西诸蜜，皆是木蜜，添杂最多，不可为药用。道家丸饵，莫不须之。仙方∶亦单炼
服
尔
。今京下白蜜如凝酥，甘美耐久，全不用江南者。说者今自有以水牛乳煎沙糖作者，亦名石
蜜。此既蜂作，宜去石字。后条蜡蜜，宜单称尔。今按陈藏器本草云∶蜜，主牙齿疳 ，唇
口疮，目肤赤障，杀虫。臣禹锡等谨按陈藏器云∶按寻常蜜，亦有木中作者，亦有土中作
者。北方∶地燥，多在土中；南方∶地湿，多在木中。各随土地所宜而生，其蜜一也。崖蜜
别
是一蜂，如陶所说出南方∶岩岭间，生悬崖上，蜂大如虻，房着岩窟，以长竿刺令蜜出，承
取之
，
应
未博闻。今云石蜜，正是岩蜜也，宜改为岩字。甘蔗、石蜜，别出《本经》。张司空云∶远
方∶山郡幽僻处出蜜，所着 岩石壁，非攀缘所及。唯于山顶，篮舆自悬挂下，遂得采取。
蜂去余蜡着石，鸟雀群飞来啄之尽。至春蜂归如故，人亦占护其处。宣州有黄连蜜，色黄，
味
苦。主目热。蜂衔黄连花作之。西京有梨花蜜，色白如凝脂，亦梨花作之，各逐所出。药性
论云∶白蜜，君。治卒心痛及赤白痢，水作蜜浆，顿服一碗止；又生姜汁、蜜各一合，水和
顿服之。又常服，面如花红，神仙方∶中甚贵。治口疮，浸大青叶含之。
图经曰∶蜜（《本经》作石蜜，苏恭云当去石字），生武都山谷、河源山谷及诸山中，今
川蜀
、江南、岭南皆有之。蜡、白蜡，生武都山谷，出于蜜房木石间，今处处有之，而宣、歙、
唐
、邓、伊芳洛间尤多。石蜜即崖蜜也。其蜂黑色，似虻，作房于岩崖高峻处，或石窟中，人不
可到。但以长竿刺令蜜出，以物承之，多者至三、四石，味酸，色绿，入药胜于它蜜。张司
空云∶远方∶山郡幽僻僻出蜜，所着绝岩石壁，非攀缘所及，唯于山顶篮舆，自垂挂下，遂
得采取。蜂去余蜡着石，有鸟如雀，群飞来，啄之殆尽，至春蜂归如旧，人亦占护其处，谓
之
蜜塞。其鸟谓之灵雀。其蜜即今之石蜜也。食蜜有两种，一种在山林木上作房，一种人家作
窠槛收养之，其蜂甚小而微黄，蜜皆浓浓而味美。又近世宣州有黄连蜜，色黄，味小苦。雍
、洛间有梨花蜜，如凝脂。亳州太清宫有桧花蜜，色小赤。南京柘城县有何首乌蜜，色更赤
。并以蜂采其花作之，各随其花色，而性之温凉亦相近也。蜡，蜜脾底也，初时香嫩，重煮
治乃成。药家应用白蜡，更须煎炼，水中烊十数过即白。古人荒岁多食蜡以度饥。欲啖当合
大枣咀嚼，即易烂也。刘禹锡《传信方》云∶甘少府治脚转筋，兼暴风，通身水冷如瘫缓
者，取蜡半斤，以旧帛 绢，并得约阔五、六寸，看所患大小加减阔狭，先销蜡涂于帛上，
看
冷热，但不过烧人，便承热缠脚，仍须当脚心便着袜裹脚，待冷即便易之，亦治心躁惊悸。
如觉是风毒，兼裹两手心。
食疗微温。主心腹邪气，诸惊痫，补五脏不足气。益中止痛，解毒。能除众病，和百药，
养
脾气，除心烦闷，不能饮食。治心肚痛，血刺腹痛及赤白痢，则生捣地黄汁，和蜜一大匙服
，即下。又，长服之，面如花色，仙方∶中甚贵此物。若觉热，四肢不和，即服蜜浆一碗，
甚
良。又能止肠 ，除口疮，明耳目，久服不饥。又，点目中热膜，家养白蜜为上，木蜜次之，
崖蜜更次。又，治癞，可取白蜜一斤，生姜二斤捣取汁。先秤铜铛，令知斤两，即下蜜于铛
中消之。又秤，知斤两，下姜汁于蜜中，微火煎，令姜汁尽。秤蜜，斤两在即休，药已成矣
。患三十年癞者，平旦服枣许大一丸，一日三服，酒饮任下。忌生冷、醋、滑臭物。功用甚
多，世人众委，不能一一具之。雷公云∶凡炼蜜一斤，只得十二两半，或一分是数。若火少
、火过，并用不得。外台秘要∶比岁有病天行发斑疮，头面及身，须臾周匝，状如火疮，皆
戴白浆，随决随生。不即疗，数日必死。瘥后疮瘢黯，一岁方∶灭，此恶毒之气。世人云∶
建武中，南阳击虏，仍呼为虏疮。诸医参详疗之，方∶取好蜜通摩疮上，以蜜煎升麻，数数
拭
之。又方∶阴头生疮。以蜜煎甘草涂之，瘥。肘后方∶丹者，恶毒之疮，五色无常。蜜和
干姜末
鱼
