\r术\pd73.bmp\r
味苦、甘，温，无毒。主风寒湿痹，死肌痉（巨井切）疸，止汗除热，消食。主大风在
身
面，风眩头痛，目泪出，消痰水，逐皮间风水结肿，除心下急满及霍乱吐下不止，利腰脐间
血，益津液，暖胃，消谷，嗜食。作煎饵，久服轻身、延年、不饥。一名山蓟，一名山姜，
一名山连。生郑山山谷、汉中、南郑。二月、三月、八月、九月采根，曝干。（防风、地榆
为之使。）
陶隐居云∶郑山即南郑也，今处处有，以蒋山、白山、茅山者为胜。十一月、十二月、
正月
、二月采好，多脂膏而甘。《仙经》云∶亦能除恶气，弭灾疹。丸散煎饵并有法。其苗又可
作
饮，甚香美，去水。术乃有两种∶白术，叶大有毛而作桠，根甜而少膏，可作丸散用。赤术
，
叶细无桠，根小苦而多膏，可作煎用。昔刘涓子挪取其精而丸之，名守中金丸，可以长生。
东境术大而无气烈，不任用。今市人卖者，皆以米粉涂令白，非自然，用时宜刮去之。臣禹
锡等谨按吴氏本草云∶术，一名山芥，一名天苏。尔雅云∶术，山蓟。注∶今术似蓟而生
山
中。疏云∶生平地者即名蓟，生山中者名术。抱朴子云∶术，一名山精，故神农药经曰∶必
欲长生，常服山精。药性论云∶白术，君，忌桃、李、雀肉、菘菜、青鱼。味甘、辛，无毒
。能主大风 痹，多年气痢，心腹胀痛，破消宿食，开胃，去痰涎，除寒热，止下泄，主面
光悦，驻颜去 ，治水肿胀满，止呕逆，腹内冷痛，吐泻不住及胃气虚，冷痢。日华子云∶
术，治一切风疾，五劳七冷，冷气腹胀，补腰膝，消痰，治水气，利小便，止反胃呕逆及筋
骨弱软， 癖气块，妇人冷，症瘕，温疾，山岚瘴气，除烦，长肌。用米泔浸一宿，入药如
常用，又名吃力伽。苍者去皮。
图经曰∶术，生郑山山谷、汉中、南郑，今处处有之，以嵩山、茅山者为佳。春生苗，
青色
无
桠。一名山蓟，以其叶似蓟也。茎作蒿干状，青赤色，长三、二尺以来。夏开花，紫碧色，
亦似刺蓟花，或有黄白花者。入伏后结子，至秋而苗枯。根似姜而旁有细根，皮黑，心黄白
色，中有膏液紫色。二月、三月、八月、九月采，曝干。干湿并通用，今八月采之。服食家
多单饵之，或合白茯苓，或合石菖蒲，并捣末，旦日水调服，晚再进。久久弥佳又 取生术
，去土，水浸再三，煎如饴糖，酒调饮之更善，今茅山所制术煎，是此法也。陶隐居云∶昔
者刘涓子挪取其精而丸之，名守中金丸。今传其法乃是膏煎，恐非真尔。谨按∶术有二种
，
《尔雅》云∶术，山蓟、杨抱（音孚）蓟。释曰∶此辨蓟生山中及平地者名也，生平地者名
蓟
，
生山中名术。陶注本草云∶白术叶大而有毛，甜而少膏，赤术细苦而多膏是也。其生平地而
肥大于众者，名杨抱蓟，今呼之马蓟，然则杨抱即白术也。今白术生杭、越、舒、宣州高山
岗上，叶叶相对，上有毛，方茎，茎端生花，淡紫碧红数色，根作桠生。二月、三月、八月
、九月采根，曝干。以大块紫花者为胜，又名乞力伽。凡古方云术者，乃白术也。非谓今之
术矣。
唐本云∶利小便，及用苦酒渍之。用拭面 ，极效。圣惠方∶治雀目，不计时月。和
苍术
二两
，捣罗为散，每服一钱，不计时候。以好羊子肝一个，用竹刀子批破，掺药在内，麻绳缠定
。以粟米泔一大盏，煮熟为度，患人先熏眼药，气绝即吃之。《简要济众》亦治小儿雀目。
外台秘要∶疗忽头眩晕，经久不瘥，四体渐羸，食无味，好食黄土。术三斤，曲三斤，捣筛
，
酒和，并丸如梧桐子大，曝干。饮服二十丸，忌桃、李、雀、蛤，日三服。千金方∶治中风
口
噤不知人。术四两，酒三升，煮取一升，顿服。又方∶疗烦闷。白术末，水调服方寸匕。经
验方∶
