\r干地黄\pd72.bmp\r
味甘、苦，寒，无毒。主折跌绝筋，伤中，逐血痹，填骨髓，长肌肉。作汤除寒热
，积聚，除痹。主男子五劳七伤，女子伤中，胞漏，下血，破恶血，溺血，利大小肠，去胃
中宿食，饱力断绝，补五脏内伤不足，通血脉，益气力，利耳目。生者尤良。
生地黄 大寒。主妇人崩中血不止及产后血上薄心闷绝，伤身胎动下血，胎不落，堕坠
折
，
瘀血，留血，衄鼻，吐血，皆捣饮之。久服轻身不老。一名地髓，一名 ，一名芑。生咸阳
川泽黄土地者佳。二月、八月采根，阴干。（得麦门冬、清酒良，恶贝母，畏芜荑。）
陶隐居云∶咸阳，即长安也。生渭城者乃有子实，实如小麦，淮南七精散用之。中间以
彭城
干地黄最好，次历阳，今用江宁板桥者为胜。作干者有法，捣汁和蒸，殊用工意。而此直云
阴干，色味乃不相似，更恐以蒸为失乎？大贵时乃取牛膝、萎蕤作之，人不能别。《仙经》
亦服食，要用其华；又善生根，亦主耳暴聋、重听。干者粘湿，作丸散用，须烈日曝之，既
燥则斤两大减，一斤才得十两散尔，用之宜加量也。今按陈藏器本草云∶干地黄，《本经》
不言生干及蒸干。方家所用二物别，蒸干即温补，生干则平宣，当根据此以用之。臣禹锡等谨
按
尔雅云∶ ，地黄。注云∶一名地髓，江东呼 （音怙）。药性论云∶干地黄，君。能补虚
损
，温中下气，通血脉。久服变白延年。治产后腹痛，主吐血不止。又云∶生地黄，忌三白，
味甘，平，无毒。解诸热，破血，通利月水闭绝。不利水道，捣敷心腹，能消瘀血。病患虚
而多热，加而用之。萧炳云∶干、生二种，皆黑须发良药。日华子云∶干地黄，助心胆气，
安魂定魄，治惊悸劳劣，心肺损，吐血鼻衄，妇人崩中血晕，肋筋骨，长志。日干者平，火
干者温，功用同前。又云∶生者水浸验，浮者名天黄，半浮半沉者名人黄，沉者名地黄，沉
有
力佳，半沉者次，浮者劣。煎忌铁器。
图经曰∶地黄，生咸阳川泽黄土地者佳，今处处有之，以同州为上，二月生叶，布地便
出似
车
前，药上有皱纹而不光。高者及尺余，低者三、四寸。其花似油麻花而红紫色，亦有黄花者
。其实作房如连翘，子甚细而沙褐色。根如人手指，通黄色，粗细长短不常。二月、八月采
根，蒸三、二日，令烂，曝干，谓之熟地黄。阴干者是生地黄。种之甚易，根入土即生。
一说∶古称种地黄宜黄土，今不然，大宜肥壤虚地，则根大而多汁。其法∶以苇席圆编如
车轮，径丈余，以壤土实苇席中为坛。坛上又以苇席实土为一级，比下坛径减一尺。如此数
级如浮屠也。乃以地黄根节多者寸断之，莳坛上，层层令满，逐日以水灌之，令茂盛。至春
秋分时，自上层取之，根皆长大而不断折，不被 伤故也。得根曝干之。熟干地黄最上出同
州，光润而甘美。南方不复识，但以生地黄草烟熏使干黑，洗之煤尽仍白也。今干之法，取
肥地黄三、二十斤净洗，更以拣去细根及根节瘦短者，亦得二、三十斤，捣绞取汁，投银、
铜器中，下肥地黄浸漉令浃，饭上蒸三、四过，时时浸漉转蒸讫，又曝使汁尽。其地黄当光
黑如漆，味甘如饴糖，须瓷器内收之，以其脂柔喜曝润也。又医家欲辨精粗，初采得以水浸
，有浮者名天黄，不堪用；半沉者名人黄，为次；其沉者名地黄，最佳也。神仙方∶服食地
黄，采取根净洗，捣绞取汁，煎令小稠，纳白蜜更煎，令可丸。晨朝酒送三十丸如梧子，日
三。亦入青州枣肉同丸。又煎膏入干根末丸服。又四月采其实，阴干筛末，水服钱匕，其效
皆等。其花名地髓花。延年方有单服二法。又，治伤折金疮，为最要之药。《肘后方∶》疗
折，
四肢骨破碎及筋伤蹉跌，烂捣生地黄熬之，裹所伤处，以竹简编夹之遍，急缚勿令转动，一
日
一夕，可以十易，则瘥。崔元亮《海上方》∶治一切心痛，无问新久，以生地黄一味，随人
所
食多少，捣绞取汁，搜面作 ，或冷淘食。良久当利，出虫长一尺许，头似壁宫，后不复