骨鲠、杂物鲠。以好蜜匕抄，稍稍服之，令下。又方∶误吞钱。炼服二升，即出矣。又方∶
汤
火灼
蜜
涂毛孔中，即生黑者。发不生，取梧桐子捣汁涂上，必生黑者。又方∶肛门主肺，肺热即肛
塞
肿
重
。须臾通泄。又方∶治中热油烧外痛，以白蜜涂之。孙真人食忌云∶七月勿食生蜜，若食则
暴下，发霍乱
。取白蜜和茯苓末涂之，七日便瘥矣。食医心镜∶主噫不下食。取崖蜜含，微微咽下
利方》同。伤寒类要∶阳明
病，自汁者，若小便自利，此为津液内竭，虽尔，不可攻
之。取蜜七合，于铜器中微
火煎可丸，捻作一挺，如指许大，
少炼过，熟水温调服，即止。
衍义曰∶石蜜，《嘉 本草》石蜜收虫鱼部中，又见果部。新书取苏恭说，直将石字不
用。
石蜜既自有本条，煎炼亦自有法，今人谓之乳糖，则虫部石蜜自是差误，不当更言石蜜也。
《
是知石蜜字，乃白蜜字无疑。去古既远，亦文本传写之误，故今
人尚言白沙蜜。盖经久则陈白而沙，新收者唯稀而黄。次条蜜蜡故须别立目，盖是蜜之房，
攻治亦别。至如白蜡，又附于蜜蜡之下，此又误矣。本草是续上文叙蜜蜡之用，及《注》所
出州土，不当更分之为二。何者？白蜡本条中盖不言性味，只是言其色白尔。既有黄白二色
，今只言白蜡，是取蜡之精英者，在黄蜡直置而不言。黄则蜡陈，白则蜡新，亦是。蜜取陈
，蜡取新也。《唐注》云∶除蜜字为佳。今详之∶蜜字不可除，除之即不显蜡自何处来。山
蜜多石中，或古木中，有经三、二年，或一得而取之，气味醇浓。人家窠槛中蓄养者，则一
岁春秋二取之。取之既数，则蜜居房中日少，气味不足，所以不逮陈白者日月足也。虽收
之，才过夏亦酸坏。若龛于井中近水处，则免汤火伤，涂之痛止。仍捣薤白相和，虽无毒，
多食亦生诸风。
能够收敛人的魂魄。现在的人有一种说法，称其为“乳母鸟”，说是产妇死后变化而成的，能掠取他人的孩子作为自己的子女，胸前长有两处乳房。《玄中记》记载：姑获，又名天帝少女、隐飞、夜行游女。喜欢掠取人类的小儿来抚养。如果家里有男孩，它就在人家的衣服上滴血点作为标记。所以现在人们给小儿穿衣时，不希望衣服在夜间露天放置，就是出于这个原因。当时的人也称它为鬼鸟。《荆楚岁时记》记载：姑获，又名钩星。披着羽毛变成鸟，脱去羽毛变成女人。《左传》记载：鸟在亳地鸣叫。杜预注释说：嘻嘻（音同“希”）就是这种鸟。《周礼·庭氏》篇中提到用救日之弓、救月之矢射杀嘻嘻，指的就是这种鸟。
天色昏暗时就飞翔鸣叫，能进入人的居室，收走人的魂气。又名鬼鸟。这种鸟过去有十个头，其中一个头被狗咬掉了，现在还剩下九个头，其中有一个头经常流血，滴落到人家就会发生凶事。夜里听到它的飞鸣声，就要扭转耳朵，这是说它畏惧狗的缘故。也叫做九头鸟。《荆楚岁时记》记载：姑获夜间鸣叫，听到后扭转耳朵，那就不是姑获了，而是鬼车鸟。这两种鸟相似，所以有此混淆。《白泽图》记载：苍鹞（此处原文可能有误，结合上下文及《白泽图》通常记载为鬼车或类似神怪，但依原文翻译），过去孔子与子夏曾见过，所以作了歌咏，图中画的是九个头。
凡是自然死亡的鸟，眼睛不闭的，不要食用。鸭眼白色的会致人死亡。脚有三只爪、四个距的鸟会致人死亡。脚趾有六指的鸟不可食用。死时腿脚不能伸直的鸟不可食用。白色身体黑色头部的鸟、黑色身体白色头部的鸟不可食用。卵上有八字纹路的不可食用。妇女怀孕期间吃雀脑，会导致孩子患雀目（夜盲症）。凡是鸟飞扑到人身上，其口中必定含有异物，拔掉羽毛放走它是吉利的。
（己酉年添加《衍义》内容）
石蜜
味甘，性平，无毒，微温。主治心腹间的邪气，各种惊痫病，安定五脏及各类不足之症，益气补中，止痛解毒，消除多种疾病，调和百药，滋养脾气，去除心烦，治疗饮食不下，止住肠澼（痢疾），缓解肌肉疼痛，治疗口疮，使耳目清明。长期服用可增强意志，身体轻健，不感饥饿，延缓衰老，延年益寿如神仙一般。又名石饴。产于武都山谷、河源山谷及各山岩石中。颜色洁白如膏脂的为上品。
