\r食盐图一\pd26.bmp\r
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味咸，温，无毒。主杀鬼蛊邪疰毒瓦斯，下部 疮，伤寒寒热，吐胸中痰癖，止心腹卒
痛，坚肌骨。多食伤肺，喜咳。
陶隐居云∶五味之中，唯此不可缺。有东海、北海盐及河东盐池，梁、益盐井，交、广
有南
海盐，西羌有山盐，胡中有树盐，而色类不同，以河东者为胜。东海盐、官盐白，草粒细
。
州盐
苦。不知其为疗体复有优劣否？西方、北方人，食不耐咸，而多寿少病，好颜色。东方、南
方人，食绝欲咸，而少寿多病，便是损人，则伤肺之效矣。然以浸鱼肉，则能经久不败；以
沾布帛则易致朽烂。所施处各有所宜也。今注∶《唐本》原在米部，今移。臣禹锡等谨按
蜀本
云∶多食，令人失色肤黑，损筋力也。药性论云∶盐，有小毒。能杀一切毒瓦斯，鬼疰气。主
心
痛中恶，或连腰脐者。盐如鸡子大，青布裹烧赤，纳酒中顿服，当吐恶物，主小儿卒不尿，
安盐于脐中灸之。面上五色疮，盐汤绵浸拓疮上，日五、六度易，瘥。又和槐白皮切蒸，治
脚
气。又空心揩齿，少时吐水中洗眼，夜见小字，良。治妇人隐处疼痛者，盐青布裹熨之。
主鬼疰，尸疰，下部蚀疮，炒盐布裹坐熨之，兼主火灼疮。陈藏器云∶按盐本功外，除风邪
，吐下恶物，杀虫，明目，去皮肤风毒，调和腑脏，消宿物，令人壮健。人卒小便不通，炒
盐纳脐中，即下。陶公以为损人，斯言不当。且五味之中，以盐为主，四海之内，何处无之
。唯西南诸夷稍少，人皆烧竹及木盐当之。日华子云∶暖水脏及霍乱，心痛，金疮，明目
，
止风泪，邪气，一切虫伤疮肿，消食，滋五味，长肉，补皮肤，通大小便。小儿疝气并内肾
气，以葛袋盛于户口悬之，父母用手拈抖尽，即疾当愈。
图经曰∶食盐，旧不着所出州郡。陶隐居云∶有东海、北海盐，及河东盐池，梁、益有
盐井，
交、广有南海盐，西羌有山盐，胡中有木盐。而色类不同，以河东者为胜。河东盐，今解州
、安邑两池所种盐最为精好，是也。又有并州两监末盐，乃刮碱煎炼，不甚佳，其咸盖下品
所着卤碱，生河东盐池者，谓此也。下品又有大盐，生邯郸及河东池泽。苏恭云∶大盐即河
东印盐，人之常食者，形粗于末盐，乃似今解盐也。解人取盐，于池旁耕地，沃以池水
，每临南风急，则宿昔成盐满畦，彼人谓之种盐。东海、北海、南海盐者，今沧、密、楚、
秀、温、台、明、泉、福、广、琼、化诸州官场煮海水作之，以给民食者，又谓之泽盐，医
方所谓海盐是也。其煮盐之器，汉谓之牢盆，今或鼓铁为之，或编竹为之，上下周以蜃灰，
广丈
深尺，平底，置于灶，皆谓之盐盘。《南越志》所谓织篾为鼎，和以牡蛎也。然后于海滨掘
地为坑，上布竹木，覆以蓬茅，又积沙于其上。每潮汐冲沙，卤碱淋于坑中。水退则以火炬
照之，卤气冲火皆灭，因取海卤注盘中煎之，顷刻而就。管子曰∶齐有渠展之盐，伐菹薪煮
海水征积之，十月始生，至于正月成三万是也。菹薪谓以茅菹燃火也。梁、益盐井者，今归
州及西川诸郡皆有盐井，汲其水以煎作盐，如煮海之法，但以食彼方之民耳。西羌山盐、胡
中水盐者，即下条云光明盐，生盐州。下品有戎盐，生胡盐山及西羌北地。酒泉福禄城东南
角。北海青，南海赤者是也。然羌胡之盐种类自多。陶注又云∶虏中盐有九种∶白盐、食盐
、
常食者，黑盐、柔盐、赤盐、驳盐、臭盐、马齿盐之类，今人不能遍识。医家治眼及补下药
多用青盐，疑此即戎盐。而《本经》云∶北海青，南海赤，今青盐从西羌来者，形块方棱，
明莹而青黑色，最奇。北胡来者，作大块而不光莹，又多孔窍若蜂窠状，色亦浅于西盐，彼
人谓之盐枕，入药差劣。北胡又有一种盐，作片屑如碎白石，彼人亦谓之青盐，缄封于匣中
，与盐枕并作礼贽，不知是何色类。又阶州出一种石盐，生山石中
，不由煎炼，自然成盐，色甚明莹，彼人甚贵之，云即光明盐也。医方所不用，故不能尽分
别也。又通、泰、海州并有停户刮碱，煎盐输官，如并州末盐之类，以供给江湖，极为饶衍
，其味乃优于并州末盐也。滨州亦有人户煎炼草土盐，其色最粗黑，不堪入药，但可啖马耳
。又下有绿盐条云；以光明盐、 砂、赤铜屑酿之为块，绿色，真者出焉耆国，水中石下取
