\r干漆\pd316.bmp\r
味辛，温，无毒、有毒。主绝伤，补中，续筋骨，填髓脑，安五脏，五缓六急，风寒
痹，疗咳嗽，消瘀血，痞结，腰痛，女子疝瘕，利小肠，去蛔虫。
生漆 去长虫。久服轻身耐老。生汉中川谷。夏至后采，干之。（半夏为之使，畏
鸡子，今又忌油脂。）
陶隐居云∶今梁州漆最胜，益州亦有，广州漆性急易燥。其诸处漆桶上盖里，自然有干
者，状如蜂房，孔孔隔者为佳。生漆毒烈，人以鸡子和服之去虫，犹有啮肠胃者。畏漆人乃
致死。外气亦能使身肉疮肿，自别有疗法。仙方用蟹消之，为水炼服，长生。臣禹锡等谨按
蜀本注云∶按漆性并急。凡取时须荏油解破，淳者难得，可重重别制试之，上等清漆，色黑
如，若铁石者好，黄嫩若蜂窠者不佳。《图经》云∶树高二丈余，皮白，叶似椿樗，皮似
槐，花、子若牛李，木心黄。六月、七月刻取滋汁。出金州者最善也。药性论云∶干漆，臣，
味辛、咸。能杀三虫，主女人经脉不通。日华子云∶治敷尸劳，除风。入药须捣碎炒熟，不
尔损人肠胃，若是湿漆，煎干更好，或毒发，饮铁浆并黄栌汁及甘豆汤，吃蟹并可制。
图经曰∶干漆、生漆，出汉中川谷，今蜀、汉、金、峡、襄、歙州皆有之。木高三、二
丈，皮白，叶似椿，花似槐子若牛李，木心黄。六月、七月以竹筒钉入木中取之。崔豹《古
今注》曰∶以刚斧斫其皮开，以竹管承之。汁滴则成漆是也。干漆，旧云用漆桶中自然干者，
状如蜂房，孔孔隔者。今多用筒子内干者，以黑如 ，坚若铁石为佳。漆叶中药，见《华佗
传》。彭城樊阿，少师事佗，求服食法。佗授以漆叶青粘散方，云服之去三虫，利五脏，轻
身益气，使人头不白。阿从其言，年五百余岁。漆叶所在有之。青粘生丰沛、彭城及朝歌。
一名地节，一名黄芝。主理五脏，益精气。本出于迷人入山者，见仙人服之，以告佗，佗以
为佳，语阿，阿秘之。近者人见阿之寿而气力强盛，怪之，以问所服食，阿因醉乱误说，人
服多验。其后无复有人识青粘。或云即黄精之正叶者。神仙方乃有单服淳漆法，传于世云。
外台秘要∶疗蛔虫，心痛，恶心吐水。干漆熬捣蜜和丸。服十五丸，日再服。经验方治妇
人不曾生长，血气，脏腑疼痛不可忍，及治丈气元气、小肠气撮痛者。并宜服二圣丸∶干漆
一两为末，湿漆一两，先将湿漆入铫子内，熬如一食饭间以来住火，与干漆末一处拌和丸如
半皂子大。每服一丸，温酒吞下，无时。如元气、小肠、膀胱气痛，牙关紧急，但斡开牙关，
温酒化一丸灌下必安。怕漆人不可服。简要济众∶治九种心痛及腹胁积聚滞气。筒子干漆二
两，捣碎炒烟出，细研，醋煮面糊和丸如梧桐子大。每服五丸至七丸，热酒下，醋汤亦得，
无时服。杜壬∶治小儿胃寒，虫上诸证，危恶与痫相似。干漆捣炒烟尽，白芜荑等分，为细
末。米饮调下一字至一钱。席延赏∶治女人经血不行及诸症瘕等病。室女万瘕丸∶干漆一两
为粗末，炒令烟尽，牛膝末一两，以生地黄汁一升入银器中熬，俟可丸，丸如梧子大。每服
一丸，加至三、五丸，酒饮下，以通利为度。抱朴子∶内篇∶淳漆不枯者，服之通神长生法。
或以大蟹投其中，或以云母水，或以玉水合之服，九虫悉下，恶血从鼻出。一年六甲，行厨
至也。淮南子∶漆见蟹而不干。
衍义曰∶干漆，苦湿漆，药中未见用，凡用者，皆干漆耳。其湿者，在燥热及霜冷时，
则难干。得阴湿，虽寒月亦易干。亦物之性也。苦沾渍人，以油治之。凡验漆，唯稀者以物
蘸起，细而不断，断而急收起。又涂于干竹上，荫之速干者，并佳。余如《经》。
干漆
味辛，性温，无毒，也有说法认为有毒。主治各种严重外伤，补益中气，接续筋骨，填补髓脑，安定五脏，治疗五缓六急（五种弛缓与六种拘急之证），风寒痹痛，咳嗽，消除瘀血，痞块结聚，腰痛，女子疝瘕（腹内结块），通利小肠，驱除蛔虫。
生漆
能去除长虫（肠道寄生虫）。长期服用可令身体轻盈、延缓衰老。产于汉中地区的山谷中。夏至之后采集，晒干使用。（半夏为其引经药，畏惧鸡蛋，现在又忌讳油脂。）
陶隐居说：现在的梁州漆质量最好，益州也有出产，广州产的漆性质急躁且容易干燥。各地漆桶内壁盖子上，自然风干的漆，形状像蜂房，孔孔分隔的为上品。生漆毒性猛烈，人们用鸡蛋调和吞服以驱虫，但仍有人被咬伤肠胃。对漆过敏的人甚至可能因此致死。外用的生漆也能使人身肉疮肿，另有专门的治疗方法。仙方中使用螃蟹来化解它，用水炼法服用，可以长生。臣禹锡等人按语：蜀本注记载：按漆的性质都较为急烈。凡采集时需用荏油解破，纯净者难得，可以层层分别制作试验，上等的清漆，颜色黑如铁石者为好，黄嫩如蜂巢状的不佳。《图经》记载：树高两丈多，树皮白色，叶子像椿树或樗树，树皮像槐树，花和果实像牛李，木心黄色。六月、七月刻取汁液。出金州的漆最优良。《药性论》记载：干漆，属臣药，味辛、咸。能杀死三虫，主治妇女经脉不通。日华子说：治疗敷尸劳（一种虚劳病），祛风。入药必须捣碎炒熟，否则损伤人肠胃，如果是湿漆，煎干更好，如果毒发，饮铁浆和黄栌汁以及甘豆汤，吃螃蟹也可以制约毒性。