陶隐居说：石蜜就是崖蜜，在高山的岩石间由蜜蜂酿造，颜色青赤，味道略带酸味，吃了会让人心烦，酿蜜的蜂黑色，像虻虫一样。
又有木蜜，称为食蜜，悬挂在树枝上酿造，颜色青白。树洞中和人家饲养的也是白色且浓稠美味。大凡蜜蜂酿蜜，都需要人用小便来发酵各种花蜜，才能和熟，状似制作饴糖时的熬煮过程。还有土蜜，在土中酿造，颜色青白，味道酸。现在晋安檀崖出产的多为土蜜，据说最好。东阳临海等地多出产木蜜。潜县、怀安县等地多出产崖蜜。也有混杂在树木中和人家饲养的。大多都被掺假，几乎没有纯正的，必须亲自挑选查看，才没有杂质。而且又多被煎煮过，江南向西各地的蜜，都是木蜜，掺杂最多，不能用于药用。道家制作的丸药饵剂，无不需用此物。仙方中也只是单独炼制服用罢了。现在京城下的白蜜像凝固的酥酪，甘美耐久，完全不用江南产的。有人说现在有用牛乳煎沙糖制作的，也叫石蜜。这既然是蜜蜂所产，应该去掉“石”字。后面的蜡蜜条，应单称即可。现在我参考陈藏器的《本草》，说：蜜，主治牙齿疳蚀，唇口生疮，目肤赤障，杀虫。臣禹锡等人谨按陈藏器所说：按寻常的蜜，也有在木中酿造的，也有在土中酿造的。北方：地干燥，多在土中；南方：地潮湿，多在木中。各自随土地适宜而生，本质都是蜜。崖蜜是另一种蜂，像陶隐居所说，出自南方岩岭间，生在悬崖上，蜂大如虻，巢穴附着在岩窟中，用长竿刺破让蜜流出，承接收取，恐怕见闻不够广博。现在说的石蜜，正是岩蜜，应该改为“岩”字。甘蔗、石蜜，分别出自《本经》。张司空说：远方山郡幽僻之处出产蜜，附着在绝壁岩石上，不是攀爬所能达到的。只能在山顶，用篮舆将自己悬挂下来，才得以采取。蜂离去后留下残余的蜡附着在石头上，鸟雀成群飞来啄食干净。到了春天蜂群归来如旧，人们也会占据保护这些地方。宣州有黄连蜜，色黄，味苦。主治目热。是蜂衔黄连花酿造的。西京有梨花蜜，色白如凝脂，也是梨花酿造的，各随产地不同。《药性论》说：白蜜，为君药。治疗突发心痛及赤白痢疾，用水调成蜜浆，一次性服下一碗即可止住；又用生姜汁、蜜各一合，和水一次性服用。又常服，面色如花般红润，神仙方中非常珍贵。治疗口疮，浸渍大青叶含漱。
《图经》说：蜜（《本经》作石蜜，苏恭说应当去掉“石”字），产于武都山谷、河源山谷及各山中，现在川蜀、江南、岭南都有。蜡、白蜡，产于武都山谷，出于蜜房木石之间，现在到处都有，而宣州、歙州、唐州、邓州、伊州、洛州等地尤其多。石蜜就是崖蜜。其蜂黑色，像虻虫，在岩崖高峻处或石窟中筑巢，人无法到达。只用长竿刺破让蜜流出，用器物承接，多的可达三、四石，味道酸，色绿，入药胜过其他蜜。张司空说：远方山郡幽僻处出产蜜，附着在绝壁岩石上，非攀爬所能及，只在山顶用篮舆垂挂下来，才得以采取。蜂离去后留下余蜡着石，有鸟像雀，成群飞来，啄食殆尽，到春天蜂归如旧，人们也占据保护此地，称之为蜜塞。这种鸟叫灵雀。这种蜜就是现在的石蜜。食蜜有两种，一种在山林木上筑巢，一种人家筑窠槛收养，其蜂很小且微黄，蜜皆浓稠而味美。又近代宣州有黄连蜜，色黄，味微苦。雍州、洛阳间有梨花蜜，如凝脂。亳州太清宫有桧花蜜，色微红。南京柘城县有何首乌蜜，色更红。都是以蜂采集其花酿造而成，各随花色，而其性味的温凉也相近。蜡，是蜜脾的底，初时香嫩，重煮提炼后才制成。药家用白蜡，还需煎炼，在水中熔化十几次就变白了。古人在荒年多吃蜡来度过饥荒。想吃时应配合大枣咀嚼，就容易烂化。刘禹锡《传信方》说：甘少府治疗脚部转筋，兼受暴风侵袭，全身水冷如瘫痪者，取蜡半斤，用旧帛或绢，宽约五、六寸，视患病大小增减宽度，先熔化蜡涂在帛上，试冷热，只要不烫伤皮肤，就趁热缠在脚上，仍需穿上袜子包裹脚，待冷了就更换，也能治疗心躁惊悸。如果感觉是风毒，兼裹两手心。