之，状若扁青、空青，今不闻识此者，医方亦不用。唐·柳柳州纂《救三死治霍乱盐汤方》
云∶元和十一年十月得干霍乱，上不可吐，下不可利，出冷汗三大斗许，气即绝。河南房伟
传此汤，入口即吐，绝气复通。其法∶用盐一大匙，熬令黄，童子小便一升，二物温和服之
，少顷吐下即愈。刘禹锡《传信方》着崔中丞炼盐黑丸方∶盐一升捣末，纳粗瓷瓶中实，筑
泥头讫，初以火烧，渐渐加炭火，勿令瓶破，候赤彻，盐如水汁，即去火，其盐冷即凝，破
瓶取之。豉一升熬焦，桃仁一大两和麸熬令熟，巴豆二大两，去心膜，纸中熬令油出，须生
熟得所，即少力，生又损人，四物各用研捣成熟药，秤量蜜和丸如梧子，每服三丸，皆平旦
时服。天行时气，豉汁及茶下并得。服后多吃茶汁行药力。心痛，酒下，入口便止。血痢，
饮下，初变水痢，后便止。鬼疟，茶饮下。骨热，白蜜汤下。忌冷浆水。合药久则丸稍加令
大。凡服药后吐痢，勿怪。服药一日，忌口两日，吐痢若多，即煎黄连汁服止之。平旦服药
，至小食时以来，不吐痢者，或遇杀药人，即更服一、两丸投之。其药冬中合，腊月尤佳，
瓷合子中盛贮，以腊纸封之，勿令泄气。清河崔能云∶合得一剂，可救百人。天行时气，卒
急觅诸药不得，又恐过时，或在道途或在村落，无诸药可求，但将此药一刀圭，即敌大黄、
朴硝数两，曾试有效。宜行于闾里间及所使辈，若小儿、女子不可服多，被搅作耳。唐方又
有药盐法，出于张文仲。唐之士大夫多作之。
食疗∶蠼 尿疮，盐三升，水一斗，煮取六升，以绵浸汤，掩疮上。又，治一切气及脚
气，
取盐三升，蒸，候热分裹，近壁，脚踏之，令脚心热。又，和槐白皮蒸用，亦治香港脚。夜夜
与之良。又，以皂荚两梃，盐半两，同烧令通赤，细研。夜夜用揩齿。一月后有动者齿及血
齿，并瘥，其齿牢固。圣惠方∶治小儿脐风湿。以盐二两，豉二合，相和烂捣，捏作饼子
如钱大，安新瓦上炙令热，以熨脐上，瘥。亦用黄柏药末敷之。又方，治肝风虚，转筋入
腹。以盐半斤，水煮少时，热渍之佳。外台秘要，治胸心痰饮，伤寒热病，瘴疟须吐者。以
盐末一大匙，以水或暖汤送下，须臾则吐。吐不快，明旦更服，甚良。又方，治天行后两胁
胀满，小便涩。熬盐熨脐下。又方，主风，身体如虫行。盐一斗，水一石，煎减半，澄清温
洗三、五度，治一切风。千金方，治齿龈宣露。每旦捻盐纳口中，以热水含嗽齿百遍，不过
五日齿即牢密。又方主逆生。以盐涂儿足底，又可急搔爪之。千金翼∶治诸疮癣初生，或始
痛时。以单方救不效，嚼盐涂之妙。肘后方治中风，但腹中切痛。以盐半斤，熬令水尽，着
口中，饮热汤二升，得吐愈。又方∶齿疼，龈间出血，极验。以盐末，每夜浓封齿龈上，有
汁沥尽乃卧。其汁出时，仍叩齿勿住。不过十夜，疼、血止。更久尤佳。长慎猪肉、油菜等
。又方∶卒得风，觉耳中恍恍者。急取盐五升，甑蒸使热，以耳枕之，冷复易。又方∶治耳
卒疼痛，以盐蒸
熨之。又方∶手足忽生疣目。以盐敷疣上，令牛舐之，不过三度，又方∶治金疮中风。煎盐
令热，以匙抄沥，取水，热泻疮上。冷更着，一日许勿住，取瘥，大效。又方∶治赤白久下
，谷道疼痛不可忍。宜服温汤，熬盐熨之。又，炙枳实熨之妙。经验方∶治蚯蚓咬。浓作盐
汤，浸身数遍，瘥。浙西军将张韶为此虫所咬，其形如大风，眉须皆落。每夕蚯蚓鸣于体，
有僧教以此方，愈。梅师方治心腹胀坚，痛闷不安，虽未吐下，欲死。以盐五合，水一升，
煎令消，顿服。自吐下，食出即定，不吐更服。又方，治金中经脉伤皮及诸大脉，血出多，
心血冷则杀人。宜炒盐三撮，酒调服之。又方，治蜈蚣咬人痛不止。嚼盐沃上及以盐汤浸疮
，极妙。其蜈蚣有赤足者螫人，黄足者痛甚。又方，治热病，下部有 虫生疮。熬盐绵裹熨
之，不过三度，瘥。孙真人食忌主眯眼者。以少盐并豉，置水视之，立出。又方主卒喉中生
肉。以绵裹箸头柱盐揩，日六、七度，易，又方，主卒中尸遁，其状腹胀气急冲心或块起，
或牵腰脊者是。服盐汤取吐。食医心镜∶盐，主杀鬼蛊气，下部 疮，伤寒寒热，吐胸中痰
癖，止心腹卒痛，坚肌骨。黄帝云∶食甜瓜竟食盐成霍乱。又，主大小肠不通。取盐和苦酒
，敷脐中，干即易。广利方∶治气淋，脐下切痛。以盐和醋调下。集验方∶主毒箭。以盐贴