乌髭鬓，驻颜色，壮筋骨，明耳目，除风气，润肌肤。久服令人轻健。苍术不计多少，用
米泔水浸三、两日，逐日换水，候满日取出，刮去黑皮，切作片子，曝干，用慢火炒令黄色
，细捣末，每一斤末，用蒸过茯苓半斤，炼蜜为丸，如梧桐子大。空心卧时温熟水下十五丸
。别用术末六两，甘草末一两，拌和匀，作汤点之，下术丸妙。忌桃、李、雀、蛤及三白。
又方∶治内外障眼。苍术四两，米泔浸七日，逐日换水后，刮去黑皮细切，入青盐一两同炒
，
黄色为度，去盐不用，木贼二两，以童子小便浸一宿，水淘焙干，同捣为末。每日不计时候
，
但饮食菜蔬内，调下一钱匕服，甚验。梅师方∶治心下有水。白术三两，泽泻五两锉，以水
三
升，煎取一升半分服。集验方∶治毒瓦斯攻疰，足胫久疮不瘥。白术为细末，盐浆水洗疮，干
贴
二日一换。可以负重涉险。凶年与老少代粮，人不能别之，谓之米脯。产宝∶产后中风寒，
遍
身冷直，口噤不识人方∶白术四两，以酒三升，煎取一升顿服。荀子注《列仙传》∶刘涓子
齐
人，隐于岩山，饵术，能致风雨。《抱朴子·内篇》曰∶南阳文氏，值乱逃壶山中，饥困欲
死
，有一人教之食术，遂不饥，数十年乃还乡里，颜色更少，气力转胜，故术一名山精。神农
药经曰∶必欲长生，常服山精。异术术草者，山之精也，结阴阳之精气。服之令人长生，绝
谷致神仙。梁·庚肩吾答陶隐居 术启曰∶味重金浆，芳逾玉液，足使坐致延生，伏深铭感
。
衍义曰∶苍术，其长如大小指，肥实，皮色褐，气味辛烈，须米泔浸洗，再换泔，浸二
日，
去
上粗皮。白术粗促，色微褐，气味亦微辛、苦而不烈。古方及《本经》只言术，未见分其苍
、白二种也。只缘陶隐居言术有两种，自此人多贵白者。今人但贵其难得，唯用白者，往往
将
苍术置而不用。如古方平胃散之类，苍术为最要药，功尤速。殊不详本草元无白术之名，近
世多用，亦宜两审。嵇康曰∶闻道人遗言，饵术、黄精，令人久寿，亦无白字。
术
味苦、甘，性温，无毒。主治风寒湿痹（由风、寒、湿邪侵袭经络肌肉引起的肢体疼痛、麻木、屈伸不利），死肌（肌肉僵硬坏死），痉病（筋脉拘急抽搐），黄疸，止汗除热，消食。主治大风（严重的风邪致病）在头面，风眩头痛，目泪出，消痰水，驱逐皮间风水结肿，消除心下急满及霍乱吐泻不止，利腰脐间血，益津液，暖胃，消谷，增进食欲。制成煎膏或饵剂服用，久服可轻身、延年、不饥。又名山蓟，又名山姜，又名山连。产于郑山山谷、汉中、南郑。二月、三月、八月、九月采挖根部，晒干。（防风、地榆为其使药。）
陶隐居说：郑山即南郑，现在到处都有，以蒋山、白山、茅山出产的为优。十一月、十二月、正月、二月采收为好，油脂多且味甘。《仙经》说：也能除恶气，消除灾疹。制作丸、散、煎、饵都有方法。其嫩苗又可作饮料，很香美，能去水。术有两种：白术，叶子大且有毛并分叉，根甜而少膏脂，可作丸散用。赤术（苍术），叶子细无分叉，根小味苦而多膏脂，可作煎膏用。以前刘涓子提取其精华制成丸药，名叫守中金丸，可以长生。东方地区的术个头大但没有强烈气味，不适用。现在市场上卖的，都用米粉涂白，不是天然的，用时应该刮去。臣禹锡等人谨按吴氏本草说：术，又名山芥，又名天苏。《尔雅》说：术，就是山蓟。注解说：现在的术像蓟草但生长在山中。疏证说：生长在平地的就叫蓟，生长在山中的叫术。《抱朴子》说：术，又名山精，所以神农药经说：想要长生，常服山精。《药性论》说：白术，为君药，忌桃、李、雀肉、菘菜、青鱼。味甘、辛，无毒。能主治大风痹，多年气痢，心腹胀痛，破除消散宿食，开胃，去痰涎，除寒热，止泄泻，主治面色光润悦泽，驻颜去皱，治水肿胀满，止呕逆，腹内冷痛，吐泻不止及胃气虚，冷痢。日华子说：术，治一切风疾，五劳七伤，冷气腹胀，补腰膝，消痰，治水气，利小便，止反胃呕逆及筋骨弱软，癖气块，妇人冷症，症瘕，温疾，山岚瘴气，除烦，长肌。用米泔水浸泡一夜，入药如常用量，又名吃力伽。苍术者去皮。