《食疗》微温。主治心腹邪气，各种惊痫，补五脏不足之气。益中止痛，解毒。能除众病，和百药，养脾气，除心烦闷，不能饮食。治疗心肚痛，血刺腹痛及赤白痢，则生捣地黄汁，和一大匙蜜服用，即见效。又，长期服用，面色如花般鲜艳，神仙方中此物很珍贵。若觉得发热，四肢不和，就服一碗蜜浆，很好。又能止住肠澼，除口疮，明耳目，久服不饿。又，点治眼中热膜，家养白蜜为上品，木蜜次之，崖蜜再次。又，治疗癞病，可取白蜜一斤，生姜二斤捣取汁。先称铜锅重量，放入蜜在锅中融化。再称重量，将姜汁倒入蜜中，用微火煎，直到姜汁耗尽。称蜜的重量，达到预定斤两就停止，药就制成了。患三十年癞病的人，清晨服枣核大一丸，一日三次，酒送下。忌生冷、醋、滑腻臭物。功用很多，世人众多委托，不能一一列举。雷公说：凡炼蜜一斤，只得十二两半，或者一分是定数。如果火小、火过大，都用不得。《外台秘要》记载：近年有病天行发斑疮，头面及身，片刻周匝，状如火疮，都戴白浆，随破随生。不立即治疗，数日必死。痊愈后疮瘢黯黑，一年才消退，这是恶毒之气。世人说：建武年间，南阳抗击虏寇，仍呼为虏疮。各位医生参详治疗它，方子：取好蜜通涂疮上，用蜜煎升麻，多次擦拭。又一方：阴头生疮。用蜜煎甘草涂抹，痊愈。《肘后方》：丹者，是恶毒之疮，五色无常。蜜和干姜末。鱼骨鲠、杂物鲠。用好蜜勺抄，慢慢服用，令其下行。又一方：误吞钱。炼服二升，即排出。又一方：汤火灼伤。蜜涂毛孔中，即生黑者。头发不生，取梧桐子捣汁涂上，必生黑发。又一方：肛门主肺，肺热即肛塞肿重。须臾通泄。又一方：治疗中热油烧外痛，用白蜜涂之。孙真人《食忌》说：七月勿食生蜜，若食则暴泻，发霍乱。取白蜜和茯苓末涂之，七日便痊愈了。《食医心镜》：主治噫气不下食。取崖蜜含，微微咽下。《利方》相同。《伤寒类要》：阳明病，自汗出者，若小便自利，此为津液内竭，虽然如此，不可攻下。取蜜七合，于铜器中微火煎至可丸，捻成一挺，如手指许大，稍加炼制，熟水温调服，即止。
《衍义》说：石蜜，《嘉祐本草》将石蜜收录在虫鱼部中，又见于果部。新书采纳苏恭的说法，直接将“石”字不用。石蜜既然自有本条，煎炼也有自己的方法，现在人称之为乳糖，那么虫部中的石蜜自然是差误，不应再说石蜜。由此可知，“石蜜”二字，乃是“白蜜”二字无疑。距离古代既远，也是文本传写之误，所以现在人还说白沙蜜。大概经久则陈旧变白如沙，新收的只是稀薄而黄。第二条蜜蜡故须另立条目，盖是蜜之房，攻治也不同。至于白蜡，又附在蜜蜡之下，这又是错误了。本草是续上文叙述蜜蜡之用，以及《注》所出的州土，不应再分为二。为什么呢？白蜡本条中本来不言性味，只是言其色白而已。既有黄白二色，现在只言白蜡，是取蜡之精英者，在黄蜡直置而不言。黄则是陈蜡，白则是新蜡，也是这样。蜜取陈的，蜡取新的。《唐注》说：去掉“蜜”字为佳。现在我详细考察：蜜字不可除，除去就不显蜡自何处来。山蜜多在石中，或古木中，有经过三、二年，或一次取得，气味醇浓。人家窠槛中蓄养的，则一年春秋两次取得。取得既频繁，则蜜在房中日少，气味不足，所以不如陈白者日月充足。虽然收藏，刚过夏天也酸坏。若龛于井中近水处，则免汤火伤，涂之痛止。仍捣薤白相和，虽无毒，多食亦生诸风。
Can gather and retain the human soul. Some people today call it "Nursing Bird" (Rumu Niao), saying it is formed from a woman who died in childbirth, capable of taking other people's children to raise as its own, with two breasts on its chest. *Xuanzhong Ji* records: Guhuo (姑获), also known as Heavenly Emperor's Young Maiden (Tiandi Shaonv), Yinfei (隐飞), and Night-Walking Flying Woman (Yexing Younü). It likes to take human infants to raise. If there is a boy in the house, it leaves blood spots on his clothes as a mark. This is why people today do not want children's clothes to be exposed to the night air. People at that time also called it Ghost Bird (Gui Niao). *Jingchu Suishiji* records: Guhuo, also known as Gouxing (Hook Star). Wearing feathers makes it a bird; shedding feathers makes it a woman. *Zuo Zhuan* records: Birds singing at Bo. Du Yu's commentary says: Xixi (sound like 'Xi') is this bird. *Zhou Li · Ting Shi* mentions shooting Xixi with bows for saving the sun and arrows for saving the moon, referring to this bird.
It flies and sings when it is dark, can enter human rooms, and collect human soul qi. Also known as Ghost Bird. This bird once had ten heads; one head was bitten off by a dog, and now only nine remain. One of them constantly bleeds; if the blood drips onto a house, it brings misfortune. Hearing its flight and singing at night, one should twist their ears, indicating its fear of dogs. It is also called Nine-Headed Bird (Jiutouniao). *Jingchu Suishiji* records: When Guhuo sings at night, hearing it and twisting ears means it is not Guhuo, but Guiche Bird (Ghost Car Bird). The two birds are similar, hence the confusion. *Baize Tu* records: Cangying (Cang Ying), which Confucius and Zixia saw in the past, so they sang about it; its picture shows nine heads.