患矣。昔有人患此病，三年不瘥，深以为恨，临终戒其家人，吾死后，当剖去病本，果得虫
。置于竹节中，每所食皆饲之，因食地黄 ，亦与之，随即坏烂，由此得方，刘禹锡《传
信方》亦纪其事云∶正元十年，通事舍人崔抗女患心痛垂气绝，遂作地黄冷淘食之，便吐一
物，可方一寸以来，如蛤蟆状，无目、足等，微似有口，盖为此物所食，自此遂愈，食冷淘
不用着盐。
雷公云∶采生地黄去白皮，瓷锅上柳木甑蒸之，摊令气歇，拌酒再蒸，又出令干。勿令
犯铜
铁器，令人肾消并白髭发，男损荣，女损卫也。食疗地黄，微寒。以少蜜煎，或浸食之，或
煎汤，或入酒饮，并妙。生则寒，主齿痛，唾血，折伤。叶可以羹。外台秘要∶张文仲治骨
蒸
方∶生地黄一升，捣取汁，三度捣绞汁尽，分再服。若利即减之，以身体凉为度。千金方∶
治
牙齿根欲动脱。生地黄细锉，绵裹着齿上咂之，渍齿根，日三、四，并咽之。十日，大佳。
肘后方∶治耳中常鸣。生地黄截塞耳，数易之，以瘥为度。一云以纸裹微灰火中煨之用，良
。
百一方∶妊娠漏胎。生地黄汁一升，渍酒四合，煮三、五沸服之，不止又服。又方∶治 犬
咬人
，捣地黄汁饮之并涂疮口，百度止。梅师方∶治堕损筋骨，蹉跌骨碎破。捣生地黄熨热，裹
三
日夜，数易。若血聚，以针决之。又方∶治吐血神效方∶生地黄汁一升二合，白胶香二两，
以
瓷器盛入甑蒸，令胶消服。又方∶治乳痈。捣生地黄汁敷之，热即易之，无不见效也。食医
心
镜∶主劳瘦骨蒸，日晚寒热，咳嗽唾血。生地黄汁二合煮白粥，临熟入地黄汁搅令匀，空心
食
之。博济方治一切痈肿未破，疼痛，令内消。以生地黄杵如泥，随肿大小，摊于布上，掺木
香末于
中，又再摊地黄一重，贴于肿上，不过三、五度。孙兆方∶治鼻衄及膈上盛热。干地黄、龙
脑
、薄荷等分为末，冷水调下。子母秘录小儿患蛊毒痢。生地黄汁一升二合，分三、四服，立
效。产宝∶妊娠下血如月信，通恐胎漏方∶干地黄、干姜等分为末，用酒调方寸匕。抱朴子
∶楚文子服地黄八年，夜视有光，手上车弩。淮南子云∶地黄主属骨。
衍义曰∶地黄，叶如甘露子，花如脂麻花，但有细斑点，北人谓之牛奶子。花、茎有微
细短
白
毛。《经》只言干、生二种，不言熟者。如血虚劳热，产后虚热，老人中虚燥热，须地黄者
，生与生干，常虑太寒，如此之类，故后世改用熟者。蒸曝之法∶以细碎者洗出，研取汁，
将粗地黄蒸出曝干，投汁中，浸三、二时，又曝，再蒸，如此再过为胜，亦不必多。此等与
干、生二种，功治殊别。陶但云捣汁和蒸，殊用工意，不显其法，不注治疗，故须悉言耳
味甘、苦，性寒，无毒。主治跌打损伤导致筋骨断裂，内伤，驱除血瘀阻滞，填补骨髓，促进肌肉生长。煎汤服用可去除寒热邪气，消除体内积聚，治疗痹症。主治男子五劳七伤（泛指多种虚损病症），女子冲任损伤引起的胞宫出血、便血，破除恶血，治疗尿血，通利大小肠，清除胃中积食，恢复体力，补益五脏内部损伤不足，疏通血脉，增强气力，改善视听功能。鲜品效果更佳。
大寒。主治妇女崩漏（非经期大量出血）不止及产后血液上冲心胸导致胸闷窒息，身体受损胎动不安下血，胎盘滞留不下，坠跌骨折，瘀血停留，鼻出血，吐血，均捣烂取汁饮用。长期服用可使身体轻盈、延缓衰老。又名地髓，又名[缺字]，又名芑。生长在咸阳沼泽黄土地中的品质最佳。二月、八月采集根部，阴干。（与麦门冬、清酒同用效果好，忌贝母，畏芜荑。）