《图经》说：术，生于郑山山谷、汉中、南郑，现在到处都有，以嵩山、茅山出产的为佳。春天生苗，青色无分叉。又名山蓟，因为叶子像蓟。茎像蒿干状，青赤色，长二三尺以上。夏天开花，紫碧色，也像刺蓟花，或有黄白花。入伏后结子，到秋天苗枯。根像姜但旁边有细根，皮黑，心黄白色，中有紫色膏液。二月、三月、八月、九月采挖，晒干。干湿都通用，现在八月采收。服食家多单味饵服，或合白茯苓，或合石菖蒲，一起捣末，早晨用水调服，晚上再进服。久久更加好。又取生术，去土，水浸多次，煎如饴糖，酒调饮之更好，现在茅山制作的术煎，就是这种方法。陶隐居说：以前刘涓子提取其精华制成丸药，名叫守中金丸。现在流传的方法是膏煎，恐怕不是真的。谨按：术有二种，《尔雅》说：术，是山蓟、杨抱蓟（音孚）。解释说：这是辨别蓟生长在山中和平地的名称，生长在平地的叫蓟，生长在山中的叫术。陶注本草说：白术叶大而有毛，甜而少膏，赤术细苦而多膏，就是这个意思。那些生长在平地而肥大超过一般的，名叫杨抱蓟，现在叫它马蓟，那么杨抱就是白术。现在白术产于杭、越、舒、宣州的高山岗上，叶叶相对，上有毛，方茎，茎端生花，淡紫碧红数色，根分叉生长。二月、三月、八月、九月采挖根部，晒干。以大块紫花者为优，又名乞力伽。凡是古方中说术的，乃是白术。不是指现在的术了。
《唐本》说：利小便，以及用苦酒浸泡。用来擦拭面部，极有效。《圣惠方》：治雀目（夜盲症），不限时节。和苍术二两，捣罗为散，每服一钱，不限时候。用好羊子肝一个，用竹刀子剖开，掺药在内，麻绳缠定。用粟米泔一大盏，煮熟为止，患人先熏眼药，气绝即吃之。《简要济众》也治小儿雀目。《外台秘要》：疗忽然头眩晕，经久不愈，四肢渐瘦，食无味，好食黄土。术三斤，曲三斤，捣筛，酒和，并丸如梧桐子大，晒干。饮服二十丸，忌桃、李、雀、蛤，日三服。《千金方》：治中风口噤不知人。术四两，酒三升，煮取一升，顿服。又方：疗烦闷。白术末，水调服方寸匕。《经验方》：乌髭鬓，驻颜色，壮筋骨，明耳目，除风气，润肌肤。久服令人轻健。苍术不计多少，用米泔水浸三、两天，逐日换水，候满日取出，刮去黑皮，切作片子，晒干，用慢火炒令黄色，细捣末，每一斤末，用蒸过茯苓半斤，炼蜜为丸，如梧桐子大。空心卧时温熟水下十五丸。别用术末六两，甘草末一两，拌和匀，作汤点之，下术丸妙。忌桃、李、雀、蛤及三白。又方：治内外障眼。苍术四两，米泔浸七日，逐日换水后，刮去黑皮细切，入青盐一两同炒，黄色为度，去盐不用，木贼二两，以童子小便浸一夜，水淘焙干，同捣为末。每日不限时候，但在饮食菜蔬内，调下一钱匕服，甚验。《梅师方》：治心下有水。白术三两，泽泻五两锉，以水三升，煎取一升半分服。《集验方》：治毒瓦斯攻疰，足胫久疮不愈。白术为细末，盐浆水洗疮，干贴二日一换。可以负重涉险。凶年与老少代粮，人不能别之，谓之米脯。《产宝》：产后中风寒，遍身冷直，口噤不识人方：白术四两，以酒三升，煎取一升顿服。荀子注《列仙传》：刘涓子齐人，隐于岩山，饵术，能致风雨。《抱朴子·内篇》曰：南阳文氏，值乱逃壶山中，饥困欲死，有一人教之食术，遂不饥，数十年乃还乡里，颜色更少，气力转胜，故术一名山精。神农药经曰：必欲长生，常服山精。异术术草者，山之精也，结阴阳之精气。服之令人长生，绝谷致神仙。梁·庚肩吾答陶隐居术启曰：味重金浆，芳逾玉液，足使坐致延生，伏深铭感。