《图经》说：干漆、生漆，产于汉中山谷，现在蜀地、汉地、金州、峡州、襄州、歙州都有出产。树木高三四丈，树皮白色，叶子像椿树，花像槐树，果实像牛李，木心黄色。六月、七月用竹筒钉入木中取汁。崔豹《古今注》说：用刚斧砍开树皮，用竹管承接，汁液滴下就形成漆。干漆，旧时说用漆桶中自然风干的，形状像蜂房，孔孔分隔的。现在多用竹筒内风干的，以黑如铁石，坚硬如铁石者为佳。漆叶入药，见于《华佗传》。彭城人樊阿，年轻时拜华佗为师，求取服食养生之法。华佗传授给他漆叶青粘散方，说服用它可以去除三虫，通利五脏，轻身益气，使人头发不白。樊阿听从他的话，活了五百多岁。漆叶到处都有。青粘生长在丰沛、彭城及朝歌。一名地节，一名黄芝。主治调理五脏，益精气。原本出自迷路人进山时，见仙人服用它，告诉华佗，华佗认为很好，告诉樊阿，樊阿秘藏此方。近来人们见樊阿长寿且气力强盛，感到奇怪，问他服食什么，樊阿因醉酒混乱误说，人们服用大多有效。此后再也没有人认识青粘。有人说就是黄精的正叶。神仙方中有单服纯漆的方法，流传于世。
《外台秘要》：治疗蛔虫，心痛，恶心吐水。将干漆熬制后捣碎，与蜂蜜混合做成丸剂。每次服用十五丸，每日两次。经验方治疗妇人未曾生育，血气阻滞，脏腑疼痛不可忍受，以及治疗丈夫气、元气、小肠气撮痛者。都适宜服用二圣丸：干漆一两研为末，湿漆一两，先将湿漆放入铫子内，熬煮约一顿饭的时间后停火，与干漆末一起拌匀，制成如半皂子大的丸剂。每次服用一丸，温酒送下，不拘时候。如果是元气、小肠、膀胱气痛，牙关紧急，只要掰开牙关，用温酒化开一丸灌下去必定安宁。怕漆的人不可服用。《简要济众》：治疗九种心痛及腹胁积聚滞气。筒子干漆二两，捣碎炒至烟出，细研，用醋煮面糊和丸，如梧桐子大。每次服用五丸至七丸，热酒送下，醋汤也可以，不拘时候服用。杜壬：治疗小儿胃寒，虫上攻诸证，危重恶症与痫证相似。干漆捣炒至烟尽，与白芜荑等分，研为细末。米饮调下一字至一钱。席延赏：治疗女人经血不行及诸症瘕等病。室女万瘕丸：干漆一两为粗末，炒令烟尽，牛膝末一两，用生地黄汁一升放入银器中熬煮，等到可以制丸时，制成梧桐子大。每次服用一丸，加至三、五丸，酒送下，以通利为度。《抱朴子·内篇》：纯漆未干枯的，服用它通神长生之法。或者投入大螃蟹在其中，或者用云母水，或者用玉水合之服用，九虫全部排出，恶血从鼻流出。一年六甲，行厨至也（指修行有成，有神灵侍奉饮食）。《淮南子》：漆见到螃蟹就不会干枯。
《衍义》说：干漆，即苦湿漆，药物中未见使用，凡使用的，都是干漆罢了。那些湿的，在燥热及霜冷的时候，就很难干。遇到阴湿，即使在寒冬也容易干。这也是物的本性。苦湿漆沾渍到人身上，用油来治理。凡是检验漆，只有稀薄的用物蘸起，细而不断，断而急收起。又涂于干竹上，荫蔽处速干的，都是好的。其余如《经》所述。
Dried Lacquer (Ganqi)
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic, though some sources consider it toxic. It primarily treats severe injuries, tonifies the middle jiao (middle energizer), reconnects sinews and bones, fills the marrow and brain, calms the five zang organs, addresses the "five slacknesses and six tensions" (conditions of flaccidity and spasticity), wind-cold bi syndrome (painful obstruction), cough, resolves blood stasis, dissipates masses and accumulations, relieves lower back pain, treats female abdominal masses (shenjia), promotes urination via the small intestine, and expels roundworms.
Raw Lacquer (Shengqi)