Do not eat birds that die naturally with their eyes open. Ducks with white eyes cause death. Birds with three claws and four spurs cause death. Birds with six toes are inedible. Birds that cannot stretch their legs when dead are inedible. White-bodied birds with black heads, and black-bodied birds with white heads are inedible. Eggs with an "eight" character pattern are inedible. If a pregnant woman eats sparrow brain, it causes the child to suffer from Sparrow Eye (Que Mu, nyctalopia). If a bird flies and throws itself at a person, there must be something in its mouth; plucking its feathers and releasing it is auspicious.
(Added in Jiyou year from *Yanyi*)
Shimi (Rock Honey)
Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic, slightly warm. Mainly treats evil qi in the heart and abdomen, various types of epilepsy and convulsions, stabilizes the five zang organs and addresses deficiencies, tonifies qi and supplements the middle jiao, stops pain and detoxifies, eliminates various diseases, harmonizes hundred herbs, nourishes spleen qi, removes mental restlessness, treats inability to eat or drink, stops intestinal dysentery (Chang Pi), relieves muscle pain, treats mouth ulcers, and brightens the eyes and ears. Long-term consumption strengthens willpower, lightens the body, prevents hunger and aging, and extends life like an immortal. Also known as Shiyi (Rock Maltose). Produced in the valleys of Wudu, Heyuan, and rocks in various mountains. Those white like paste are superior.
Tao Hongjing said: Shimi is cliff honey, made between high mountain rocks, greenish-red in color, slightly sour in taste, causing mental restlessness when eaten. The bees are black and resemble horseflies.
