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味苦，温，无毒。主除骨间寒热，通利胃气，止咳逆，下气。生河间、南阳、冤句
或平寿、都乡高岸上及田野中。八月、九月采实，阴干。（得术、柏实、青葙，共疗
头风，防风为之使，恶石膏。）
陶隐居云∶河间、冤句、平寿并在北，南阳在西。论蔓荆即应是今作杖捶之荆，而复非
见。其子殊细，正如小麻子，色青黄。荆子实小大如此也。牡荆子及出北方，如乌豆大，正
圆黑。仙术多用牡荆，今人都无识之者。李当之《药录》乃注溲疏下云∶溲疏一名阳栌，一
名牡荆，一名空疏。皮白中空，时有节。子似枸杞子，赤色，味甘、苦，冬月熟。俗仍无识
者。当此实是真，非人篱域阳栌也。按如此说，溲疏主疗与牡荆都不同，其形类乖异，恐乖
实理。而仙方用牡荆，云能通神见鬼，非唯其实，乃枝、叶并好。又云∶有荆树必枝枝相对，
此是牡荆，有不对者，即非牡荆。既为牡，则不应有子，如此并莫详虚实，须更博访及详之
尔。唐本注云∶此即作棰杖荆是也。实细，黄色，茎劲作树，不为蔓生，故称之为牡，非无
实之谓也。按《汉书·郊祀志》以牡荆茎为幡竿，此则明蔓不堪为竿。今所在皆有，此荆既
非《本经》所载。按今生处，乃是蔓荆，将以附此条后，陶为误矣。《别录》云∶荆叶，味
苦，平，无毒。主久痢霍乱转筋，血淋，下部疮湿 。薄脚，主香港脚肿满。其根，味甘、苦，
平，无毒。水煮服，主心风，头风，肢体诸风，解肌发汗。有青、赤二种，以青者为佳。出
《类聚方》今人相承，多以牡荆为蔓荆，此极误也。今按陈藏器本草云∶荆木取茎截，于火
上烧，以物承取沥，饮之去心闷烦热，头风旋目眩，心头漾漾欲吐，卒失音，小儿心热惊痫
，止消渴，除痰唾，令人不睡。
图经曰∶牡荆，生河间、南阳、冤句山谷，或平寿、都乡高岸上及田野中。今眉州、蜀
州及近京亦有之，此即作棰杖者，俗名黄荆是也。枝茎坚劲，作科不为蔓生，故称牡。叶如
篦麻，更疏瘦。花红作穗。实细而黄，如麻子大，或云即小荆也。八月、九月采实，阴干。
此有青、赤二种，以青者为佳。谨按陶隐居《登真隐诀》云∶荆木之华、叶，通神见鬼精。
注云∶寻荆有三种。直云荆木，即是今可作棰杖者，叶香，亦有花、子，子不入药。方术则
用牡荆，牡荆子入药，北方人略无识其木者。《六甲阴符》说∶一名羊栌，一名空疏。理白
而中虚，断植即生。今羊栌斫植亦生，而花、实微细，药家所用者。天监三年，上将合神仙
饭。奉敕论牡荆曰∶荆，花白多子，子粗大。历历疏生，不过三、两茎，多不能圆，或褊或
异，或多似竹节，叶与余荆不殊。蜂多采牡荆，牡荆汁冷而甜。余荆被烧，则烟火气苦。牡
荆体慢汁实，烟火不入其中，主治心风第一。于时即远近寻觅，遂不值。犹用荆叶，今之所
有者云。崔元亮《集验方》治腰脚蒸法∶取荆叶不限多少，蒸令熟热，置于瓮中，其下着火
温之。以病患置于叶中，剩着叶盖，须臾当汗出药中旋旋吃饭，稍倦即止。便以绵衣盖，避
风，仍进葱豉酒及豆酒并得，以瘥为度。又取此荆茎条截，于火上烧之，两头以器承取沥汁
饮之，主心闷烦热，头风旋目眩，心中漾漾欲吐，卒失音，小儿心热惊痫，止消渴，除痰，
令人不睡。
圣惠方∶治湿 疮方。用荆枝烧沥涂之，效。外台秘要头风头痛，取荆不限多少服。《集
验方》同。千金方∶疗九窍出血方，荆叶捣取汁，酒和服二合。又方∶治心虚惊悸不定，羸
瘦方∶荆沥二升，以火煎至一升六合，分服四合，日三夜一。《集验方》同。千金翼治喉肿
疮方，取荆沥稍稍咽之。肘后方疗目卒痛，烧荆木出黄汁敷之。又方姚氏，下赤白痢五、六
年者。烧大荆如臂取沥，服五、六合，即得瘥。又方蛇毒。荆叶袋盛，薄疮肿上。深师方∶
疗疮方∶荆木烧取汁敷之，瘥。姚和众∶小儿通耳方∶取虫食荆子中白粉，和油滴耳中，日
再之。
牡荆实
味苦，性温，无毒。主治消除骨节间的寒热感，疏通胃气，止咳逆，降气。生长在河间、南阳、冤句，或者平寿、都乡的高岸上以及田野中。八月、九月采集果实，阴干。（与术、柏实、青葙子同用，可共同治疗头风；以防风为引经药，畏石膏。）
