\r栀子一\pd324.bmp\r
\r栀子二\pd325.bmp\r
味苦，寒、大寒，无毒。主五内邪气，胃中热气，面赤酒 ，渣鼻白癞，赤癞疮疡，疗
目热赤痛，胸心大小肠大热，心中烦闷，胃中热气。一名木丹，一名越桃。生南阳川谷。九
月采实，曝干。
陶隐居云∶解玉支毒。处处有。亦两、三种小异，以七棱者为良。经霜乃取之，今皆入
染用于药甚稀。玉支，即羊踯躅也。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶山栀子，杀 虫毒。去热毒风，
利五淋，主中恶，通小便，解五种黄病，明目，治时疾，除热及消渴口干，目赤肿病。
图经曰∶栀子，生南阳川谷，今南方及西蜀州郡皆有之。木高七、八尺。叶似李而浓硬，
又似樗蒲子。二、三月生白花，花皆六出，甚芬香，俗说即西域詹匐也。夏秋结实如诃子状。
生青熟黄，中仁深红。九月采实，曝干。南方人竞种以售利。《货殖传》云∶卮茜千石，亦
比千乘之家，言获利之博也。此亦有两、三种，入药者山栀子，方书所谓越桃也。皮薄而圆
小，刻房七棱至九棱为佳。其大而长者，乃作染色。又谓之伏尸栀子，不堪入药用。张仲景
《伤寒论》及古今诸名医治发黄，皆用栀子、茵陈、香豉、甘草等四物作汤饮。又治大病起
劳复，皆用栀子、鼠矢等汤，并小利而愈。其方极多，不可悉载。栀子亦疗血痢挟毒热下者。
葛
末服立愈。时行重病后劳发，水煮十枚饮汁，温卧彻汗乃愈。挟食加大黄别煮汁临熟纳之合
饮，微利遂瘥。
雷公云∶凡使，勿用颗大者，号曰伏尸栀子，无力。须要如雀脑，并须长有九路赤色者
上。凡使，先去皮、须了，取仁，以甘草水浸一宿，漉出焙干，捣筛如赤金末用。食疗∶主
喑哑，紫癜风，黄胆，积热心躁。又方∶治下鲜血。栀子仁烧灰，水和一钱匕，服之，量其
大小多少服之。千金方∶治火疮未起。栀子仁灰，麻油和封，浓乃佳。已成疮，烧白糖灰粉
之燥，即瘥。
肘后方∶治霍乱，心腹胀痛，烦满短气，未得吐下，若转筋。烧栀子二七枚研末，熟水
调服。
梅师方∶治火丹毒，捣和水调敷之。又方∶治热毒下血，或因食物发动，以三十枚擘，
水三升，煎取一升，去滓服。又方∶治热病新瘥，早起及多食后发。以十枚，水三升，煎取
一升，去滓。温服。卧令微汗，若食不消，加大黄三两。又方∶治伤寒瘥后交接发动，因欲
死，眼不开，不能语。栀子三十枚，水三升，煎取一升，服。又方∶治 犬咬。栀子皮烧末，
石硫黄等分，同研为末，敷疮上，日三、二敷之，瘥。博济方治冷热气不和，不思饮食，或
腹痛 剌。山栀子、川乌头等分，生捣为末，以酒糊丸如梧子大。每服十五丸，炒生姜汤下。
如小腹气痛。炒茴香、葱、酒任下二十丸。兵部手集∶治头痛不可忍，是多风痰所致。栀子
末和蜜浓敷舌上，吐即止。胜金方∶治妇人临产痢。不限多少烧灰，细末。空心熟水调一匙
头，甚者不过五服。孙尚药∶治伤寒下痢后更烦，按之心下KT 者，虚烦也。栀子十四枚，
擘，豉四合，上二味以水四升，煎栀子取二升半，内豉更煎取一升，去滓，分再服，得吐余
勿服，呕有痈脓者脓者不可服，呕脓尽乃愈。古今录验∶秦王散胃疸食多喜饮，栀子实主之。
丹房镜源栀子柔金。
衍义曰∶栀子，仲景治发汗吐下后，虚烦不得眠。若剧者，必反复颠倒，心中懊 ，栀
子豉汤治之。虚，故不用大黄，有寒毒故也。栀子虽寒无毒，治胃中热气，既亡血、亡津液，
腑脏无润养，内生虚热，非此物不可去，张仲景《伤寒论》已着。又治心经留热，小便赤涩，
去皮山栀子火炮、大黄、连翘、甘草炙，等分末之，水煎三、二钱匕，服之无不效。
味苦，性寒、大寒，无毒。主治五脏中的邪气，胃中的热气，面色发红及饮酒后引起的面赤，酒渣鼻（鼻部毛细血管扩张形成的红斑），白癞病，赤癞疮疡，治疗眼睛红肿热痛，胸、心、大、小肠的大热，心中烦闷，以及胃中热气。又名木丹，又名越桃。生长在南阳的河谷地带。九月采集果实，晒干。
陶隐居说：能解玉支毒。到处都有生长。也有两三种略有不同，以七棱的为优良。经过霜冻后才采摘，现在多用于染色，入药很少。玉支，就是羊踯躅（一种有毒植物）。臣禹锡等谨慎地按照《药性论》记载说：山栀子，能杀灭虫毒。去除热毒风，通利五淋，主治中恶（突然感受秽浊之气而致的急症），通小便，解五种黄病，明目，治疗时行疾病，清除热邪及消渴口干，眼睛红肿病变。
《图经》说：栀子，生长在南阳的河谷地带，现在南方及西蜀各州郡都有生长。树木高七八尺。叶子像李树但浓密坚硬，又像樗蒲子。二、三月开白花，花都是六瓣，非常芳香，俗话说是西域的詹匐（即素馨花）。夏秋季节结成果实像诃子形状。生时青色，熟时黄色，中间的仁深红色。九月采集果实，晒干。南方人竞相种植以获取利润。《货殖传》说：拥有千石栀子和茜草，可以比得上拥有千乘封地的家庭，说的是获利丰厚。这里也有两三种，入药的是山栀子，也就是方书中所说的越桃。皮薄且圆小，刻房有七棱到九棱的为佳。那些大而长的，则是用来作染色的。又叫做伏尸栀子，不堪入药使用。张仲景《伤寒论》以及古今各位名医治疗发黄，都用栀子、茵陈、香豉、甘草这四味药煮汤饮用。又治疗大病初愈后因劳累复发，都用栀子、鼠矢等汤剂，并轻微通便而痊愈。其方剂极多，不能全部记载。栀子也治疗血痢夹杂毒热下注者。葛根末服用立即痊愈。时行重病后劳累发作，水煮十枚饮汁，温覆身体使全身出汗才痊愈。夹杂饮食停滞加大黄另煮汁，临熟时混合饮用，轻微通便随即好转。