Expels long worms (intestinal parasites). Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging. Grows in the valleys of Hanzhong. Harvested after the Summer Solstice and dried. (Banxia [Pinelliae Rhizoma] is its guiding herb; it is opposed to chicken eggs; currently, greasy foods are also contraindicated.)
Tao Hongjing states: The lacquer from Liangzhou is currently the best; Yizhou also produces it, while lacquer from Guangzhou has a rapid nature and dries easily. On the lids inside lacquer buckets everywhere, naturally dried lacquer forms, resembling honeycombs with separated cells, which is considered superior. Raw lacquer is highly toxic; people use chicken eggs mixed with it to expel worms, yet some still suffer intestinal damage. Those allergic to lacquer may even die from it. External application can cause skin sores and swelling; there are separate treatments for this. Immortal methods use crabs to neutralize it; taken after water-refining, it grants longevity. Ministers Yuxi et al. note: The Shuben Zhu annotation states that lacquer properties are generally rapid/intense. When harvesting, Ren oil (Elaeocarpus japonicus oil) must be used to break it down. Pure forms are rare; one should test layers carefully. Top-grade clear lacquer is black like iron/stone; yellowish and tender like a honeycomb is inferior. Tu Jing records: The tree is over two zhang high, with white bark, leaves resembling Toona or Alstonia scholaris, bark similar to Sophora, flowers and fruits like Prunus salicina, and yellow heartwood. Sap is tapped in June and July. Lacquer from Jinzhou is the finest. Yao Xing Lun records: Dried lacquer is a minister herb, pungent and salty in flavor. It kills three types of worms and treats amenorrhea in women. Ri Huazi states: It treats fu shilao (a type of deficiency fever/labor disease) and dispels wind. For medicinal use, it must be crushed and stir-fried until cooked, otherwise it damages the stomach and intestines. If using wet lacquer, boiling it dry is better. If toxicity occurs, drinking iron slurry, Rhus javanica juice, or Glycine max soup, or eating crabs can counteract it.
