\r水银\pd28.bmp\r
味辛，寒，有毒。主疥 ，痂疡白秃，杀皮肤中虱，堕胎，除热。以敷男子阴，阴
消无气。杀金、银、铜、锡毒，熔化还复为丹。久服神仙不死。一名汞。生符陵平土，出于
丹砂。（畏磁石。）
陶隐居云∶今水银有生熟。此云生符陵平土者，是出朱砂腹中，亦别出沙地，皆青白色，
最
胜。出于丹砂者，是今烧粗末朱砂所得，色小白浊，不及生者。甚能消化金银，使成泥，人
以镀物是也。还复为丹，事出《仙经》。酒和日曝，服之长生。烧时飞着釜上灰，名汞粉，
俗呼为水银灰，最能去虱。唐本注云∶水银出于朱砂，皆因热气，未闻朱砂腹中自出之者
。火烧飞取，人皆解法。南人蒸取之，得水银虽少，而朱砂不损，但色少变霍尔。今按∶陈
藏
器本草云∶水银，本功外，利水道，去热毒。入耳能食脑至尽，入肉令百节挛缩，倒阴绝阳
，人患疮疥，多以水银涂之，性滑重，直入肉，宜慎之。昔北齐徐王疗挛 病，以金物火炙
熨之。水银得金当出蚀金，候金色白者是也，如此数度，并瘥也。臣禹锡等谨按广雅云∶
银谓之 （红董切）。药性论云∶水银，君，杀金、铜毒， 女也，有大毒。朱砂中液也，
此
还丹之元母，神仙不死之药。伏炼五金为泥，生能堕胎。主疗疥等，缘杀虫。日华子云∶水
银
，无毒。治天行热疾，催生，下死胎，治恶疮，除风，安神镇心。镀金烧粉人多患风，或大
段使作，须饮酒，并肥猪肉及服铁浆，可御其毒。
图经曰∶水银，生符陵平土，今出秦州、商州、道州、邵武军，而秦州乃来自西羌界。
《经
云∶出于丹砂者，乃是山石中采粗次朱砂，作炉置砂于中，下承以水，上覆以盎，器外加火
养，则烟飞于上，水银溜于下，其色小白浊，陶隐居云∶符陵平土者，是出朱砂腹中，亦别
出沙地，皆青白色。今不闻有此。至于西羌来者，彼人亦云如此烧 。但其山中所生极多，
至于一山自折裂，人采得砂石，皆大块如升斗，碎之乃可烧 ，故西来水银极多于南方者。
谨按《广雅》水银谓之 ，丹灶家乃名汞，盖字亦通用耳。其炉盖上灰亦名汞粉是也。又飞
炼水银为轻粉，医家下膈最为要药。服者忌血，以其本出于丹砂故也。
雷公云∶凡使，勿用草中取者，并旧朱漆中者，勿用经别药制过者，勿用在尸过者、半
生半
死
者。其水银若在朱砂中产出者，其水银色微红，收得后用胡芦收之，免遗失。若先以紫背天
葵并夜交藤自然汁二味，同煮一伏时，其毒自退。若修十两，用前二味汁各七镒，和合煮足
为度。圣惠方∶误吞银环子、钗子。以半两服之，再服即出。经验后方∶治心风秘。水银一
两，
藕节八个，先研藕节令细，次入水银同研成沙子，丸如鸡头子大。每服二丸，磨刀水下，一
、
二服瘥。梅师方∶治胎死腹中不出，其母气绝。以水银二两吞之，立出，又方治难产，以水
银二两，先煮之，后服立瘥。又方治痔，谷道中虫痒不止。以水银、枣膏各二两，同研相和
，
拈如枣形状，薄绵片裹，纳下部，明日虫出。若痛者，加粉三大分作丸。汉武帝内传曰∶封
君达，陇西人。初服黄连五十余年。入乌峰山，服水银百余年，还乡里如二十者，常乘青牛
，
故号青牛道士。太清服炼灵砂法∶汞禀五阳神之灵，精会符合为体，故能轻飞玄化，感遇万
灵。丹房镜源∶可以勾金，可为涌泉匮，盖藉死水银之气也。
衍义曰∶水银，入药虽各有法，极须审慎，有毒故也。妇人多服绝娠。今人治小儿惊热
涎潮
，往往多用。《经》中无一字及此，亦宜详谛。得铅则凝，得硫黄则结，并枣肉研之则散。
别法 为腻粉，粉霜唾研毙虱。铜得之则明，灌尸中，则令尸后腐。以金、银、铜、铁置其
上则浮，得紫河车则伏。唐·韩愈云∶太学博士李干，遇信安人方士柳贲，能烧水银为不死
药。以铅满一鼎，按中为空，实以水银，盖封四际，烧为丹砂，服之下血。比四年，病益急
，乃
死。余不知服食说自何世起，杀人不可计，而世慕尚之益至，此其惑也。在文书所记，及耳
闻传者不说。今直取目见，亲与之游，而以药败者六、七公，以为世诫。工部尚书归登，自