There is also tree honey, called edible honey, made hanging on tree branches, greenish-white in color. Those made in tree hollows and raised by households are also white, thick, and delicious. Generally, bees need human urine to ferment various flowers to produce honey, resulting in a consistency similar to malt syrup production. There is also earth honey, made in the soil, greenish-white and sour. Currently, much earth honey comes from Tan Cliff in Jian'an, considered the best. Dongyang and Linhai areas produce much tree honey. Qian and Huai'an counties produce much cliff honey. There are also mixed trees and household-raised ones. Most are adulterated, rarely pure; one must personally inspect to avoid impurities. Moreover, most are boiled. Honey from west of Jiangnan is mostly tree honey, heavily adulterated, unsuitable for medicinal use. Daoist pills require it. Immortal formulas also use refined single forms. Now, white honey in the capital resembles solidified butter, sweet and durable, completely excluding Jiangnan varieties. Some say it is made by boiling sand sugar with water buffalo milk, also called Shimi. Since this is bee-made, the "Stone" character should be removed. The following entry for wax honey should be called simply. I refer to Chen Cangqi's *Bencao*: Honey treats dental caries, lip and mouth ulcers, red eye obstructions, and kills parasites. Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note Chen Cangqi's statement: Ordinary honey is also made in wood or earth. North: Dry land, mostly in earth; South: Humid land, mostly in wood. Each grows according to local suitability, but the honey is the same. Cliff honey is from a different bee, as Tao described, from southern rock ridges, living on cliffs, bees large as horseflies, nests in rock caves, extracted with long poles. This may indicate limited knowledge. Current Shimi is indeed rock honey, should be changed to Yan (Rock) character. Sugarcane and Shimi are separately listed in *Ben Jing*. Zhang Sikong said: In remote mountainous areas, honey attaches to rock walls, inaccessible by climbing. Only from the mountaintop, lowering oneself in a basket cart, can it be collected. Bees leave residual wax on stones, birds like sparrows flock to peck it clean. In spring, bees return as before, and people protect these sites. Xuanzhou has Coptis Honey, yellow, bitter. Treats hot eyes. Made by bees carrying Coptis flowers. Western Capital has Pear Blossom Honey, white like congealed fat, made from pear blossoms, varying by origin. *Yaoxing Lun* states: White honey is the sovereign herb. Treats sudden heart pain and bloody/dysenteric stools; mix with water as honey soup, drink one bowl to stop; or mix ginger juice and honey, each one he, with water, drink at once. Regular consumption makes face rosy like flowers, very precious in immortal formulas. Treats mouth ulcers by soaking Qing Dai leaves and holding in mouth.
*Tujing* says: Honey (written as Shimi in *Ben Jing*, Su Gong says remove "Stone"), produced in Wudu, Heyuan valleys, and various mountains. Now found in Sichuan-Shu, Jiangnan, Lingnan. Wax and White Wax produced in Wudu valleys, from honeycomb wood/stone, now everywhere, especially in Xuan, She, Tang, Deng, Yi, Lu regions. Shimi is cliff honey. Bees black like horseflies, nest in high cliffs or caves, inaccessible. Extracted with long poles, caught in vessels, up to 3-4 dan, sour taste, green color, better medicinally than other honeys. Zhang Sikong said: Remote mountain honey attaches to sheer rock walls, only collected by lowering from peaks. Bees leave wax, birds peck clean, bees return in spring, people protect sites, called Mi Sai. Bird called Ling Que. This honey is current Shimi. Edible honey has two types: one in forest trees, one in household hives. Bees small and yellowish, honey thick and delicious. Recent Xuanzhou Coptis Honey, yellow, slightly bitter. Yong-Lu region Pear Blossom Honey, like fat. Bozhou Taiqing Palace Juniper Flower Honey, reddish. Nanjing Zhecheng County He Shou Wu Honey, darker red. All made by bees collecting specific flowers, properties warm/cool similar to flower nature. Wax is the bottom of the honeycomb, initially fragrant and tender, becomes usable after repeated boiling. Medicinal use requires White Wax, further refined, melted in water many times until white. Ancients ate wax during famines. To eat, chew with dates to soften. Liu Yuxi's *Chuanxin Fang*: Gan Shaofu treated leg cramps and wind strike, cold limbs like paralysis. Take half jin of wax, old silk cloth width 5-6 cun, adjust size. Melt wax on cloth, test temperature, wrap hot around foot, wear socks over, change when cool. Also treats heart anxiety and palpitations. If wind toxin suspected, wrap hands too.