雷公说：凡是使用，不要用颗粒大的，称为伏尸栀子，没有药效。必须选用像雀脑一样大小，并且长有九条赤色纹路的上品。凡是使用，先去掉皮和须，取仁，用甘草水浸泡一夜，捞出焙干，捣碎筛成如赤金粉末状使用。《食疗本草》说：主治失音，紫癜风，黄疸，积热心躁。又一方：治疗下鲜血。栀子仁烧成灰，用水调和一钱匕的量服用，根据患者大小多少酌情服用。《千金方》：治疗火疮未起。栀子仁灰，用麻油调和敷贴，厚一点更好。已经成疮，烧白糖成灰粉撒在患处使其干燥，即可痊愈。
《肘后方》：治疗霍乱，心腹胀痛，烦满短气，尚未得吐或下，如果转筋。烧栀子十四枚研成末，用热水调服。
梅师方：治疗火丹毒，捣碎加水调敷。又一方：治疗热毒下血，或因食物诱发，用三十枚掰开，水三升，煎取一升，去渣服用。又一方：治疗热病刚痊愈，早起及多食后发作。用十枚，水三升，煎取一升，去渣。温服。卧床令微汗，如果食物不消化，加大黄三两。又一方：治疗伤寒痊愈后性交发动，因欲望致死，眼睛睁不开，不能说话。栀子三十枚，水三升，煎取一升，服用。又一方：治疗狗咬伤。栀子皮烧成末，与石硫黄等分，同研为末，敷在疮上，每天二三次，痊愈。《博济方》治疗冷热气不和，不思饮食，或腹痛刺痛。山栀子、川乌头等分，生捣为末，用酒糊丸如梧桐子大。每次服用十五丸，炒生姜汤送下。如果是小腹气痛，炒茴香、葱、酒任送下二十丸。《兵部手集》：治疗头痛不可忍受，这是多风痰所致。栀子末和蜜浓敷舌上，吐出痰涎即止。《胜金方》：治疗妇人临产痢。不限多少烧成灰，细末。空腹用热水调一匙头服用，严重的不过五次。孙尚药：治疗伤寒下痢后更烦，按压心下硬满者，是虚烦。栀子十四枚，掰开，豉四合，以上两味药用水四升，煎栀子取二升半，加入豉再煎取一升，去渣，分两次服用，得吐后余药勿服，呕吐有痈脓者不可服，呕尽脓液乃愈。《古今录验》：秦王散治胃疸食多喜饮，栀子实主治之。《丹房镜源》称栀子柔金。
《衍义》说：栀子，张仲景治疗发汗吐下后，虚烦不得眠。如果严重，必定反复颠倒，心中懊恼，用栀子豉汤治疗。因为虚，所以不用大黄，因为有寒毒的缘故。栀子虽然寒而无毒，治疗胃中热气，既然亡血、亡津液，脏腑无润养，内生虚热，非此物不能去除，这在张仲景《伤寒论》中已有记载。又治疗心经留热，小便赤涩，去皮山栀子火炮、大黄、连翘、甘草炙，等分末之，水煎三、二钱匕，服之无不效。
Zhi Zi 1 \pd324.bmp\
Zhi Zi 2 \pd325.bmp\
Bitter, cold, very cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats evil qi in the five zang organs, hot qi in the stomach, facial redness and alcohol-induced facial flushing, rhinophyma (redness and telangiectasia of the nose), white leprosy-like lesions, red leprosy sores, treats red, hot, and painful eyes, excessive heat in the chest, heart, large intestine, and small intestine, mental restlessness, and hot qi in the stomach. Also known as Mu Dan, also known as Yue Tao. Grows in the river valleys of Nanyang. Fruits are harvested in September and sun-dried.
Tao Hongjing says: It can resolve Yu Zhi poison. It grows everywhere. There are also two or three varieties with slight differences; those with seven ridges are considered superior. They should be harvested after frost. Nowadays, they are mostly used for dyeing and rarely for medicinal purposes. Yu Zhi refers to Rhododendron molle (Yang Zhi Zhu). Ministers Yuxi et al. carefully note according to *Yao Xing Lun* (Treatise on Medicinal Properties): Shan Zhi Zi (Mountain Gardenia) kills insect toxins. Removes toxic wind-heat, benefits the five types of strangury, mainly treats Zhong E (sudden illness caused by foul qi), promotes urination, resolves the five types of jaundice, brightens the eyes, treats epidemic diseases, clears heat and relieves thirst and dry mouth, and treats red and swollen eyes.