疮上，灸盐三十壮，瘥。范汪方主转筋。以盐一升，水一升半作汤，洗渍之。又方∶主目中
泪出不得开即刺痛方∶以盐如大豆许，纳目中，习习，去盐，以冷水数洗目瘥。产宝方治妊
娠心腹痛，不可忍。以一斤盐，烧令赤，以三指取一撮酒服瘥。子母秘录∶小儿撮口，盐、
豉脐上灸之。后魏李孝伯传盐九种，各有所宜。白盐主上所自食，黑盐治腹胀气满，末之，
以酒服六铢。素问∶咸伤血，发渴之证。丹房镜源∶盐消作汁，拒火之力。
衍义曰∶食盐，《素问》曰∶咸走血。故东方食鱼盐之人多黑色，走血之验，故可知矣。
病
嗽及
水者，宜全禁之。北狄用以淹尸，取其不坏也，至今如此。若中蚯蚓毒，当以
盐洗沃，亦宜汤化饮汁。其烧剥金银，熔汁作药，仍须解州池盐为佳。齿缝中多出血，常以
盐汤嗽，即已。益齿走血之验也。
【背景信息】
书名：证类本草 作者：唐慎微 朝代：宋 章节：食盐 类别：本草
[图片：食盐图一]
[图片：食盐图二]
味咸，性温，无毒。主要功效包括杀灭鬼蛊邪疰毒瓦斯（指致病的邪气与毒气），治疗下部疮疡，伤寒引起的寒热往来，吐出胸中的痰饮癖积，制止心腹部的突发剧痛，以及坚固肌肉和骨骼。但多食会损伤肺脏，导致容易咳嗽。
陶隐居（陶弘景）说：在五味之中，只有盐是不可缺少的。有东海盐、北海盐以及河东盐池产盐，梁州、益州有盐井，交州、广州有南海盐，西羌地区有山盐，胡地中有树盐，它们的颜色和种类各不相同，其中以河东盐为最佳。东海盐和官盐呈白色，颗粒细小。州盐味道苦。不知道它们在疗效上是否有优劣之分？西方和北方的人，饮食不耐过咸，却大多长寿少病，面色红润。东方和南方的人，饮食极度追求咸味，却大多短命多病，这显然是有害健康的，这也印证了盐多食伤肺的说法。然而，用盐浸泡鱼肉，能使其长久保存而不腐败；用盐沾湿布帛，则容易导致朽烂。不同的用途各有其适宜之处。现在的注释：《新修本草》原将其列在米部，现在移入此处。臣禹锡等人谨按蜀本记载：多食会导致面色晦暗、皮肤变黑，损害筋力。《药性论》记载：盐，有小毒。能杀灭各种毒瓦斯、鬼疰之气。主治心痛中恶，或者疼痛牵连腰脐部位。取如鸡蛋大小的盐，用青布包裹烧红，放入酒中一次性服下，应当吐出恶物，主治小儿突然尿闭；将盐放在肚脐中施灸。对于面部的五色疮，用盐水浸湿棉布敷在疮上，每天更换五六次，即可痊愈。又与槐白皮切碎后蒸制，治疗脚气。又空腹时用来刷牙，稍后吐出水来清洗眼睛，对夜间视力模糊有效。治疗妇人私密处疼痛的，用青布包裹盐熨烫。主治鬼疰、尸疰、下部蚀疮，炒盐后用布包裹坐熨，兼治火灼疮。陈藏器说：除了盐原本的功效外，还能祛除风邪，吐出或泻下恶物，杀虫，明目，去除皮肤风毒，调和脏腑，消化宿食，使人强壮健康。人突然小便不通时，将炒热的盐纳入肚脐中，小便即通。陶公认为盐损人，这种说法不当。况且在五味之中，以盐为主，四海之内，哪里没有盐呢？只是西南各夷族地区稍少，人们都烧竹子及树木制成盐来代替。日华子说：暖水脏及霍乱，心痛，金疮，明目，止风泪，祛邪气，治疗一切虫咬疮肿，消食，滋五味，长肉，补皮肤，通大小便。小儿疝气并内肾气痛，用葛袋盛装挂在门口，父母用手拈抖尽，疾病就会痊愈。
《图经本草》说：食盐，旧籍未注明出产州郡。陶隐居说：有东海、北海盐，以及河东盐池，梁州、益州有盐井，交州、广州有南海盐，西羌有山盐，胡地中有木盐。颜色种类不同，以河东盐为优。河东盐，如今解州、安邑两个盐池所产的盐最为精好，就是这种。又有并州两监的末盐，是刮取碱土煎炼而成，不太优良，其咸味大概属于下品所记载的卤碱，产于河东盐池的，指的就是这种。下品还有大盐，产于邯郸及河东池泽。苏恭说：大盐即河东印盐，是人们常吃的盐，形状比末盐粗，就像现在的解盐一样。解州人取盐，在池旁耕地，浇灌池水，每当南风急吹时，一夜之间就能结成满畦的盐，当地人称之为种盐。东海、北海、南海盐，如今沧州、密州、楚州、秀州、温州、台州、明州、泉州、福州、广州、琼州、化州等州的官府煮海水制作，供给民众食用，又称之为泽盐，医方中所说的海盐就是这种。煮盐的器具，汉代称为牢盆，现在有的用铁铸造，有的用竹编成，上下周围涂以蜃灰，宽一丈深一尺，平底，置于灶上，都称为盐盘。