陶隐居说：咸阳即长安。生长在渭城的有种子，种子像小麦，淮南七精散中使用它。中间以彭城产的干地黄最好，其次是历阳的，现在使用江宁板桥产的质量更好。制作干地黄有特定方法，捣汁混合后蒸制，非常讲究工艺。而这里只说阴干，颜色和味道都不相似，更担心是以蒸制为错误吗？权贵时期有人用牛膝、萎蕤冒充，人们无法分辨。《仙经》也用于服食，主要取其花；又善于生根，也主治突发耳聋、听力减退。干地黄粘湿，制成丸散使用，必须在烈日下暴晒，干燥后重量减少一半以上，一斤只能得到十两粉末，使用时应增加剂量。现在考证陈藏器《本草》说：干地黄，《本经》未说明是生干还是蒸干。方家所用的两种不同，蒸干的则温补，生干的则平和宣散，应当根据此来使用。臣禹锡等谨按：《尔雅》说：[缺字]，地黄。注解说：又名地髓，江东称[缺字]（音怙）。《药性论》说：干地黄，为君药。能补虚损，温中下气，通血脉。长期服用使头发变白并延年益寿。治疗产后腹痛，主治吐血不止。又说：生地黄，忌三白，味甘，平，无毒。解各种热邪，破血，通调月经闭绝。不利水道，捣烂敷于心腹，能消除瘀血。病患虚弱且多热者，加入使用。萧炳说：干、生两种，都是使头发变黑的良药。日华子说：干地黄，助心胆之气，安魂定魄，治疗惊悸劳损，心肺损伤，吐血鼻衄，妇女崩中血晕，肋部筋骨疼痛，增长志气。日晒的性平，火烤的性温，功效同前。又说：鲜品用水浸泡检验，浮起的名天黄，半浮半沉的名人黄，沉底的地黄，沉底的效力佳，半沉的次之，浮起的劣。煎煮忌用铁器。
《图经》说：地黄，生长在咸阳沼泽黄土地中的品质最佳，现在到处都有，以同州产的上品，二月生叶，贴地长出似车前草，药上有皱纹而不光滑。高的及一尺多，低的三、四寸。其花像油麻花而呈红紫色，也有黄花的。果实像连翘，种子很细且呈沙褐色。根像人的手指，通黄色，粗细长短不固定。二月、八月采根，蒸二、三日，使其软烂，晒干，称为熟地黄。阴干的是生地黄。种植很容易，根入土即生。一说：古时称种植地黄宜用黄土，现在不是这样，大宜肥沃疏松的土地，则根大而多汁。其法：用芦苇席圆编如车轮，直径一丈多，用壤土填满苇席中作为坛。坛上又以苇席填土作为一级，比下层坛径减少一尺。如此数级如佛塔状。然后将地黄根节多的切成寸断，栽种在坛上，层层填满，逐日以水浇灌，使其茂盛。到春秋分时，从上层采摘，根都长大而不断折，不被虫伤的缘故。得到根后晒干。熟干地黄最上品出自同州，光洁润泽且甘美。南方不再知晓，只用生地黄草烟熏使其干黑，洗去煤迹仍白。现在的干制方法，取肥地黄三、二十斤洗净，再拣去细根及根节瘦短者，也得二、三十斤，捣绞取汁，投入银、铜器中，放入肥地黄浸漉使其透彻，饭上蒸三、四次，时时浸漉转蒸完毕，又晒使汁液尽。其地黄当光黑如漆，味甘如饴糖，须在瓷器内收藏，因其脂柔喜曝润。又医家想辨别精粗，初采得用水浸泡，有浮起的名天黄，不堪用；半沉的名人黄，为次；其沉底的名地黄，最佳也。神仙方：服食地黄，采取根洗净，捣绞取汁，煎至稍稠，加入白蜜再煎，令可制丸。早晨酒送三十丸如梧桐子大，每日三次。也可加入青州枣肉同制丸。又煎膏加入干根末制丸服用。又四月采其实，阴干筛末，水服钱匕大小，其效都一样。其花名地髓花。延年方有单服二法。又，治疗伤折金疮，是最要之药。《肘后方》：治疗骨折，四肢骨破碎及筋伤蹉跌，烂捣生地黄熬之，裹所伤处，以竹简编夹之遍，急缚勿令转动，一日一夕，可以十易，则瘥。崔元亮《海上方》：治一切心痛，无问新久，以生地黄一味，随人所食多少，捣绞取汁，搜面作[缺字]，或冷淘食。良久当利，出虫长一尺许，头似壁宫，后不复患矣。昔有人患此病，三年不瘥，深以为恨，临终戒其家人，吾死后，当剖去病本，果得虫。置于竹节中，每所食皆饲之，因食地黄[缺字]，亦与之，随即坏烂，由此得方，刘禹锡《传信方》亦纪其事云：正元十年，通事舍人崔抗女患心痛垂气绝，遂作地黄冷淘食之，便吐一物，可方一寸以来，如蛤蟆状，无目、足等，微似有口，盖为此物所食，自此遂愈，食冷淘不用着盐。
