\r桔梗\pd227.bmp\r
味辛、苦，微温，有小毒。主胸胁痛如刀刺，腹满肠鸣幽幽，惊恐悸气利五脏肠胃，
补血气，除寒热风痹，温中消谷，疗喉咽痛，下蛊毒。一名利如，一名房图，一名白药，一
名
梗草，一名荠 。生嵩高山谷及冤句。二、八月采根，曝干。（节皮为之使。得牡蛎、远志
，疗恚怒。得硝石、石膏，疗伤寒。畏白芨、龙眼、龙胆。）
陶隐居云∶近道处处有，叶名隐忍。二、三月生，可煮食之。桔梗疗蛊毒甚验，俗方用
此，
乃名荠 。今别有荠 ，能解药毒。所谓乱人参者便是。非此桔梗，而叶甚相似。但荠 叶
下光明、滑泽、无毛为异，叶生又不如人参相对者尔。唐本注云∶人参，苗似互加阔短，茎
圆，有三、四桠，桠头有五叶。陶引荠 乱人参，谬矣。且荠 、桔梗，又有叶差互者，
亦有叶三、四对者，皆一茎直上，叶既相乱，唯以根有心、无心为别尔。臣禹锡等谨按药
性
论云∶桔梗，臣，味苦，平，无毒。能治下痢，破血，去积气，消积聚痰涎，主肺气气促嗽
逆，除腹中冷痛，主中恶及小儿惊痫。日华子云∶下一切气，止霍乱转筋，心腹胀痛，补五
劳，养气，除邪辟温，补虚，消痰破症瘕，养血排脓，补内漏及喉痹， 毒。以白粥解。
图经曰∶桔梗，生嵩高山谷及冤句，今在处有之。根如小指大，黄白色。春生苗，茎高
尺余
。
叶似杏叶而长椭，四叶相对而生，嫩时亦可煮食之。夏开花紫碧色，颇似牵牛子花，秋后结
子。八月采根，细锉曝干用。叶名隐忍。其根有心，无心者乃荠 也。而荠 亦能解毒，二
物颇相乱。但荠 叶下光泽无毛为异。关中桔梗，根苗，颇似蜀葵根。茎细，青色。叶小，
青色，似菊花叶。古方亦单用之。《古今录验》∶疗卒中蛊下血如鸡肝者，昼夜出血石余，
四
脏皆损，唯心未毁，或鼻破待死者。取桔梗捣屑，以酒服方寸匕，日三。不能下药，以物拗
口开灌之，心中当烦，须臾自定，服七日止。当食猪肝 以补之，神良。《集验方》∶疗胸
中满而振寒，脉数，咽燥，不渴，时时出浊唾腥臭，久久吐
脓如粳米粥，是肺痈。治之以梧梗、甘草各二两炙，以水三升，煮取一升。分再服，朝暮吐
脓血则瘥。
雷公云∶凡使，勿用木梗，真似桔梗，咬之只是腥涩不堪。凡使，去头上尖硬二、三分
以来
，
并两畔附枝子。于槐砧上细锉，用百合水浸一伏时，漉出，缓火熬令干用。每修事四两，用
生百合五分捣作膏，投于水中浸。圣惠方∶治马喉痹并毒瓦斯壅塞。用桔梗二两去芦头锉，以
水三大盏，煎至一盏，
去滓，不计时分温三服。又方妊娠中恶，心腹疼痛。用桔梗一两细锉，水一中盏，人生姜三
片，煎至六分去滓，
非时温服。外台秘要治卒客忤停尸不能言者。烧桔梗二两，末
，
米饮服，仍吞麝香如大豆许，佳。千金方∶治喉闭并毒瓦斯。桔梗二两，水三升，煮取一升，
顿
服。又方∶鼻衄方∶桔梗为末，水服方寸匕，日四、五，亦止吐下血。百一方∶若被打击，
瘀血
在肠内。久不消，时发动者。取桔梗末，熟水下刀圭。经验后方∶治骨 风，牙疼肿。桔梗
为
末，枣穣和丸如皂子大，绵裹咬之。肿则荆芥汤漱之。简要济众∶治痰嗽喘急不定。桔梗一
两
半，捣罗为散，用童子小便半升，煎取四合，去滓温服。子母秘录治小儿卒客忤死。烧桔梗
末，三钱匕饮服。杜壬治上焦有热，口舌咽中生疮，嗽有脓血。桔梗一两，甘草二两，右为
末，每服二钱，水一盏，煎六分去滓，温服，食后细呷之，亦治肺壅。梅师方∶治卒蛊毒，
下血如鹅肝，昼夜不绝，脏腑败坏。桔梗捣汁，服七合佳。
衍义曰∶桔梗，治肺热气奔促、嗽逆，肺痈排脓。陶隐居云∶俗方用此，乃名荠 。今
别有
荠
，所谓乱人参者便是，非此桔梗也。《唐本》注云∶陶引荠 乱人参，谬矣。今详之∶非
也。陶隐居所言，其意只以根言之，所以言乱人参。《唐本》注却以苗难之，乃本注误矣。
桔梗
味辛、苦，性微温，有小毒。主治胸胁疼痛如刀刺样，腹部胀满且肠鸣音低沉，惊恐心悸，能通利五脏和肠胃，补血气，祛除寒热及风痹，温暖中焦并促进消化，治疗咽喉肿痛，排出蛊毒。又名利如，又名房图，又名白药，又名梗草，又名荠 。生长于嵩高山谷及冤句地区。二、八月采集根部，晒干。（以节皮为引经药。与牡蛎、远志同用，可治疗愤怒郁结；与硝石、石膏同用，可治疗伤寒。畏忌白芨、龙眼、龙胆。）
陶隐居说：附近各地都有，叶子名叫隐忍。二、三月生长，可以煮食。桔梗治疗蛊毒非常有效，民间方剂中使用此药，却命名为荠 。现在另有荠 ，能够解药毒。这就是所谓混淆人参的荠 。并非这种桔梗，但叶子非常相似。只是荠 的叶背光滑、有光泽、无毛为区别，叶子生长也不像人参那样相对而生。《唐本草》注解说：人参，苗似互加（一种植物），叶片宽阔短小，茎圆，有三、四分叉，分叉头有五片叶。陶隐居引用荠 混淆人参，是错误的。况且荠 、桔梗，也有叶子交互生长的，也有叶子三、四对生的，都是一根茎直立向上，叶子既然容易混淆，只有以根部中心有无心材来区分罢了。臣禹锡等谨按《药性论》记载：桔梗，属臣药，味苦，平，无毒。能治疗下痢，破血，消除积气，消散积聚痰涎，主治肺气上逆引起的咳嗽气喘，去除腹中冷痛，主治中恶及小儿惊痫。日华子说：降下一切气机，止霍乱转筋，心腹胀痛，补五劳，养气，祛除邪气辟除温热，补虚，消痰破症瘕，养血排脓，补内漏及喉痹，解毒。用白粥送服以解其毒。