《南越志》所说的编织篾片为鼎，混合牡蛎壳就是这种。然后在海边挖掘地为坑，上面铺设竹木，覆盖蓬草茅叶，又在上面堆积沙子。每当潮汐冲刷沙子，卤水淋入坑中。水退后用火炬照射，卤气冲灭火焰，于是取海卤注入盘中煎炼，片刻即可完成。管子说：齐国有渠展之盐，砍伐菹薪煮海水积聚起来，十月开始生成，到正月形成三万（单位），就是这样。菹薪是指用茅草作为燃料。梁州、益州的盐井，如今归州及西川各郡都有盐井，汲取卤水煎炼作盐，如同煮海的方法，只是供当地百姓食用罢了。西羌山盐、胡地水盐，即下条所说光明盐，产于盐州。下品有戎盐，产于胡盐山及西羌北地酒泉福禄城东南角。北海青盐，南海赤盐就是这种。然而羌胡的盐种类自然很多。陶注又说：虏中盐有九种：白盐、食盐、常食者、黑盐、柔盐、赤盐、驳盐、臭盐、马齿盐之类，今人不能全部识别。医家治疗眼疾及补下药多用青盐，怀疑这就是戎盐。而《神农本草经》说：北海青，南海赤，如今从西羌来的青盐，形状块状方棱，明亮莹润而青黑色，最为奇特。从北胡来的，做成大块且不光亮，又多孔窍像蜂巢状，颜色也比西盐浅，当地人称之为盐枕，入药较差劣。北胡还有一种盐，成片屑如碎白石，当地人也称其为青盐，密封在匣中，与盐枕一起作为礼物，不知是什么颜色种类。又阶州出产一种石盐，生于山石中，不由煎炼，自然成盐，颜色非常明亮莹润，当地人很珍视它，说这就是光明盐。医方不用，所以不能完全分辨。又通州、泰州、海州都有停户刮碱煎盐输纳给官府，如同并州末盐之类，用来供给江湖地区，极为丰富充裕，其味道甚至优于并州末盐。滨州也有人户煎炼草土盐，颜色最粗黑，不堪入药，只能喂马罢了。又下有绿盐条记载：用光明盐、砂、赤铜屑酿造成块，绿色，真正的产自焉耆国，在水中石头下取得，形状像扁青、空青，如今听说不认识这种东西，医方也不用。唐代柳宗元编纂《救三死治霍乱盐汤方》说：元和十一年十月患干霍乱，上不能吐，下不能利，出冷汗约三大斗，气息即绝。河南房伟传授此汤，入口即吐，绝气复通。其方法：用盐一大匙，熬至黄色，童子小便一升，两物温和服下，不久吐下即愈。刘禹锡《传信方》记载崔中丞炼盐黑丸方：盐一升捣末，放入粗瓷瓶中装满，封好泥头，起初用火烤，渐渐加炭火，不要让瓶子破裂，等到烧得通红透彻，盐化成如水汁状，就撤去火，盐冷却后即凝固，打破瓶子取出。豆豉一升炒焦，桃仁一两和麸皮炒熟，巴豆二两，去掉心膜，用纸包着炒出油，必须生熟得当，太生则效力弱，太生又伤人，四样药物分别研捣成熟药，称量蜂蜜和丸如梧桐子大，每次服三丸，都在清晨服用。天行时气，用豆豉汁及茶送下均可。服药后多吃茶汁以行药力。心痛，用酒送下，入口便止。血痢，用饮水送下，初变为水痢，随后便止。鬼疟，用茶饮送下。骨热，用白蜜汤送下。忌冷浆水。合药久了丸子稍加大一点。凡服药后吐痢，不要奇怪。服药一天，忌口两天，如果吐痢过多，就煎黄连汁服用来停止。清晨服药，到小食时以后，不吐痢的，如果遇到杀药人（指药力过猛伤害身体），就再服一、两丸投之。该药冬季合制，腊月尤其好，用瓷盒盛贮，用腊纸封口，不要让气体泄漏。清河崔能说：合得一剂，可救百人。天行时气，突然急需寻找诸药不得，又恐过时，或在路途或在村落，无诸药可求，只需将此药一刀圭，即可抵大黄、朴硝数两，曾经试用有效。宜在民间及使者之间推行，若小儿、女子不可服多，会被搅动作呕。唐代另有药盐法，出于张文仲。唐代士大夫多制作此法。
食疗：蠼螋尿疮，盐三升，水一斗，煮取六升，用绵蘸汤掩覆疮上。又，治一切气及脚气，取盐三升，蒸，候热分裹，靠近墙壁，脚踏之，令脚心热。又，和槐白皮蒸用，也治香港脚（脚气）。每晚使用良好。又，以皂荚两梃，盐半两，同烧令通赤，细研。每晚用来刷牙。一月后有松动者牙齿及出血牙齿，均痊愈，牙齿牢固。圣惠方：治小儿脐风湿。以盐二两，豉二合，相和烂捣，捏作饼子如钱大，安新瓦上炙令热，以熨脐上，痊愈。也用黄柏药末敷之。又方，治肝风虚，转筋入腹。以盐半斤，水煮少时，热渍之佳。外台秘要，治胸心痰饮，伤寒热病，瘴疟须吐者。以盐末一大匙，以水或暖汤送下，须臾则吐。吐不快，明旦更服，甚良。