说∶既服水银得病，若有烧铁杖，自颠贯其下，摧而为火，射窍节以出，狂痛号呼，乞绝。
其茵席得水银，发且止，唾血，十数年以毙。殿中御史李虚中，疽发其背死。刑部尚书李逊
谓余曰∶我为药误。遂死。刑部侍郎李建，一旦无病死。工部尚书孟简邀我于万州，屏人曰
∶我得秘药，不可独，不死，今遗子一器，可用枣肉为丸服之。别一年而病。后有人至，讯
之，曰∶前所服药误，方且下之，下则平矣。病二岁卒。东川节度御史大夫卢坦，溺血、肉
痛不可忍，乞死。金吾将军李道古，以柳贲得罪，食贲药，五十死海上。此可为诫者也。蕲
不死，乃速得死，谓之智者，不可也。五谷三牲，盐醯果蔬，人所常御，人相浓勉，必曰强
食
。今惑者皆曰五谷令人夭，当务减节，临死乃悔。呜呼，哀也已！今有水银烧成丹砂，医人
不晓，研为药衣，或入药中，岂不违误，可不慎哉？
水银
味辛，性寒，有毒。主治疥疮、痂疡、白秃（头皮癣），杀灭皮肤中的虱子，堕胎，清热。涂抹于男子阴部，可使阴萎缩且无性欲。能化解金、银、铜、锡的毒性，熔化后重新炼成丹砂。长期服用可使人成仙不死。又名汞。产于符陵平坦的土地中，出自丹砂。（畏惧磁石。）
陶隐居说：现在的水银有生熟之分。文中所说产于符陵平土的，是从朱砂腹中产出的，也有从沙地中别出的，都是青白色，品质最佳。出自丹砂的，是现在烧粗末朱砂所得到的，颜色小白而浑浊，不如生者好。水银极能消化金银，使其变成泥状，人们用它来镀物。重新炼成丹砂的事见于《仙经》。用酒调和后日晒，服用可长生。烧制时飞散附着在锅上的灰，名叫汞粉，俗称水银灰，最能去虱。唐本注说：水银出于朱砂，都是因为热气，没听说过朱砂腹中自然产出的。火烧飞取的方法，人们都知晓。南方人蒸取，得到的水银虽少，但朱砂不损坏，只是颜色稍变而已。现在考证：陈藏器《本草》说：水银，除原有功效外，还能利水道，去热毒。进入耳朵能吃尽脑髓，进入肉中使全身关节挛缩，导致阴阳断绝。人患疮疥，多用水银涂抹，因其性质滑重，直入肌肉，应当谨慎。以前北齐徐王治疗挛急病，用金属器物火炙熨烫。水银遇到金会出来腐蚀金，等到金色变白就是有效了，如此数次，病就好了。臣禹锡等人谨按《广雅》说：银叫做 （红董切）。《药性论》说：水银，君药，杀金、铜毒，属女药，有大毒。是朱砂中的液体，这是还丹的元母，神仙不死的药物。伏炼五金为泥，生用能堕胎。主治疥疮等，因为杀虫。日华子说：水银，无毒。治疗天行热疾，催生，下死胎，治恶疮，除风，安神镇心。镀金烧粉的人多患风病，如果大量使用，须饮酒，并吃肥猪肉及服铁浆，可以抵御其毒。
《图经》说：水银，生于符陵平土，现在产于秦州、商州、道州、邵武军，而秦州的水银来自西羌界。《经》云：出自丹砂的，是山中采挖的次等朱砂，放入炉中，下面盛水，上面覆盖盎，器皿外加火煅养，则烟飞于上，水银溜于下，颜色小白而浑浊。陶隐居说：符陵平土的，是从朱砂腹中产出，也另从沙地出，都是青白色。现在没听说有此情况。至于西羌来的，那里人也说是这样烧制的。但其山中生长的极多，以至于有一座山自己裂开，人们采集砂石，都是大块如升斗大小，碎之才可烧制，所以西来的水银极多于南方。谨按《广雅》，水银叫做 ，丹灶家名叫汞，大概是字通用罢了。炉盖上的灰也叫汞粉。又将水银飞炼为轻粉，是医家下膈的要药。服用者忌血，因为它本出于丹砂的缘故。
雷公说：凡使用，不要用草中取得的，也不要用旧朱漆中的，不要用经过其他药物炮制过的，不要用在尸体上放过的、半生半死的。如果水银是在朱砂中产出的，其色微红，收得后用葫芦收藏，以免遗失。如果先用紫背天葵和夜交藤的自然汁两种药，一起煮一个时辰，其毒自退。如果要修制十两，用前两种汁各七镒，混合煮足为标准。《圣惠方》：误吞银环子、钗子。服用半两，再服即排出。《经验后方》：治疗心风秘。水银一两，藕节八个，先研藕节令细，次入水银同研成沙子，丸如鸡头子大。每服二丸，磨刀水下送服，一、二服痊愈。《梅师方》：治疗胎死腹中不出，母亲气绝。用水银二两吞下，立即产出。又一方治难产，用水银二两，先煮它，后服用立即痊愈。又一方治痔，肛门中虫痒不止。用水银、枣膏各二两，同研相和，捻如枣形状，薄绵片包裹，纳入下部，第二天虫出。如果痛，加粉三大分作丸。《汉武帝内传》说：封君达，陇西人。起初服用黄连五十多年。进入乌峰山，服用水银一百多年，回乡里像二十岁的人，常乘青牛，所以号青牛道士。《太清服炼灵砂法》：汞禀受五阳神之灵气，精会符合为体，所以能轻飞玄化，感遇万灵。《丹房镜源》：可以勾金，可为涌泉匮，大概借助死水银的气吧。