《图经》说：桔梗，生长于嵩高山谷及冤句，现在到处都有。根如小指粗细，黄白色。春天生苗，茎高一尺多。叶子像杏叶而长椭圆形，四片叶子相对而生，嫩时也可以煮食。夏天开紫碧色花，很像牵牛子花，秋后结子。八月采根，细切晒干使用。叶子名叫隐忍。其根有心，无心的是荠 。而荠 也能解毒，这两种东西很容易混淆。只是荠 叶背光泽无毛为区别。关中地区的桔梗，根和苗，很像蜀葵根。茎细，青色。叶小，青色，像菊花叶。古方也单用之。《古今录验》：治疗突然中蛊毒下血如鸡肝状，昼夜出血一石多，四脏都受损，唯心脏未毁，或鼻子破损濒临死亡者。取桔梗捣成粉末，用酒送服一方寸匕，每日三次。不能服药者，用器具撬开嘴灌入，心中应当烦躁，片刻后自定，服用七天为止。应当吃猪肝来补益，效果极佳。《集验方》：治疗胸中满闷且发冷，脉数，咽干口燥但不想喝水，时常吐出浑浊唾沫腥臭，久则吐出脓液如米粥状，这是肺痈。用梧梗（即桔梗）、甘草各二两炙过，用水三升，煮取一升。分两次服用，早晚吐出脓血则痊愈。
雷公说：凡使用，不要用木梗，真像桔梗，咬之只是腥味涩口不堪忍受。凡使用，去掉头上尖硬二、三分，以及两侧附着的枝子。在槐木砧板上细切，用百合水浸泡一个时辰，捞出，用慢火熬干使用。每修治四两，用生百合五分捣成膏，投入水中浸泡。《圣惠方》：治疗马喉痹及毒瓦斯壅塞。用桔梗二两去芦头切，用水三大盏，煎至一盏，去渣，不分时候温服三次。又方：妊娠中恶，心腹疼痛。用桔梗一两细切，水一中盏，加生姜三片，煎至六分去渣，不时温服。《外台秘要》治疗突然客忤停尸不能说话者。烧桔梗二两，研末，米饮送服，仍吞麝香如大豆许，佳。《千金方》：治疗喉闭及毒瓦斯。桔梗二两，水三升，煮取一升，顿服。又方：鼻衄方：桔梗为末，水服一方寸匕，每日四、五次，也能止吐血下血。《百一方》：若被打击，瘀血在肠内。久不消，时常发作的。取桔梗末，熟水下刀圭。《经验后方》：治疗骨 风，牙疼肿。桔梗为末，枣穣和丸如皂子大，绵裹咬之。肿则荆芥汤漱之。《简要济众》：治疗痰嗽喘急不定。桔梗一两半，捣罗为散，用童子小便半升，煎取四合，去渣温服。《子母秘录》治小儿卒客忤死。烧桔梗末，三钱匕饮服。杜壬治上焦有热，口舌咽中生疮，嗽有脓血。桔梗一两，甘草二两，右为末，每服二钱，水一盏，煎六分去渣，温服，食后细呷之，亦治肺壅。梅师方：治卒蛊毒，下血如鹅肝，昼夜不绝，脏腑败坏。桔梗捣汁，服七合佳。
《衍义》说：桔梗，治疗肺热气奔促、嗽逆，肺痈排脓。陶隐居说：民间方剂中使用此药，却命名为荠 。现在另有荠 ，所谓混淆人参的就是它，并非这种桔梗。《唐本》注说：陶隐居引用荠 混淆人参，是错误的。现在详细考证：不对。陶隐居所说的，他的意思只从根部来说，所以说混淆人参。《唐本》注却从苗来反驳，是本注错误了。
Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix)
Taste: Acrid, Bitter. Nature: Slightly Warm. Toxicity: Slightly toxic. Indications: Primarily treats stabbing pain in the chest and hypochondrium, abdominal fullness with low-frequency borborygmi, fright palpitations. It can unblock the Five Zang organs and intestines/stomach, tonify Blood and Qi, dispel Cold-Heat and Wind-Bi (Wind-Dampness Bi syndrome), warm the Middle Jiao and promote digestion, treat sore throat, and expel Gu poison (parasitic toxin). Also known as Liru, Fangtu, Baiyao, Gengcao, and Qicai. Habitat: Grows in valleys of Songshan Mountain and Yuanju region. Harvest time: Roots collected in the 2nd and 8th lunar months, dried in the sun. (Note on processing/compatibility: Use the root cortex as a guiding herb. Combined with Muli (Ostreae Concha) and Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix), it treats anger and depression. Combined with Xiaoshi (Natrii Nitras) and Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), it treats Shanghan (Cold Damage). Averse to Baiji (Bletillae Rhizoma), Longyan (Longan Arillus), and Longdan (Gentianae Radix).)