雷公说：采生地黄去白皮，瓷锅上柳木甑蒸之，摊令气歇，拌酒再蒸，又出令干。勿令犯铜铁器，令人肾消并白髭发，男损荣，女损卫也。食疗地黄，微寒。以少蜜煎，或浸食之，或煎汤，或入酒饮，并妙。生则寒，主齿痛，唾血，折伤。叶可以羹。外台秘要：张文仲治骨蒸方：生地黄一升，捣取汁，三度捣绞汁尽，分再服。若利即减之，以身体凉为度。千金方：治牙齿根欲动脱。生地黄细锉，绵裹着齿上咂之，渍齿根，日三、四，并咽之。十日，大佳。肘后方：治耳中常鸣。生地黄截塞耳，数易之，以瘥为度。一云以纸裹微灰火中煨之用，良。百一方：妊娠漏胎。生地黄汁一升，渍酒四合，煮三、五沸服之，不止又服。又方：治狂犬咬人，捣地黄汁饮之并涂疮口，百度止。梅师方：治堕损筋骨，蹉跌骨碎破。捣生地黄熨热，裹三日夜，数易。若血聚，以针决之。又方：治吐血神效方：生地黄汁一升二合，白胶香二两，以瓷器盛入甑蒸，令胶消服。又方：治乳痈。捣生地黄汁敷之，热即易之，无不见效也。食医心镜：主劳瘦骨蒸，日晚寒热，咳嗽唾血。生地黄汁二合煮白粥，临熟入地黄汁搅令匀，空心食之。博济方治一切痈肿未破，疼痛，令内消。以生地黄杵如泥，随肿大小，摊于布上，掺木香末于中，又再摊地黄一重，贴于肿上，不过三、五度。孙兆方：治鼻衄及膈上盛热。干地黄、龙脑、薄荷等分为末，冷水调下。子母秘录小儿患蛊毒痢。生地黄汁一升二合，分三、四服，立效。产宝：妊娠下血如月信，通恐胎漏方：干地黄、干姜等分为末，用酒调方寸匕。抱朴子：楚文子服地黄八年，夜视有光，手上车弩。淮南子云：地黄主属骨。
衍义曰：地黄，叶如甘露子，花如脂麻花，但有细斑点，北人谓之牛奶子。花、茎有微细短白毛。《经》只言干、生二种，不言熟者。如血虚劳热，产后虚热，老人中虚燥热，须地黄者，生与生干，常虑太寒，如此之类，故后世改用熟者。蒸曝之法：以细碎者洗出，研取汁，将粗地黄蒸出曝干，投汁中，浸三、二时，又曝，再蒸，如此再过为胜，亦不必多。此等与干、生二种，功治殊别。陶但云捣汁和蒸，殊用工意，不显其法，不注治疗，故须悉言耳
Dry Rehmanniae Radix (Sheng Di Huang)
Sweet and bitter in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats fractures and dislocations damaging tendons and bones, internal injuries, expels blood stasis, fills the marrow, and promotes muscle growth. Decoction removes cold-heat pathogens, dissipates accumulations, and treats Bi syndrome (painful obstruction). It treats the five types of exhaustion and seven kinds of injuries in men, and uterine bleeding due to deficiency in women, hematochezia, breaks down evil blood, treats hematuria, unblocks the large and small intestines, eliminates retained food in the stomach, restores strength, tonifies deficiencies of the five Zang organs, unblocks the vessels and collaterals, benefits Qi and strength, and improves hearing and vision. Fresh root is especially effective.