《衍义》说：水银，入药虽然各有方法，极须审慎，因为有剧毒。妇人多吃绝育。现在人治疗小儿惊热涎潮，往往多用。《经》中无一字提及此，也应详细审谛。得水银与铅则凝固，与硫黄则结合，与枣肉研之则分散。别法炼为腻粉，粉霜唾研毙虱。铜得到它则明亮，灌入尸体中，则令尸体后来腐烂。将金、银、铜、铁置于其上则浮，得到紫河车则沉。唐代韩愈说：太学博士李干，遇到信安人方士柳贲，能烧水银为不死药。用铅装满一鼎，中间挖空，填入水银，盖封四际，烧为丹砂，服用后下血。过了四年，病更急，于是死了。我不知道服食之说从哪个时代兴起，杀人不可计数，而世人羡慕崇尚越来越厉害，这真是迷惑啊。在文书所记，以及耳闻传说的不说。现在只取亲眼所见，亲自交往，而以服药败坏的六七位公卿，作为世人的警戒。工部尚书归登，自己说：既服用水银得病，好像有烧红的铁杖，从头贯入身体下方，摧折化为火，射向窍节而出，狂痛号呼，乞求死亡。他的垫席沾到水银，头发脱落且停止生长，吐血，十几年后死去。殿中御史李虚中，疽发背部而死。刑部尚书李逊对我说：我被药误害。于是死去。刑部侍郎李建，一天无故病死。工部尚书孟简在万州邀请我，屏退旁人曰：我得秘药，不可独享不死，现在留给我儿子一器，可用枣肉为丸服用。过了一年病了。后来有人到，讯问他，说：前所服药误，正要泻下，泻下就平了。病两年后去世。东川节度御史大夫卢坦，溺血、肉痛不可忍，乞求死亡。金吾将军李道古，因柳贲获罪，吃了柳贲的药，在海上五十岁死去。这可以作为警戒啊。追求不死，反而加速死亡，称之为智者，是不可以的。五谷三牲，盐醯果蔬，是人常吃的，人们互相劝勉，必定说强食。现在迷惑的人都说是五谷令人夭折，应当务求减节，临死才后悔。呜呼，悲哀啊！现在有将水银烧成丹砂的，医生不懂，研为药衣，或入药中，岂不违背错误，可不慎重吗？
Mercury (Shuiyin)
Pungent in flavor, cold in nature, toxic. It primarily treats scabies (skin disease caused by mites), crusty sores, and tinea capitis (scalp ringworm); kills lice on the skin; induces abortion; and clears heat. Applied to the male genitals, it causes atrophy of the penis and loss of sexual desire. It can neutralize the toxicity of gold, silver, copper, and tin, melting them down to be re-refined into cinnabar. Long-term ingestion is said to confer immortality. Also known as Gan (Quicksilver). It is produced in the flat lands of Fuling and originates from Cinnabar (Zhusha). (It fears Magnetitum [Cishi].)