Tao Hongjing stated: It is found everywhere near the path; the leaf is named Yinren. It grows in the 2nd and 3rd lunar months and can be boiled for food. Jiegeng is very effective in treating Gu poison, and folk prescriptions use this herb but name it Qicai. Currently, there is another Qicai that can detoxify medicines. This is what is referred to as the herb confusing Ginseng. It is not this Jiegeng, although the leaves are very similar. The difference lies in that the underside of the Qicai leaf is smooth, glossy, and hairless, and the leaves do not grow opposite each other like Ginseng. The *Tang Bencao* annotation states: Ginseng seedlings resemble Hujia (a plant), with broad and short leaves, round stems, having three or four branches, each branch tip having five leaves. Tao's citation of Qicai confusing Ginseng is erroneous. Moreover, both Qicai and Jiegeng have alternate leaves, and some have three or four pairs of leaves; all have a single stem growing straight up. Since the leaves are easily confused, they are distinguished only by whether the root has a pith or not. Minister Yuxi et al., according to *Yaoxing Lun*, state: Jiegeng is a Deputy minister herb, taste Bitter, nature Neutral, non-toxic. It can treat dysentery, break Blood stasis, remove accumulated Qi, dissipate phlegm-saliva accumulations, primarily treat lung Qi rebellion causing cough and asthma, remove cold pain in the abdomen, treat Zhong'e (sudden evil invasion) and pediatric convulsions. Rihua Zi stated: It descends all Qi mechanisms, stops Huoluan (cholera-like vomiting/diarrhea) and muscle cramps, heart and abdominal distension/pain, tonifies the Five Exhaustions, nourishes Qi, dispels evil and wards off warmth, tonifies deficiency, dissipates phlegm and breaks masses, nourishes Blood and drains pus, tonifies internal leakage and throat obstruction, and detoxifies. Resolved with white porridge.