又方，治天行后两胁胀满，小便涩。熬盐熨脐下。又方，主风，身体如虫行。盐一斗，水一石，煎减半，澄清温洗三、五度，治一切风。千金方，治齿龈宣露。每旦捻盐纳口中，以热水含嗽齿百遍，不过五日齿即牢密。又方主逆生。以盐涂儿足底，又可急搔爪之。千金翼：治诸疮癣初生，或始痛时。以单方救不效，嚼盐涂之妙。肘后方治中风，但腹中切痛。以盐半斤，熬令水尽，着口中，饮热汤二升，得吐愈。又方：齿疼，龈间出血，极验。以盐末，每夜浓封齿龈上，有汁沥尽乃卧。其汁出时，仍叩齿勿住。不过十夜，疼、血止。更久尤佳。长慎猪肉、油菜等。又方：卒得风，觉耳中恍恍者。急取盐五升，甑蒸使热，以耳枕之，冷复易。又方：治耳卒疼痛，以盐蒸熨之。又方：手足忽生疣目。以盐敷疣上，令牛舐之，不过三度，又方：治金疮中风。煎盐令热，以匙抄沥，取水，热泻疮上。冷更着，一日许勿住，取瘥，大效。又方：治赤白久下，谷道疼痛不可忍。宜服温汤，熬盐熨之。又，炙枳实熨之妙。经验方：治蚯蚓咬。浓作盐汤，浸身数遍，瘥。浙西军将张韶为此虫所咬，其形如大风，眉须皆落。每夕蚯蚓鸣于体，有僧教以此方，愈。梅师方治心腹胀坚，痛闷不安，虽未吐下，欲死。以盐五合，水一升，煎令消，顿服。自吐下，食出即定，不吐更服。又方，治金中经脉伤皮及诸大脉，血出多，心血冷则杀人。宜炒盐三撮，酒调服之。又方，治蜈蚣咬人痛不止。嚼盐沃上及以盐汤浸疮，极妙。其蜈蚣有赤足者螫人，黄足者痛甚。又方，治热病，下部有虫生疮。熬盐绵裹熨之，不过三度，瘥。孙真人食忌主眯眼者。以少盐并豉，置水视之，立出。又方主卒喉中生肉。以绵裹箸头柱盐揩，日六、七度，易，又方，主卒中尸遁，其状腹胀气急冲心或块起，或牵腰脊者是。服盐汤取吐。食医心镜：盐，主杀鬼蛊气，下部疮，伤寒寒热，吐胸中痰癖，止心腹卒痛，坚肌骨。黄帝云：食甜瓜竟食盐成霍乱。又，主大小肠不通。取盐和苦酒，敷脐中，干即易。广利方：治气淋，脐下切痛。以盐和醋调下。集验方：主毒箭。以盐贴疮上，灸盐三十壮，瘥。范汪方主转筋。以盐一升，水一升半作汤，洗渍之。又方：主目中泪出不得开即刺痛方：以盐如大豆许，纳目中，习习，去盐，以冷水数洗目瘥。产宝方治妊娠心腹痛，不可忍。以一斤盐，烧令赤，以三指取一撮酒服瘥。子母秘录：小儿撮口，盐、豉脐上灸之。后魏李孝伯传盐九种，各有所宜。白盐主上所自食，黑盐治腹胀气满，末之，以酒服六铢。素问：咸伤血，发渴之证。丹房镜源：盐消作汁，拒火之力。
衍义曰：食盐，《素问》说：咸走血。所以东方吃鱼盐的人多肤色黑，这是走血的验证，由此可知。患有咳嗽及水肿的病人，应该完全禁止食用。北狄人用它来腌制尸体，取其不腐烂，至今如此。如果中了蚯蚓毒，应当用盐清洗冲洗，也应该用汤化开饮用。那些烧剥金银，熔汁作药的，仍然须用解州池盐为佳。齿缝中多出血，常用盐汤漱口，即已。这是益齿走血的验证。
[Image: Salt Diagram 1]
[Image: Salt Diagram 2]
Taste: Salty. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Main indications include killing Gui Gu (ghostly parasites) and evil Zhu (infectious diseases) toxic vapors, treating sores in the lower body, chills and fever caused by Shang Han (Cold Damage), vomiting phlegm and fluid retention in the chest, stopping sudden severe pain in the heart and abdomen, and strengthening muscles and bones. However, excessive consumption damages the Lung, leading to a tendency for coughing.