《衍义》说：苍术，其长如大小指，肥实，皮色褐，气味辛烈，须米泔浸洗，再换泔，浸二日，去上粗皮。白术粗促，色微褐，气味亦微辛、苦而不烈。古方及《本经》只言术，未见分其苍、白二种也。只缘陶隐居言术有两种，自此人多贵白者。今人但贵其难得，唯用白者，往往将苍术置而不用。如古方平胃散之类，苍术为最要药，功尤速。殊不详本草元无白术之名，近世多用，亦宜两审。嵇康曰：闻道人遗言，饵术、黄精，令人久寿，亦无白字。
Zhu (Atractylodes)
Bitter, sweet, warm, non-toxic. Mainly treats wind-cold-damp bi (pain, numbness, and stiffness in limbs due to invasion of wind, cold, and damp pathogens), dead muscle (stiff or necrotic muscle), spasm (tension and convulsion of tendons), jaundice, stops sweating and removes heat, aids digestion. Mainly treats severe wind disease (illness caused by severe wind pathogen) on the head and face, wind-induced vertigo and headache, tearing eyes, resolves phlegm-fluids, expels wind-water swelling under the skin, relieves urgency and fullness below the heart, and persistent vomiting and diarrhea from cholera-like disorder. Promotes blood circulation in the waist and umbilical region, benefits body fluids, warms the stomach, aids grain digestion, and increases appetite. Made into decoctions or pills, long-term use lightens the body, prolongs life, and prevents hunger. Also known as Shanji (Mountain Thistle), Shanjing (Mountain Ginger), and Shanlian. Grows in the valleys of Mount Zheng, Hanzhong, and Nanzheng. Roots are harvested in February, March, August, and September, then dried. (Fangfeng/Saposhnikovia Root and Diyü/Sanguisorba Root act as guiding herbs.)