Tao Hongjing stated: Currently, there are raw and processed forms of mercury. The type mentioned as originating from the flat lands of Fuling comes from within the body of cinnabar ore or separately from sandy soil; it is bluish-white and of the highest quality. The type derived from cinnabar is obtained by roasting coarse cinnabar powder; it is pale white and turbid, inferior to the raw form. Mercury is highly effective at dissolving gold and silver into a paste, which people use for gilding. The process of reverting it to cinnabar is recorded in *The Immortal Classics*. Mixed with wine and exposed to the sun, it is taken for longevity. The ash that flies up and adheres to the pot during roasting is called Mercurii Sublimati Corrosivum (Hongfen), commonly known as mercury ash, which is most effective against lice. The *Tang Bencao* commentary states: Mercury originates from cinnabar due to heat; there is no record of it spontaneously emerging from within cinnabar ore. The method of obtaining it by fire and sublimation is well understood. Southerners obtain it by steaming; although the yield is low, the cinnabar remains undamaged, changing only slightly in color. Current research indicates: Chen Cangqi’s *Bencao* states: In addition to its primary functions, mercury promotes urination and eliminates heat toxins. If it enters the ear, it can consume the brain entirely; if it enters the flesh, it causes spasms of all joints and leads to the severance of Yin and Yang. People often apply mercury to wounds and scabies; due to its slippery and heavy nature, it penetrates deeply into the flesh, so caution is advised. Previously, Prince Xu of Northern Qi treated spastic diseases by applying heated metal objects. Mercury reacts with gold, causing corrosion; when the gold turns white, it is effective. After several applications, the condition resolves. Ministers Yu Xi et al., according to *Guangya*, state: Silver is called [character missing/obscured] (pronounced Hong Dong). *Yaoxing Lun* states: Mercury is a sovereign herb, neutralizes gold and copper toxicity, belongs to the Yin category, and is highly toxic. It is the liquid essence of cinnabar, the primal mother of the Elixir of Reversion, and the drug for immortality. It can refine the five metals into mud; in its raw state, it induces abortion. It treats scabies and similar conditions because it kills parasites. Ri Huazi states: Mercury is non-toxic. It treats epidemic febrile diseases, facilitates childbirth, expels dead fetuses, treats malignant sores, dispels wind, and calms the spirit and anchors the heart. People who work with gold plating and powdered mercury often suffer from wind disorders; if used in large quantities, one should drink alcohol, consume fatty pork, and take ferrous sulfate solution to counteract the toxicity.
*Tujing* states: Mercury is produced in the flat lands of Fuling. Currently, it is produced in Qinzhou, Shangzhou, Daozhou, and Shaowu Jun. Qinzhou’s mercury comes from the Western Qiang border. The *Classic* states: The type derived from cinnabar is coarse-grade cinnabar mined from mountains, placed in a furnace, with water below and a vessel above covered by a pot. Fire is applied externally; smoke rises, and mercury flows downward. It is pale white and turbid. Tao Hongjing stated: The Fuling flat land type comes from within cinnabar or sandy soil, appearing bluish-white. This is no longer heard of. As for the Western Qiang variety, locals also claim it is produced this way. However, the deposits there are extremely abundant, with some mountains splitting open to reveal large chunks of sandstone like measuring vessels, which must be crushed before roasting. Thus, mercury from the West is far more abundant than that from the South. According to *Guangya*, mercury is called [character], while alchemists call it Gan (Quicksilver); these characters are likely interchangeable. The ash on the furnace lid is also called Mercurii Sublimati Corrosivum. Furthermore, mercury is refined into Calomelas (Qingfen), an essential medicine for clearing the diaphragm. Those taking it should avoid blood products, as it originates from cinnabar.