Tao Hongjing states: Among the five flavors, only salt is indispensable. There are salts from the East Sea, North Sea, and the salt pools of Hedong; salt wells in Liang and Yi provinces; South Sea salt in Jiao and Guang regions; mountain salt in the Western Qiang areas; and tree salt among the Hu people. Their colors and types vary, with the salt from Hedong being considered superior. The salt from the East Sea and official salt are white with fine granules. Salt from prefectures tastes bitter. It is unknown whether they differ in therapeutic efficacy. People in the Western and Northern regions, whose diets are not overly salty, tend to live long, have few illnesses, and possess good complexions. People in the Eastern and Southern regions, whose diets are extremely salty, tend to have shorter lifespans and more illnesses, which is clearly detrimental to health, confirming the notion that excessive salt damages the Lungs. Nevertheless, salting fish and meat preserves them indefinitely without spoilage; dipping cloth and silk in salt causes them to rot easily. Different applications have their own suitability. Current annotation: In *Xin Xiu Ben Cao* (Newly Revised Materia Medica), it was originally listed in the Rice section and has now been moved here. Ministers Yu Xi et al. note according to the Shu edition: Excessive consumption causes darkening of the complexion and skin, and weakens sinews and strength. *Yao Xing Lun* (Discussion on Medicinal Properties) records: Salt has slight toxicity. It can kill various toxic vapors and Gui Zhu qi (evil qi). It treats sudden heart pain or pain radiating to the waist and umbilicus. Take salt the size of a chicken egg, wrap it in green cloth, heat until red-hot, place it in wine, and drink at once; this should induce vomiting of noxious substances, treating sudden urinary retention in infants; moxa application with salt placed in the umbilicus. For five-colored sores on the face, soak cotton in salt water and apply to the sore, changing 5-6 times daily until healed. Also, steam with cut bark of Sophora albida (Huai Bai Pi) to treat jiaqi (foot Qi/edema). Brush teeth on an empty stomach, then spit out and rinse eyes; effective for poor night vision. For pain in women's private parts, wrap salt in green cloth and apply hot compress. Treats Gui Zhu, Shi Zhu (corpse transmission), and erosive sores in the lower body; sit on a cloth-wrapped bag of fried salt for hot compression, also treating burns. Chen Cangqi states: Besides its original functions, salt expels wind pathogens, induces vomiting or purging of noxious substances, kills parasites, brightens the eyes, removes wind toxins from the skin, harmonizes the Zang-Fu organs, digests retained food, and promotes robust health. For sudden urinary obstruction, insert fried salt into the umbilicus to restore urination. Tao Gong's claim that salt harms people is inappropriate. After all, salt is primary among the five flavors and is found everywhere within the four seas. Only the southwestern barbarian tribes have less access, burning bamboo and wood to make substitute salt. Ri Hua Zi states: Warms the Water Zang (Kidneys) and treats Huo Luan (Cholera-like syndrome), heart pain, metal wounds, brightens eyes, stops wind-tearing, dispels evil qi, treats all insect-bite sores and swellings, aids digestion, nourishes the five flavors, promotes flesh growth, supplements the skin, and unblocks bowel and bladder movements. For infant hernia and internal kidney Qi pain, hang a pouch made of kudzu fiber at the door; parents shake it thoroughly, and the disease will heal.
*Tujing Bencao* (Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica) states: Salt's origin in specific provinces was not recorded in older texts. Tao Hongjing mentions salts from the East Sea, North Sea, Hedong salt pools, Liang/Yi salt wells, Jiao/Guang South Sea salt, Western Qiang mountain salt, and Hu tree salt. Colors and types differ, with Hedong salt being best. Hedong salt produced in the two pools of Jiezhou and Anyi is the finest. There is also "powdered salt" from two supervision offices in Bingzhou, made by scraping alkaline soil and refining; it is inferior, likely corresponding to the "halo alkali" mentioned in the Lower Grade, produced in Hedong salt pools. The Lower Grade also lists "large salt," produced in Handan and Hedong marshes. Su Gong states: Large salt is the Hedong seal salt, commonly eaten by people, coarser than powdered salt, resembling modern Jie salt. People in Jiezhou cultivate salt by plowing fields near the pool, irrigating with pool water; when strong south winds blow, salt crystallizes overnight covering the ridges, locally called "cultivated salt." Salt from the East, North, and South Seas is currently produced by boiling seawater in government workshops in Cang, Mi, Chu, Xiu, Wen, Tai, Ming, Quan, Fu, Guang, Qiong, and Hua prefectures for public consumption, also known as Ze salt, or sea salt in medical formulas. The vessels for boiling salt were called "Lao Pen" in the Han Dynasty; now they are made of iron or woven bamboo, coated with clam ash inside and out, one zhang wide and one chi deep, flat-bottomed, placed on stoves, collectively called "salt pans." *Nanyue Zhi* describes weaving reeds into cauldrons mixed with oyster shells. Pits are dug by the sea, lined with bamboo and wood, covered with