Tao Hongjing states: Mount Zheng is Nanzheng; it is now found everywhere, but those from Jiangshan, Baishan, and Maoshan are superior. Harvested in November, December, January, and February is best, as they are rich in oil and sweet. The *Xianjing* (Classic of Immortals) states: It can also eliminate evil qi and dispel disasters and rashes. Methods for making pills, powders, decoctions, and pastes exist. Its young shoots can be made into a beverage, very fragrant and delicious, and can remove water retention. There are two types of Zhu: Baizhu (White Atractylodes), with large leaves having hairs and branching, sweet roots with little oil, suitable for pills and powders. Chizhu (Red Atractylodes/Cangzhu), with fine leaves without branching, small bitter roots with much oil, suitable for decoctions. Previously, Liu Juanzi extracted its essence to make pills named Shouzhongjin Wan (Golden Pill Guarding the Center), which can promote longevity. Atractylodes from the eastern regions is large but lacks strong aroma and is not useful. Those sold in markets today are coated with rice flour to appear white, which is unnatural; the coating should be scraped off before use. Ministers Yuxi et al. carefully note according to Wu's Bencao: Zhu, also known as Shanjie (Mountain Mustard) and Tiansu. *Erya* states: Zhu is Shanji. Annotation: Current Zhu resembles thistle but grows in mountains. Commentary: Those growing in flatlands are called Ji (Thistle); those growing in mountains are called Zhu. *Baopuzi* states: Zhu is also known as Shanjing (Mountain Essence), hence the *Shennong Yaole Jing* says: If one desires longevity, one should frequently consume Shanjing. *Yaoxing Lun* states: Baizhu is a sovereign herb; avoid peaches, plums, sparrow meat, pak choi, and green fish. Sweet, pungent, non-toxic. Can mainly treat severe wind-bi, chronic qi dysentery, abdominal distension and pain, breaks down and eliminates retained food, opens the stomach, removes phlegm-secretions, dispels cold-heat, stops diarrhea, improves facial luster, preserves youth, treats edema and fullness, stops vomiting and regurgitation, abdominal cold pain, persistent vomiting/diarrhea, stomach qi deficiency, and cold dysentery. Rihua Zi states: Zhu treats all wind diseases, five exhaustions and seven injuries, cold qi abdominal distension, tonifies waist and knees, resolves phlegm, treats water qi, promotes urination, stops regurgitation/vomiting, weak bones/tendons, mass formations, women's cold syndromes, fixed masses, warm febrile diseases, mountain miasma, relieves irritability, and builds muscle. Soak in rice wash water overnight; use as usual in prescriptions; also known as Qilijia. Cangzhu requires skin removal.
*Tujing* states: Zhu grows in valleys of Mount Zheng, Hanzhong, Nanzheng; now found everywhere, but those from Songshan and Maoshan are best. Sprouts emerge in spring, green and unbranched. Also known as Shanji because leaves resemble thistle. Stems resemble mugwort stalks, green-red, over two to three chi tall. Flowers in summer, purple-blue, resembling thistle flowers, sometimes yellow-white. Seeds form after Dog Days, stems wither in autumn. Roots resemble ginger with fine lateral roots, black skin, yellow-white center, containing purple oily substance. Harvested in Feb, Mar, Aug, Sep, dried. Both dry and fresh forms are usable; currently harvested in August. Food practitioners often take it alone, or combined with Baifuling (Poria with Hostwood) or Shichangpu (Acorus Rhizome), pounded into powder, taken with water in the morning and evening. Long-term use yields better results. Another method: Take raw Zhu, remove soil, soak in water repeatedly, boil until like maltose syrup, mix with wine for drinking, which is even better. The current Zhu Jian (Atractylodes Paste) made at Maoshan follows this method. Tao Hongjing states: Previously Liu Juanzi extracted its essence to make pills named Shouzhongjin Wan. The currently circulated method involves boiling into paste, which may not be authentic. Carefully noted: There are two types of Zhu. *Erya* states: Zhu is Shanji and Yangbaoji (sound fu). Explanation: This distinguishes names based on habitat; flatland growth is Ji, mountain growth is Zhu. Tao's annotation on Bencao states: Baizhu has large hairy leaves, sweet taste, little oil; Chizhu has fine bitter leaves, much oil. Those growing in flatlands that are larger than others are named Yangbaoji, currently called Maji (Horse Thistle); thus Yangbao is Baizhu. Currently, Baizhu grows on high ridges in Hang, Yue, Shu, Xuan prefectures. Leaves oppose each other, hairy, square stems, flowers at stem tips in pale purple/blue/red colors, roots branch. Harvested in Feb, Mar, Aug, Sep, dried. Large pieces with purple flowers are superior; also known as Qilijia. Whenever ancient formulas mention "Zhu," it refers to Baizhu, not the current general term.