Fresh Rehmanniae Radix (Shu Di Huang)
Greatly cold. Primarily treats metrorrhagia (heavy uterine bleeding) that does not stop in women, postpartum blood rushing to the heart causing chest tightness and syncope, fetal movement with bleeding due to body damage, retained placenta, traumatic fractures from falls, stagnant blood, epistaxis, and hematemesis; all are treated by crushing and drinking the juice. Long-term use makes the body light and delays aging. Also known as Di Sui (Earth Marrow), also known as [Character Missing], also known as Qi. The best quality grows in the yellow soil swamps of Xianyang. Roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the shade. (Works well with Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong) and clear wine; incompatible with Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu); fears Myrobalan (Wuyi).)
Tao Hongjing said: Xianyang is Chang'an. Those grown in Weicheng have seeds like wheat, used in Huainan Qijing San. Among them, Dry Rehmanniae Radix from Pengcheng is the best, followed by Liyang; currently, those from Banqiao in Jiangning are superior. There is a specific method for making dry roots: crushing the juice and steaming it requires great craftsmanship. However, this text only mentions drying in the shade, where color and taste differ, raising doubts about whether steaming is incorrect? During times of high value, people used Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Niuxi) and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma (Ruyu) to imitate it, which people could not distinguish. The "Immortal Classic" also uses it for ingestion, primarily using its flowers; it also takes root easily and treats sudden deafness and hearing loss. Dry Rehmanniae Radix is sticky and moist; when made into pills and powders, it must be sun-dried intensely. After drying, the weight reduces by more than half; one jin yields only ten liang of powder, so dosage should be increased. Current research based on Chen Cangqi's Materia Medica states: The "Classic of Materia Medica" does not specify whether Dry Rehmanniae Radix is air-dried or steamed-dried. Practitioners distinguish between the two: steamed-dried is warm and tonifying, while air-dried is neutral and dispersing; usage should follow this distinction. Ministers Yuxi et al. respectfully note: The "Erya" states: [Character Missing], Dihuang. Annotation says: Also known as Di Sui, in Jiangdong called [Character Missing] (sound Hu). "Pharmacological Properties" states: Dry Rehmanniae Radix is the sovereign herb. It can tonify deficiency and injury, warm the middle and direct Qi downward, and unblock vessels. Long-term use whitens hair and prolongs life. Treats postpartum abdominal pain and persistent hematemesis. It also states: Fresh Rehmanniae Radix is contraindicated with "Three Whites," sweet in flavor, neutral, non-toxic. Clears various heat pathogens, breaks blood, regulates amenorrhea. Does not promote urination; crushed and applied to the abdomen can eliminate blood stasis. Added for patients with deficiency and excessive heat. Xiao Bing said: Both dry and fresh types are excellent medicines for blackening hair. Ri Huazi said: Dry Rehmanniae Radix assists Heart and Gallbladder Qi, calms the soul and stabilizes the spirit, treats palpitations and exhaustion, Heart and Lung damage, hematemesis and epistaxis, women's metrorrhagia and fainting, rib and bone pain, and enhances willpower. Sun-dried is neutral, fire-dried is warm, with similar functions. It also states: Fresh roots tested in water: floating ones are named Tianhuang (Heaven Yellow), half-floating/half-sinking are Renhuang (Human Yellow), sinking ones are Dihuang (Earth Yellow). Sinking ones have the best efficacy, half-sinking are secondary, floating are inferior. Iron vessels are forbidden during decoction.