thatch, and piled with sand. Tides wash brine into the pits; after the water recedes, torches are used to illuminate the brine vapor, extinguishing the flame. The brine is then poured into pans and boiled, completing quickly. Guan Zhong stated: Qi had salt from Quzhan; cutting rushes to boil seawater accumulated salt, starting in October and forming 30,000 units by January. Rushes refer to using rush grass as fuel. Salt wells in Liang and Yi exist today in Guizhou and western Sichuan commanderies; brine is drawn and refined like sea salt, but only for local consumption. Western Qiang mountain salt and Hu water salt correspond to the "Bright Salt" mentioned below, produced in Yanzhou. The Lower Grade lists Rong salt, produced in Huyan Mountain and Beidi of Western Qiang, southeast corner of Luocheng, Jiuquan. Blue salt from the North Sea and red salt from the South Sea are examples. However, Qiang and Hu salts have many varieties. Tao's annotation adds: There are nine types of salt among the nomads: White salt, edible salt, common salt, black salt, soft salt, red salt, mottled salt, smelly salt, horse-tooth salt, etc., which modern people cannot fully identify. Medical practitioners often use blue salt for eye treatments and tonic prescriptions, suspecting it is Rong salt. *Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing* states: Blue from the North Sea, red from the South Sea. Modern blue salt from Western Qiang forms square blocks, bright and translucent with a blue-black color, considered unique. Salt from northern Hu comes in large, dull blocks with honeycomb-like pores, lighter in color than western salt, called "salt pillows" locally, and is inferior for medicinal use. Northern Hu also has a salt in flake form like broken white stone, also called blue salt, sealed in boxes and given as gifts with salt pillows; its color type is unknown. Jiexhou produces a kind of rock salt formed naturally in mountain rocks without refining, very bright and valued locally as Bright Salt. It is not used in medical formulas, making detailed distinction difficult. Tong, Tai, and Haizhou have households scraping alkaline earth to refine salt for the government, similar to Bingzhou powdered salt, supplied to Jianghu regions abundantly, with a taste superior to Bingzhou powdered salt. Binzhou has households refining grass-earth salt, which is coarse and black, unsuitable for medicine, only fit for feeding horses. The entry for Green Salt states: Made by fermenting Bright Salt, cinnabar, and copper filings into blocks; true ones come from Yanqi Kingdom, found under stones in water, resembling Bian Qing or Kong Qing. Currently, no one recognizes this, and it is not used in medicine. Liu Zongyuan of Tang compiled the *Salt Soup Formula for Saving Three Deaths and Treating Cholera*: In the 10th year of Yuanhe, October, he suffered dry cholera, unable to vomit or purge, sweating three dou of cold sweat, nearly dying. Fang Wei from Henan transmitted this soup; upon ingestion, vomiting occurred, and breath returned. Method: Use one large spoonful of salt, fried until yellow, mixed with one sheng of urine from a young boy, taken warm; vomiting and purging ensue, leading to recovery. Liu Yuxi's *Chuan Xin Fang* records Cui Zhongcheng's formula for Smoked Salt Black Pills: One sheng of salt ground to powder, packed tightly in a rough porcelain jar, sealed with mud. Initially heated over fire, gradually adding charcoal, avoiding breaking the jar, until red-hot throughout and salt melts like liquid. Remove fire; salt solidifies upon cooling. Break jar to retrieve. One sheng of fermented soybeans (Chi) fried until scorched, one liang of peach kernels fried with bran until cooked, two large liang of croton seeds (Ba Dou) with hearts and membranes removed, fried in paper until oil emerges. Must be properly roasted; too raw lacks potency, too raw hurts the body. Grind all four ingredients separately into mature powders, mix with measured honey to form pills the size of wutong seeds. Take three pills each time, preferably in the morning. For epidemic fevers, take with fermented soybean juice or tea. Drink plenty of tea afterward to enhance efficacy. For heart pain, take with wine; stops immediately. For bloody dysentery, take with water; initially turns watery, then stops. For ghost malaria, take with tea. For bone heat, take with white honey water. Avoid cold grain water. Pills may be slightly enlarged if stored long. Do not be alarmed by vomiting or purging after taking. Fast for two days after one day of medication. If vomiting/purging is excessive, take decocted Coptis chinensis (Huang Lian) juice to stop it. If no vomiting/purging occurs by the time of minor meal after morning dosing, and if overdose symptoms occur, take one or two more pills. Best prepared in winter, especially December. Store in porcelain jars sealed with wax paper to prevent leakage. Cui Neng of Qinghe claims one dose can save a hundred people. For epidemics, if other medicines are unavailable or time is critical, even in travel or villages, one dao gui of this salt pill equals several liang of Da Huang or Po Xiao. Tested and effective. Suitable for commoners and envoys. Children and women should not take large doses to avoid nausea. Another Tang method, medicinal salt, originated from Zhang Wenzhong, widely practiced by Tang literati.