*Shiliao* slightly warm. Treats heart/abdominal evil qi, epilepsy, tonifies five zang deficiencies. Benefits middle, stops pain, detoxifies. Eliminates diseases, harmonizes herbs, nourishes spleen qi, removes irritability, treats anorexia. Treats abdominal pain, stabbing pain, bloody dysentery: crush fresh Rehmannia juice, mix with one spoon honey, ingest immediately. Long-term use gives floral complexion, precious in immortal formulas. If feeling heat or limb discomfort, drink one bowl honey water, very effective. Stops dysentery, clears mouth ulcers, brightens senses, prevents hunger. For hot eye membranes, household white honey is best, tree honey second, cliff honey third. For Leprosy: Take one jin white honey, two jin ginger, crush to extract juice. Weigh copper pot, add honey to melt. Re-weigh, add ginger juice, simmer gently until ginger juice exhausted. Weigh honey, stop when weight matches. Dosage: Date-sized pill, morning, three times daily, wine wash. Avoid raw/cold, vinegar, slippery/foul foods. Many functions, not fully listed. Lei Gong said: Refining one jin honey yields 12.5 liang. Fire too low/high renders it useless. *Waitai Miyao*: Recent years, epidemic maculopapular rash, head/body, rapid spread, fire-like sores with white pus, fatal if untreated. Scars darken, fade in a year. Evil qi. Called "Barbarian Sore" from Jianwu era battles. Doctors treat: Rub good honey on sores, decoct Shen Ma in honey, wipe frequently. Another formula: Genital sores. Decoct Licorice in honey, apply, heals. *Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*: Dan sore, toxic, five colors change. Mix honey with dried ginger powder. Fish bone/choking object: Spoon good honey, swallow slowly. Swallowed coin: Refined honey two sheng, expels it. Burns/scalds: Apply honey to pores. Hair loss: Walnut juice applied promotes growth. Hemorrhoids/Lung Heat: Lung heat causes anal swelling/blockage. Clear quickly. Heat/oil burn: Apply white honey. Sun Simiao *Shi Ji*: Do not eat raw honey in July, causes acute diarrhea/Huo Luan. Apply white honey with Poria powder, heals in seven days. *Shiyi Xinjing*: Treats belching/anorexia. Hold cliff honey, swallow slowly. *Li Fang* same. *Shanghan Leiyao*: Yangming disease, spontaneous sweating, frequent urination indicates internal fluid exhaustion. Do not purge. Take seven he honey, simmer in copper vessel to pill consistency, shape like finger, refine slightly, take with warm water to stop.
*Yanyi* says: Shimi was in *Jiayou Bencao* insect/fish section and fruit section. New book adopts Su Gong, removing "Stone". Since Shimi has its own entry and refining method, now called lactose sugar, the insect section entry is erroneous. Thus, "Shimi" is undoubtedly "Baimi" (White Honey). Ancient texts corrupted over time, hence "Baisha Mi" (White Sand Honey). Old honey turns white/sandy; new is thin/yellow. Wax entry separate because it is honeycomb structure, processing differs. White wax attached to wax entry is error. *Bencao* continues wax usage and origin notes, shouldn't split. Why? White wax entry lacks flavor/nature, only color. Yellow vs White: White is essence/new, Yellow is old/stale. Honey prefers aged, wax prefers fresh. *Tang Zhu* said remove "Mi" character. I argue: Cannot remove "Mi", obscures origin. Mountain honey in rocks/old wood, aged 2-3 years, rich flavor. Household honey harvested twice yearly, less rich, sours after summer. Store in wells near water to prevent spoilage. Apply to burns/pain. Mix with Scallion White, safe but excessive intake causes wind disorders.