*Tujing* states: Jiegeng grows in valleys of Songshan Mountain and Yuanju, and is now available everywhere. The root is as thick as a little finger, yellowish-white. Seedlings emerge in spring, stems over one chi high. Leaves resemble apricot leaves but are long and oval, four leaves growing opposite each other; tender leaves can also be boiled for food. Flowers are purple-green in summer, resembling Ipomoea nil flowers, bearing seeds in autumn. Roots are collected in August, finely sliced and dried for use. Leaves are named Yinren. Its root has a pith; roots without a pith are Qicai. And Qicai can also detoxify; these two substances are often confused. The distinction is that the underside of the Qicai leaf is glossy and hairless. In Guanzhong, Jiegeng roots and seedlings resemble Malva verticillata roots. Stems are thin and green. Leaves are small, green, resembling Chrysanthemum leaves. Ancient prescriptions also used it singly. *Gujin Luyan*: Treats sudden Gu poison with bleeding resembling chicken liver, bleeding day and night exceeding one shi, damage to four Zang organs, only the Heart remaining intact, or nasal rupture nearing death. Take Jiegeng, crush into powder, take one fangcun bi (measure) with wine, three times daily. If unable to swallow medicine, pry open the mouth with an instrument and pour it in; the patient will feel irritability in the heart, which will settle after a moment. Continue for seven days. Eat pig liver to tonify; this is divine and excellent. *Jiyan Fang*: Treats chest fullness with chills, rapid pulse, dry throat without thirst, frequent expectoration of turbid sputum with foul odor, and long-term expectoration of pus resembling rice gruel; this is Fei Abscess (Lung Abscess). Treat with Wugeng (Jiegeng) and Gancao (Licorice Root), each two liang, roasted, boiled in three sheng of water to obtain one sheng. Divide into two doses, taken morning and evening; recovery occurs when pus and blood are vomited/spit out.
Leigong stated: When using, do not use Mugeng (Wood Stem), which looks like Jiegeng but tastes merely fishy and astringent. When using, remove the top sharp hard part of two to three fen, and side branches. Finely slice on a locust wood cutting board, soak in Lily bulb water for one fu shi (one full cycle of time), drain, and slowly roast until dry. For every four liang processed, use five fen of fresh Lily bulb pounded into paste, added to water for soaking. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats horse throat obstruction and toxic qi stagnation. Use two liang of Jiegeng, remove rhizome head, slice, boil in three large bowls of water until reduced to one bowl, strain, and take warm in three doses at any time. Another prescription: For pregnancy Zhong'e with heart/abdominal pain. Use one liang of finely sliced Jiegeng, one medium bowl of water, add three slices of fresh ginger, boil to six-tenths, strain, and take warm at irregular intervals. *Waitai Miyao* treats sudden Ke Wu (fright) or corpse possession causing inability to speak. Burn two liang of Jiegeng, powder, take with rice drink, still swallow Musk (She Xiang) the size of a soybean; this is good. *Qianjin Fang*: Treats throat closure and toxic qi. Two liang of Jiegeng, three sheng of water, boil to one sheng, take in one dose. Another prescription: Epistaxis formula: Powder Jiegeng, take one fangcun bi with water, four to five times daily; also stops hematemesis and hematochezia. *Baifang*: If beaten, with blood stasis in the intestines, not resolving for a long time, occasionally flaring up. Take Jiegeng powder, swallow with cooked water using a Dao Gui measure. *Jingyan Houfang*: Treats bone wind, toothache swelling. Powder Jiegeng, mix with date pulp into pills the size of soap beans, wrap in cotton and bite. Rinse with Schizonepeta decoction if swollen. *Jianyao Zhizhong*: Treats phlegm-cough with unstable wheezing. One and a half liang of Jiegeng, pound and sieve into powder, decoct in half sheng of urine from an uncircumcised boy to obtain four he, strain and take warm. *Zimu Milu* treats pediatric sudden Ke Wu death. Burn Jiegeng powder, take three qian bi with drink. Du Ren treats upper Jiao heat, sores in mouth/tongue/throat, cough with pus/blood. One liang Jiegeng, two liang Gancao, pound together into powder, take two qian per dose, decoct in one bowl of water to six-tenths, strain, take warm, sip slowly after meals; also treats Lung congestion. Mei Shi Fang: Treats sudden Gu poison, bleeding resembling goose liver, continuous day and night, organ decay. Juice Jiegeng, take seven he; this is good.
*Yanyi* states: Jiegeng treats Lung heat with rushing Qi, cough/rebellion, and Lung Abscess draining pus. Tao Hongjing said: Folk prescriptions use this, naming it Qicai. Now there is another Qicai, which is what confuses Ginseng, not this Jiegeng. *Tang Bencao* note said: Tao's citation of Qicai confusing Ginseng was wrong. Now detailed examination shows: Incorrect. Tao's intention was speaking only of the root, hence saying it confuses Ginseng. *Tang Bencao* note refuted it based on the seedling, which was an error in the annotation itself.