*TU JING* says: Zhi Zi grows in the river valleys of Nanyang. Now it is found in southern regions and various prefectures of Western Shu. The plant is seven or eight chi high. Leaves resemble those of plum trees but are denser and harder, also resembling leaves of *Butea monosperma*. In February and March, white flowers appear, all with six petals, very fragrant. Folklore says this is the Zhan Fu from the Western Regions (Jasminum grandiflorum). Fruits form in summer and autumn, resembling Che Zi (Terminalia chebula). Green when raw, yellow when ripe, with deep red kernels inside. Harvested in September and sun-dried. People in the south compete to plant it for profit. *Huo Zhi Zhuan* states: Possessing a thousand stones of Zhi and Qian is comparable to having a state of a thousand chariots, indicating substantial profits. There are also two or three varieties here; the medicinal one is Shan Zhi Zi, also called Yue Tao in medical texts. Those with thin skin and small, round shape, featuring seven to nine ridges, are best. Those that are large and long are used for dyeing. Also called Fu Shi Zhi Zi, which is unsuitable for medicinal use. Zhang Zhongjing's *Shang Han Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage) and various famous doctors throughout history treat jaundice using a decoction of four ingredients: Zhi Zi, Yin Chen, Xiang Chi, and Gan Cao. It is also used to treat recurrence of illness due to overexertion after a major disease, using decoctions of Zhi Zi and Rat Droppings, resulting in mild purgation and recovery. There are too many formulas to list completely. Zhi Zi also treats bloody dysentery complicated by toxic heat flowing downward. Ge Gen (Kudzu Root) powder taken orally cures immediately. For recurrences after severe epidemic diseases due to fatigue, boil ten fruits, drink the juice, cover warmly until sweating occurs for recovery. If complicated by food stagnation, add Da Huang (Rhubarb), boil separately, mix near completion, and drink; mild purgation leads to improvement.