Tu Jing states: Dried lacquer and raw lacquer grow in the valleys of Hanzhong. Currently, they are found in Shu, Han, Jinzhou, Xiazhou, Xiangzhou, and Shizhou. Trees are three to four zhang high, with white bark, leaves like Toona, flowers like Sophora, fruits like Prunus salicina, and yellow heartwood. In June and July, bamboo tubes are nailed into the wood to collect sap. Cui Bao's Gujin Zhu states: Chopping the bark with a sharp axe and catching the dripping sap with bamboo tubes creates lacquer. Dried lacquer was traditionally said to be naturally dried inside lacquer buckets, resembling honeycombs. Now, dried lacquer from bamboo tubes is mostly used, with those black as iron and hard as stone being preferred. Lacquer leaf entering medicine is recorded in Hua Tuo's Biography. Fan A of Pengcheng studied under Hua Tuo in his youth, seeking elixir methods. Hua Tuo taught him Qiyе Qingzhi San (Lacquer Leaf and Qingzhi Powder), saying it expels three worms, benefits the five zang organs, lightens the body, boosts qi, and prevents graying hair. Fan A followed this advice and lived over five hundred years. Lacquer leaves are available everywhere. Qingzhi grows in Fengpei, Pengcheng, and Zhaoge. Also known as Dijie and Huangzhi. It regulates the five zang organs and benefits essence and qi. It originally came from lost travelers who saw immortals consuming it in the mountains and told Hua Tuo, who thought it excellent and shared it with Fan A, who kept it secret. Recently, people saw Fan A's longevity and robust health, were curious, and asked what he consumed. Fan A, due to drunken confusion, accidentally revealed it. Many tried it with good results. Since then, no one has recognized Qingzhi. Some say it is the true leaf of Polygonatum sibiricum (Huangjing). Immortal formulas have a method of single-use pure lacquer consumption, passed down through generations.
Waitai Miyao: Treats roundworms, heart pain, nausea, and vomiting of water. Stir-fry dried lacquer, crush it, mix with honey, and make pills. Take fifteen pills, twice daily. Jingyan Fang treats women who have never given birth, suffering from blood and qi stagnation, unbearable internal organ pain, as well as Zhang Qi Yuan Qi (husband qi/yuan qi) and small intestine qi cramping pain. All are suitable for Ersheng Wan (Two Sage Pills): One liang of dried lacquer powder, one liang of wet lacquer. First, boil the wet lacquer in a ding vessel for about the time it takes to eat one meal, then stop fire. Mix with dried lacquer powder and form pills half the size of a soap bean. Take one pill each time, swallowed with warm wine, at any time. For yuan qi, small intestine, or bladder qi pain, with locked jaw, simply open the mouth, dissolve one pill in warm wine, and pour in; peace will surely return. Those afraid of lacquer should not take it. Jianyao Jizhong: Treats nine types of heart pain and abdominal/flank accumulations with stagnant qi. Two liang of tube-dried lacquer, crushed and stir-fried until smoke appears, finely ground, mixed with vinegar-boiled wheat paste to form pills the size of sophora seeds. Take five to seven pills each time, with hot wine or vinegar soup, at any time. Du Ren: Treats pediatric stomach cold, symptoms of worms attacking upward, critical malignant conditions resembling epilepsy. Crush and stir-fry dried lacquer until smoke ceases, mix with equal parts of Tso-wu-t'ao [Memenli Fructus], grind to fine powder. Take one qian to one zi (small measure) adjusted with rice drink. Xi Yanshang: Treats female menstrual obstruction and various zhijia (masses) diseases. Shi Nü Wanjia Wan (Virgin's Ten Thousand Masses Pill): One liang of dried lacquer coarsely ground, stir-fried until smoke ceases, one liang of Achyranthes bidentata powder. Boil one sheng of Rehmannia glutinosa juice in a silver vessel until pillable. Form pills the size of sophora seeds. Take one pill each time, increasing to three or five, with wine, stopping when bowel movement becomes free. Baopuzi · Neipian: Pure lacquer that has not dried can be taken for the method of connecting with spirits and achieving longevity. Or throw large crabs into it, or mix with Yunmu water (Mica water) or Yu water, and consume. Nine worms will all be expelled, and evil blood will exit from the nose. After one year of Six Jia cycles, the "walking kitchen" (spiritual attendants providing food) arrives. Huainanzi: Lacquer does not dry when exposed to crabs.
Yanyi states: Ganqi refers to bitter wet lacquer, which is not seen in medicines; what is used is all dried lacquer. The wet kind is difficult to dry during hot/dry periods or frost/cold times. It dries easily even in winter months if exposed to yin dampness. This is the nature of the substance. Bitter wet lacquer stains the skin; oil is used to treat it. To test lacquer, dip a tool into thin lacquer; it should draw out in a fine thread without breaking, and retract quickly upon breaking. Apply it to dry bamboo; if it dries quickly in the shade, it is good. The rest follows the Classics.