Lei Gong stated: When using mercury, do not use that collected from grass, nor that from old vermilion lacquer, nor that processed by other drugs, nor that exposed to corpses, nor half-raw half-dead mercury. If mercury is produced within cinnabar, it has a slight red hue; collect it and store it in a gourd to prevent loss. If first boiled with natural juices of *Ottelia acuminata* (Zibei Tiankui) and *Polygonum multiflorum* vine (Ye Jiaoteng) for one shichen (two hours), its toxicity will naturally dissipate. To process ten taels, use seven yi of each of the aforementioned juices and boil until sufficient. *Shenghui Fang*: For accidentally swallowed silver rings or hairpins, administer half a tael; a second dose will cause expulsion. *Jingyan Houfang*: Treats Heart Wind constipation. One tael of mercury and eight lotus rhizome nodes. First grind the lotus nodes finely, then mix with mercury and grind into sand-like particles. Form pills the size of corn kernels. Take two pills at a time, washed down with water from sharpening a knife. Cure after one or two doses. *Mei Shi Fang*: Treats retained dead fetus where the mother’s vital energy is exhausted. Swallow two taels of mercury; the fetus is expelled immediately. Another formula for difficult labor: Boil two taels of mercury, then ingest; cure is immediate. Another formula for hemorrhoids with unbearable itching in the anus: Mix two taels of mercury with two taels of jujube paste. Shape like a jujube, wrap in thin silk, and insert into the lower orifice. The worms will exit the next day. If painful, add three parts of powder and form pills. *Han Wudi Neizhuan* states: Feng Junda, from Longxi, consumed Coptis Rhizoma (Huanglian) for over fifty years. He entered Wufeng Mountain, consumed mercury for over a hundred years, and returned home looking twenty years old. He often rode a green ox, hence the title "Green Ox Daoist." *Taiqing Fu Lian Lingsha Fa*: Mercury inherits the spiritual energy of the Five Yang deities; its essence converges to form its body, allowing it to fly lightly and transform mysteriously, interacting with myriad spirits. *Danfang Jingyuan*: It can amalgamate with gold and serve as a source for Yongquan springs, relying on the qi of dead mercury.
*Yanyi* states: Although mercury has various methods of preparation for medicinal use, extreme caution is required due to its high toxicity. Frequent consumption by women leads to sterility. Currently, many physicians use it frequently to treat pediatric convulsions, fever, and salivary overflow. The *Classics* mention nothing about this, so it should be examined carefully. Mercury coagulates with lead, binds with sulfur, and disperses when ground with jujube meat. Other methods refine it into Mercurii Sublimati Mite (Nifen); the powder霜 (Fenshuang) mixed with saliva kills lice. Copper becomes bright when combined with it; injected into a corpse, it prevents putrefaction. Gold, silver, copper, and iron float on it; Purple Placenta (Ziheche) makes it sink. Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty wrote: Li Gan, a Doctor of the Imperial Academy, met Liu Ben, a sorcerer from Xin’an, who could refine mercury into an elixir of immortality. He filled a tripod with lead, hollowed the center, filled it with mercury, sealed the edges, and roasted it into cinnabar. After ingestion, the patient passed blood. Four years later, the illness worsened, and he died. I do not know when the theory of ingesting elixirs began. Countless people have died, yet worldly admiration for it grows stronger; this is truly delusion. I will not recount written records or hearsay. Instead, I present six or seven high officials whom I personally observed ruined by such drugs, as a warning to the world. Gui Deng, Minister of Works, said: After taking mercury, I suffered as if a red-hot iron rod pierced me from head to toe, burning and shooting fire through my orifices and joints. I cried out in madness and pain, begging for death. His bedding absorbed mercury, causing hair loss and hemoptysis; he died after ten years. Li Xuzhong, Censor-in-Chief, died of a carbuncle on his back. Li Xun, Minister of Justice, told me: "I was misled by medicine." He then died. Li Jian, Vice Minister of Justice, died suddenly without illness. Meng Jian, Minister of Works, invited me to Wanzhou and privately said: "I have obtained a secret elixir for immortality. I cannot keep it alone. I leave a vessel for my son; you may take it as pills with jujube paste." A year later, he fell ill. Later inquiries revealed: "The previous medicine was mistaken; he needed purgatives. Once purged, he would have recovered." He died two years later. Lu Tan, Military Commissioner of Dongchuan, suffered from hematuria and unbearable muscle pain, begging for death. Li Daogu, General of the Jinwu Guard, was implicated by Liu Ben’s crimes, ate Liu’s medicine, and died at sea at age fifty. These cases serve as warnings. Seeking immortality but hastening death cannot be called wisdom. Grains, meats, salt, vinegar, fruits, and vegetables are daily sustenance. People urge each other to eat heartily. Yet the deluded claim grains cause premature death and advocate dietary restriction, regretting only at the point of death. Alas, how sorrowful! Now, some burn mercury into cinnabar. Physicians, unaware, grind it for coating or incorporate it into medicines. Is this not a grave error? Must we not be cautious?