Lei Gong says: When using, do not use large grains, called Fu Shi Zhi Zi, which lack efficacy. One must select those the size of a sparrow's brain and possessing nine longitudinal red lines, which are superior. When preparing, first remove the skin and filaments, take the kernel, soak in Licorice water overnight, drain, bake dry, grind into a fine powder like gold dust, and use. *Shi Liao Ben Cao* says: Treats aphonia, purple eczema, jaundice, and accumulated heat with mental agitation. Another formula: Treats lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Burn Zhi Zi kernels to ash, mix with water to make a dose of one qian bi, administer according to patient size and condition. *Qian Jin Fang*: Treats unblistered fire burns. Mix Zhi Zi ash with sesame oil and apply thickly; thicker application is better. For blisters formed, burn white sugar to ash, sprinkle powder on the lesion to dry it, leading to cure.
*Zhou Hou Fang*: Treats cholera with abdominal distension and pain, fullness, shortness of breath, inability to vomit or purge, or muscle cramps. Burn fourteen Zhi Zi fruits, grind to powder, mix with warm water and take.
Mei Shi Fang: Treats erysipelas (fire carbuncle). Crush and mix with water for topical application. Another formula: Treats lower bleeding due to toxic heat, or triggered by food. Take thirty fruits, break them, add three sheng of water, decoct to one sheng, strain, and drink. Another formula: Treats new recovery from febrile disease, occurring after waking early or overeating. Take ten fruits, add three sheng of water, decoct to one sheng, strain, and take warm. Lie down to induce slight sweating. If food is not digested, add three liang of Da Huang. Another formula: Treats sexual activity triggering symptoms after recovery from cold damage, causing extreme desire, inability to open eyes, and inability to speak. Take thirty Zhi Zi fruits, add three sheng of water, decoct to one sheng, and take. Another formula: Treats dog bites. Burn Zhi Zi peel to ash, mix with equal parts Yan Liu Huang (Stalagmite Sulfur), grind to powder, apply to the wound twice or thrice daily until cured. *Bo Ji Fang*: Treats disharmony of cold and hot qi, loss of appetite, or stabbing abdominal pain. Equal parts Shan Zhi Zi and Chuan Wu Tou (Aconite). Grind raw to powder, make pills with wine paste the size of wutong seeds. Take fifteen pills per dose, washed down with decoction of stir-fried ginger. For lower abdominal qi pain, wash down with stir-fried fennel, scallion, and wine, twenty pills. *Bing Bu Shou Ji*: Treats unbearable headache caused by excessive phlegm-wind. Mix Zhi Zi powder with honey, apply thickly to the tongue; vomiting stops the pain. *Sheng Jin Fang*: Treats labor dysentery in women. Burn any amount to ash, fine powder. Take one spoonful mixed with warm water on an empty stomach; severe cases may require up to five doses. Sun Shang Yao: Treats increased irritability after dysentery following cold damage, with hardness upon pressing the epigastrium, indicating deficiency vexation. Take fourteen Zhi Zi fruits, break them, add four he of Chi Xiao Dou (Fermented Soybeans). Add four sheng of water to these two ingredients, decoct Zhi Zi to obtain two and a half sheng, add Chi Xiao Dou, decoct further to obtain one sheng, strain, divide into two doses. If vomiting occurs, stop taking the remainder. Do not take if there is pus in vomit; recover only after pus is exhausted. *Gu Jin Lu Yan*: Wang Qin San treats gastric jaundice with excessive eating and drinking preference; Zhi Zi fruit is the main ingredient. *Dan Fang Jing Yuan* describes Zhi Zi as softening metal.
*Yan Yi* says: Zhi Zi, Zhang Zhongjing uses it to treat deficiency vexation and insomnia after sweating, vomiting, or purging. If severe, the patient tosses and turns, feeling deeply uncomfortable in the chest; Zhi Zi Chi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction) treats this. Because it is deficiency, Da Huang is not used, as there is cold toxicity. Although Zhi Zi is cold and non-toxic, treating hot qi in the stomach, since blood and body fluids have been depleted, leaving organs without nourishment and generating internal deficiency heat, this herb is indispensable for clearing it, as recorded in Zhang Zhongjing's *Shang Han Lun*. It also treats retained heat in the Heart channel, dark and scanty urination. Use peeled Shan Zhi Zi fire-roasted, Da Huang, Lian Qiao, and roasted Gan Cao in equal parts, grind to powder. Decoct three or two qian bi in water; administration is invariably effective.