"Tujing" (Illustrated Records) states: Dihuang grows best in the yellow soil swamps of Xianyang; now it is found everywhere, with Tongzhou being the premium source. Leaves emerge in February, spreading on the ground resembling Plantaginis Seed (Cheqiancao), with wrinkled but not smooth stems. Tall plants reach over one chi, short ones three to four cun. Flowers resemble Rapeseed flowers but are red-purple, some are yellow. Fruits resemble Forsythiae Fructus (Lianqiao), seeds are very fine and sandy-brown. Roots resemble human fingers, uniformly yellow, varying in thickness and length. Roots are harvested in February and August, steamed for two to three days until soft, then sun-dried, called Shu Dihuang (Prepared Rehmannia). Air-dried is Sheng Dihuang (Fresh/Unprepared Rehmannia). Cultivation is easy; roots sprout upon entering soil. One theory states: Ancient texts claimed planting Dihuang required yellow soil, but now fertile, loose soil is preferred, yielding larger, juicier roots. Method: Weave reed mats into circles like wheels, over one zhang in diameter, fill with loam to form a mound. Place another layer of reed mat filled with soil on top, reducing the diameter by one chi compared to the lower level. Repeat several levels like a pagoda. Cut Dihuang roots with many nodes into inch-long pieces, plant them on the mound, filling layers, watering daily to ensure lush growth. Harvest from the top level at Spring and Autumn Equinoxes; roots grow large without breaking because they are not damaged by insects. Dry the harvested roots. Prepared dry Dihuang from Tongzhou is the finest, glossy, moist, and sweet. This knowledge is lost in the South; they only smoke fresh Dihuang grass to dry it black, washing off the soot to reveal white. Current drying method: Take 30-20 jin of plump Dihuang, wash cleanly, remove fine roots and short nodes, retaining 20-30 jin. Crush and extract juice, pour into silver or copper vessels, soak the plump Dihuang thoroughly, steam over rice for three to four cycles, alternating soaking and steaming, then sun-dry until juice is exhausted. The resulting Dihuang should be glossy black like lacquer and sweet like maltose; store in porcelain jars as it is oily and prone to moisture. To distinguish quality, practitioners test fresh roots in water: floating Tianhuang is inferior; half-sinking Renhuang is secondary; sinking Dihuang is best. Immortal Formula: For ingesting Dihuang, clean roots, crush and extract juice, simmer until slightly thick, add white honey and simmer again to make pills. Take thirty pills (size of wutong seeds) with morning wine, three times daily. Can also mix with Qingzhou jujube flesh. Alternatively, make paste with powdered dry root. In April, harvest fruits, dry in shade, sift into powder, take with water (size of a coin scoop); efficacy is equal. Flowers are called Disui Hua. Longevity Formulas have two single-herb methods. Also, it is the most important herb for treating trauma and metal wounds. "Zhouhou Beiji Fang": Treats fractures, shattered limbs, and tendon injuries from falls. Crush fresh Dihuang, apply to injury, wrap with bamboo splints, bind tightly to prevent movement, change ten times a day and night, heals quickly. Cui Yuanliang's "Haishang Fang": Treats all types of heart pain, new or old. Use fresh Dihuang alone, amount depending on diet, crush and extract juice, mix with flour to make [Dough/Paste], or eat as cold noodles. After some time, diarrhea occurs, expelling a worm about one chi long, head resembling a wall cavity, preventing recurrence. A person suffered from this for three years, regretting it deeply, instructed family to dissect his body after death to find the cause; indeed, a worm was found. Kept in a bamboo joint, fed with every meal, including Dihuang dough, which rotted. From this, the formula was derived. Liu Yuxi's "Chuanxin Fang" records this: In Zhengyuan Year 10, Cui Kang's daughter, a Tongshi Sheren, suffered severe heart pain nearing death. She ate Dihuang cold noodles and vomited an object about one cun square, resembling a frog, without eyes or feet, with a slight mouth opening. It had eaten her, and she recovered thereafter. Cold noodles should not contain salt.