*Tangben* states: Promotes urination; can be soaked in vinegar. Wiping the face with it is extremely effective. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats night blindness, regardless of season. Mix with 2 liang of Cangzhu, pound into powder. Take 1 qian per dose, anytime. Take one good lamb liver, slice open with bamboo knife, insert powder inside, tie with hemp rope. Boil in one large cup of millet rice wash until cooked. Patient first fumigates eyes with the medicine vapor, then consumes it when breath ceases. *Jianyao Jizhong* also treats pediatric night blindness. *Waitai Miyao*: Treats sudden dizziness persisting for a long time, gradual emaciation of four limbs, loss of taste, craving for eating yellow earth. Use 3 jin of Zhu, 3 jin of Qu (yeast), pound and sieve, mix with wine, form pills like paulownia seeds, dry. Take 20 pills with water, avoid peaches, plums, sparrows, clams; take three times daily. *Qianjin Fang*: Treats stroke with locked jaw and unconsciousness. Use 4 liang of Zhu, 3 sheng of wine, boil to obtain 1 sheng, take at once. Another formula: Treats vexation. Baizhu powder, mixed with water, take one cunbi. *Jingyan Fang*: Blackens beard and temples, preserves complexion, strengthens bones/tendons, brightens ears/eyes, dispels wind, moistens skin. Long-term use makes one light and agile. Cangzhu amount unspecified, soak in rice wash water for 2-3 days, changing water daily. After full days, take out, scrape off black skin, slice, dry, stir-fry slowly until yellow, pound finely. For every 1 jin of powder, mix with 0.5 jin of steamed Poria, refine honey to form pills like paulownia seeds. Take 15 pills with warm cooked water on an empty stomach or before bed. Additionally, mix 6 liang of Zhu powder and 1 liang of Gancao (Licorice) powder evenly, make into soup to drink with the Zhu pills, which is excellent. Avoid peaches, plums, sparrows, clams, and the "Three Whites." Another formula: Treats internal and external eye obstructions. 4 liang of Cangzhu, soak in rice wash for 7 days, change water daily, scrape off black skin, cut finely, stir-fry with 1 liang of Qingyan (Green Salt) until yellow, discard salt. 2 liang of Muzei (Equisetum), soak overnight in urine of a healthy boy, wash with water, dry, pound together into powder. Take 1 cunbi mixed with food/vegetables anytime, very effective. *Meishi Fang*: Treats fluid retention below the heart. 3 liang of Baizhu, 5 liang of Zexie (Alisma) chopped, boil in 3 sheng of water to obtain 1.5 sheng, take half. *Jiyan Fang*: Treats toxic vapors attacking wandering sores, chronic leg ulcers not healing. Pound Baizhu into fine powder, wash ulcer with salt brine, apply dry powder, change every two days. Enables carrying heavy loads and traversing dangers. In famine years, used as substitute food for old and young; people cannot distinguish it, called Mifu (Rice Cured Meat). *Chanbao*: Postpartum wind-cold, whole body stiff and cold, locked jaw, unconsciousness. Formula: 4 liang of Baizhu, 3 sheng of wine, boil to obtain 1 sheng, take at once. Xunzi's commentary on *Liexian Zhuan*: Liu Juanzi was from Qi, secluded in Yanshan, consumed Zhu, could summon wind and rain. *Baopuzi · Neipian*: Wen family of Nanyang, fled to Hu Mountains during chaos, starving and exhausted, someone taught them to eat Zhu, thus not hungry, returned home decades later with fresher appearance and stronger strength, hence Zhu is also called Shanjing. *Shennong Yaole Jing* states: If one desires longevity, frequently consume Shanjing. Zhu grass differing from ordinary plants is the essence of the mountain, condensing the essence of yin and yang. Consuming it leads to longevity, abandoning grains, and achieving immortality. Geng Jianwu of Liang replied to Tao Hongjing regarding Zhu: Taste surpasses golden elixir, fragrance exceeds jade liquid, sufficient to achieve longevity while seated, deeply grateful.
*Yanyi* states: Cangzhu is as thick as fingers, plump, brown skin, pungent and strong aroma; must be soaked and washed in rice wash, changed twice, soaked for two days, remove coarse outer skin. Baizhu is coarser, slightly brown, aroma mildly pungent and bitter but not strong. Ancient formulas and *Benjing* only mentioned Zhu, without distinguishing between Cang and Bai types. Only because Tao Hongjing stated there are two types, people thereafter valued Bai more. Today people value rarity, using only Bai, often discarding Cang. For example, in ancient formulas like Pingwei San, Cangzhu is the most important herb, acting swiftly. One should not ignore that original Bencao had no name for Baizhu; modern frequent use warrants careful examination. Ji Kang said: Heard from a Daoist's last words, consuming Zhu and Huangjing (Polygonatum) extends lifespan; there was no character "Bai" (White).