Dietary Therapy: For wet eczema (Qu Sou), use three sheng of salt and one dou of water, boil down to six sheng, soak cotton in the broth, and apply to the sore. For all Qi disorders and foot Qi, steam three sheng of salt, wrap while hot, stand against a wall, and step on the wraps to heat the soles of the feet. Steam with Sophora albida bark for Hong Kong foot (tinea pedis); nightly use is beneficial. Burn two stalks of Gleditsia sinensis (Zao Jia) with half a liang of salt until red-hot, grind finely; brush teeth nightly. After one month, loose or bleeding teeth heal and become firm. *Shenghui Fang*: For infant umbilical dampness-wind, mix two liang of salt with two he of fermented soybeans, pound well, shape into coin-sized cakes, heat on a new tile, and apply hot compress to the umbilicus. Also apply Phellodendron amurense (Huang Bo) powder. Another formula for Liver wind deficiency with spasms pulling into the abdomen: Boil half a jin of salt in water briefly, apply hot compress. *Waitai Miyao*: For phlegm-fluid in chest/heart, Shanghan febrile disease, or malarial fever requiring emesis: Take one large spoonful of salt powder, swallow with water or warm soup; vomiting occurs shortly after. If ineffective, repeat next morning. Another formula for hypochondriac fullness and difficult urination post-epidemic: Apply hot compressed fried salt below the umbilicus. Another for wind sensation like insects crawling on body: Boil one dou of salt in one shi of water until reduced by half, clarify, and wash warmly 3-5 times to treat all wind conditions. *Qianjin Fang*: For receding gums, rub salt into mouth every morning, gargle with hot water 100 times; teeth become firm within five days. Another for breech birth: Rub salt on infant's soles and scratch urgently. *Qianjin Yifang*: For early-stage sores and tinea itching: If single herbs fail, chew salt and apply externally. *Ji Hou Fang*: For stroke with severe abdominal pain: Fry half a jin of salt until dry, place in mouth, drink two sheng of hot water to induce vomiting and cure. Another for toothache and bleeding gums: Apply thick paste of salt powder to gums nightly; drain juice before sleeping; clench teeth during drainage. Pain and bleeding stop within ten nights; longer is better. Avoid pork and rapeseed greens. Another for sudden wind with ear buzzing: Steam five sheng of salt in a steamer, use as pillow for ears, replace when cool. Another for sudden ear pain: Steam and compress with salt. Another for sudden warts on hands/feet: Apply salt to warts and let a cow lick; three applications suffice. Another for traumatic wounds exposed to wind: Heat salt, drip onto wound with spoon; keep warm for a day until healed. Another for chronic bloody/non-bloody dysentery with unbearable anal pain: Drink warm soup and apply hot compressed fried salt; also apply hot compressed Zhi Shi (processed Fructus Aurantii). *Jingyan Fang*: For leech bites: Soak body in concentrated salt water several times until healed. General Zhang Shao of Zhejiang was bitten, resembling severe windstroke with loss of eyebrows/beard; leeches sounded on his body nightly. A monk taught this formula, curing him. *Mei Shi Fang*: For abdominal distension, hardness, and pain: Boil five he of salt in one sheng of water until dissolved, take at once. Spontaneous vomiting/purging occurs; if food exits, calm settles; if not, repeat. Another for trauma severing meridians/skin with heavy bleeding causing cold heart blood death: Take three pinches of fried salt mixed with wine. Another for centipede bites: Chew salt and apply, or soak wound in salt water. Red-legged centipedes sting painfully; yellow-legged cause severe pain. Another for febrile disease with parasitic sores in lower body: Compress with wrapped fried salt; three applications cure. Sun Simiao's dietary taboos: For foreign bodies in eyes, view through water containing little salt and fermented soybeans; object appears immediately. Another for sudden throat polyps: Wrap chopstick tip in cotton, dip in salt, wipe; change 6-7 times daily. Another for sudden corpse-possession (Shi Dun) with abdominal distension, shortness of breath, heart pressure, or lumps radiating to waist/spine: Induce vomiting with salt water. *Shiyi Xinjing*: Salt kills Gui Gu qi, treats lower body sores, Shanghan chills/fever, vomits chest phlegm, stops sudden heart/abdominal pain, strengthens muscles/bones. Yellow Emperor says: Eating melon followed by salt causes cholera. Also treats intestinal blockage: Mix salt with vinegar, apply to umbilicus, change when dry. *Guangli Fang*: For Qi strangury with sharp umbilical pain: Mix salt with vinegar and take. *Jiyan Fang*: For poisoned arrows: Apply salt to wound, moxa salt for 30 cones until healed. *Fan Wang Fang*: For muscle spasms: Wash/soak with soup made of one sheng salt and one and a half sheng water. Another for tearing eyes preventing opening/stinging pain: Place soybean-sized salt in eye; tingling sensation follows; remove salt and wash eyes with cold water several times until healed. *Chanbao Fang*: For unbearable pregnancy heart/abdominal pain: Burn one jin of salt until red, take a pinch with wine using three fingers until healed. *Zimu Milu*: For infant locking-jaw: Moxa salt and fermented soybeans on umbilicus. Li Xiaobo of Later Wei transmitted nine types of salt, each suitable for different uses. White salt for imperial personal consumption; black salt treats abdominal distension/fullness, powdered and taken with wine, six zhu. *Suwen*: Salty flavor damages Blood, causing thirst. *Danfang Jingyuan*: Salt melting into juice repels fire power.
*Yanyi* states: *Suwen* says: Salty flavor travels to Blood. Thus, people in the East eating fish and salt often have dark skin, verifying the concept of traveling to Blood. Patients with cough and edema should strictly avoid it. Northern Di people use it to embalm corpses to prevent decay, a practice continuing today. For leech poisoning, wash/rinse with salt, or dissolve in soup and drink. For smelting gold/silver to make medicine, Jiezhou pool salt is best. For frequent bleeding from gum lines, rinse with salt water regularly; this verifies the benefit to teeth via traveling to Blood.