Lei Gong said: Harvest fresh Dihuang, remove white skin, steam in willow wood steamer over porcelain pot, spread to cool, mix with wine, steam again, then dry. Avoid copper and iron vessels, as they cause Kidney depletion and white beard/hair, damaging Ying in men and Wei in women. Dietary Therapy Dihuang is slightly cold. Simmer with little honey, soak and eat, decoct as soup, or drink in wine, all excellent. Raw is cold, treats toothache, spitting blood, and trauma. Leaves can be used in soup. "Waitai Miyao": Zhang Wenzhong's formula for Bone-steaming Fever: Fresh Dihuang one sheng, crush to extract juice, crush and squeeze three times until juice is gone, divide into two doses. Reduce dose if diarrhea occurs, stop when body temperature cools. "Qianjin Fang": Treats loose teeth roots. Finely chop fresh Dihuang, wrap in silk, place on teeth and suck, soak tooth roots, three to four times daily, swallow together. Excellent after ten days. "Zhouhou Fang": Treats constant ringing in ears. Cut fresh Dihuang and plug into ear, change frequently, stop when healed. Another method: Wrap in paper and bake in mild ash fire, effective. "Baiyi Fang": Pregnancy leaking fetus. Fresh Dihuang juice one sheng, soak in four he of wine, boil three to five boils, take; if not stopped, take again. Another formula: Treats rabid dog bites. Crush fresh Dihuang juice, drink and apply to wound, stops bleeding after many applications. "Meishi Fang": Treats traumatic bone and tendon injuries, shattered bones. Crush fresh Dihuang, apply hot, wrap for three days and nights, change frequently. If blood pools, puncture with needle. Another formula: Divine effect for hematemesis. Fresh Dihuang juice one sheng two he, Bai Jiao Xiang (Dragon's Blood Resin) two liang, place in porcelain vessel, steam in steamer until resin melts, take. Another formula: Treats mastitis. Crush fresh Dihuang juice, apply, change when hot, always effective. "Shiyi Xinjing": Treats consumption with bone-steaming fever, evening chills and fevers, coughing up blood. Fresh Dihuang juice two he, cook white porridge, add Dihuang juice near completion, stir evenly, eat on empty stomach. "Boji Fang" treats all unruptured carbuncles and swelling with pain, promoting internal resolution. Pound fresh Dihuang into mud, spread on cloth according to swelling size, sprinkle Mugwort Powder (Muxiang) in middle, cover with another layer of Dihuang, apply to swelling, no more than three to five applications. Sun Zhao's Formula: Treats epistaxis and excess heat above diaphragm. Dry Dihuang, Long Nao (Borneol), Bohe (Mint) in equal parts, powder, mix with cold water and take. "Zimu Milu": Children suffering from Gu Poison Dysentery. Fresh Dihuang juice one sheng two he, divide into three to four doses, immediate effect. "Chanbao": Pregnancy bleeding like menstruation, fearing fetal leakage. Dry Dihuang, Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) in equal parts, powder, mix with wine, take one cun bi. "Baopuzi": Chu Wenzi ingested Dihuang for eight years, could see light at night, carried crossbow on hand. "Huainanzi" states: Dihuang governs bones.
"Yanyi" states: Dihuang leaves resemble Ganluzi, flowers resemble Lipama flower but with fine spots, Northerners call it Niunai Zi. Flowers and stems have fine short white hairs. The "Classic" only mentions dry and fresh types, not prepared. For blood deficiency with labor fever, postpartum deficiency heat, elderly middle-jiao deficiency dry heat, requiring Dihuang, raw and air-dried are often feared to be too cold; thus later generations switched to prepared Dihuang. Steaming and drying method: Wash fine pieces, grind to extract juice, steam coarse Dihuang and dry, add juice, soak for two to three hours, dry again, steam again; repeating this is superior, but not necessary to do excessively. These differ significantly in function and treatment from dry and fresh types. Tao only mentioned crushing juice and steaming, emphasizing craftsmanship but not detailing the method or treatments, hence the need for complete explanation.