陶隐居说：河间、冤句、平寿都在北方，南阳在西方。论述蔓荆时，认为应该就是现在用来做杖捶的荆树，但并未亲眼见到。它的果实非常细小，正像小麻子一样，颜色青黄。牡荆子的果实大小也是如此。牡荆子出产于北方，像乌豆那么大，正圆且黑色。仙方中多用牡荆，现在的人都没有认识它的。李当之的《药录》在溲疏条目下注释说：溲疏又名阳栌，又名牡荆，又名空疏。树皮白色中空，有时有节。果实像枸杞子，红色，味道甘、苦，冬天成熟。世俗之人仍然不认识它。这所说的果实是真的，不是人篱笆边的阳栌。按照这种说法，溲疏的主治功效与牡荆完全不同，其形态类别差异很大，恐怕违背了真实道理。而仙方中使用牡荆，说它能通神见鬼，不仅果实好，枝、叶也好。又说：有荆树必定枝条相对生长，这是牡荆，有不相对的，就不是牡荆。既然称为“牡”，就不应该有果实，如此种种都无法详查虚实，需要进一步广泛访问并详细考证才行。唐本注说：这就是用来做棰杖的荆树。果实细小，黄色，茎干强劲长成树木，不蔓生，所以称之为牡，并不是没有果实的意思。按《汉书·郊祀志》记载用牡荆茎作为幡竿，这就明确说明蔓荆不堪用作竿。现在各地都有，这种荆树既然不是《本经》所载。按现在的产地，乃是蔓荆，将其附在此条之后，陶弘景是错误的。《别录》说：荆叶，味苦，性平，无毒。主治久痢霍乱转筋，血淋，下部疮湿。薄脚（小腿消瘦），主治香港脚肿满。其根，味甘、苦，性平，无毒。水煮服用，主治心风，头风，肢体诸风，解肌发汗。有青、赤两种，以青色者为佳。出自《类聚方》今人相承，多以牡荆为蔓荆，这是极大的错误。现在按陈藏器本草说：荆木取茎截断，在火上烧，用器物承接取得的沥汁，饮用可去心闷烦热，头风旋目眩，心头漾漾欲吐，突然失音，小儿心热惊痫，止消渴，除痰唾，令人不睡。
图经说：牡荆，生长在河间、南阳、冤句山谷，或者平寿、都乡的高岸上以及田野中。现在眉州、蜀州及近京也有，这就是用来做棰杖的，俗名黄荆。枝茎坚劲，成丛不蔓生，所以称牡。叶如蓖麻，更疏瘦。花红作穗。果实细而黄，像麻子大，有人说就是小荆。八月、九月采实，阴干。此有青、赤两种，以青色者为佳。谨按陶隐居《登真隐诀》说：荆木的花、叶，能通神见鬼精。注说：寻荆有三种。直云荆木，就是现在可做棰杖的，叶香，也有花、子，子不入药。方术则用牡荆，牡荆子入药，北方人几乎没有认识其树的。《六甲阴符》说：一名羊栌，一名空疏。理白而中虚，断植即生。现在羊栌砍伐后也能再生，而花、实微细，药家所用者。天监三年，皇上将要合制神仙饭。奉敕论牡荆说：荆，花白多子，子粗大。历历疏生，不过三、两茎，多不能圆，或偏或异，或多似竹节，叶与其他荆无异。蜂多采牡荆，牡荆汁冷而甜。其他荆被烧，则烟火气苦。牡荆体慢汁实，烟火不入其中，主治心风第一。当时就远近寻觅，遂未找到。仍用荆叶，现在所拥有的是这样。崔元亮《集验方》治腰脚蒸法：取荆叶不限多少，蒸令熟热，置于瓮中，其下着火温之。让病患置于叶中，剩余用叶盖住，一会儿应当汗出药中慢慢吃饭，稍倦即止。便以绵衣盖，避风，仍进葱豉酒及豆酒都可以，以痊愈为度。又取此荆茎条截断，在火上烧之，两头用器物承接取得沥汁饮之，主治心闷烦热，头风旋目眩，心中漾漾欲吐，突然失音，小儿心热惊痫，止消渴，除痰，令人不睡。
圣惠方：治湿疮方。用荆枝烧沥涂之，有效。外台秘要头风头痛，取荆不限多少服。《集验方》相同。千金方：疗九窍出血方，荆叶捣取汁，酒和服二合。又方：治心虚惊悸不定，羸瘦方：荆沥二升，以火煎至一升六合，分服四合，日三夜一。《集验方》相同。千金翼治喉肿疮方，取荆沥稍稍咽之。肘后方疗目卒痛，烧荆木出黄汁敷之。又方姚氏，下赤白痢五、六年者。烧大荆如臂取沥，服五、六合，即得痊愈。又方蛇毒。荆叶袋盛，薄疮肿上。深师方：疗疮方：荆木烧取汁敷之，痊愈。姚和众：小儿通耳方：取虫食荆子中白粉，和油滴耳中，日再之。
Fructus Viticis Negundo (Mojing Shi)
Bitter, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats the elimination of cold and heat sensations between the bones, promotes the free flow of Stomach Qi, stops cough with counterflow of Qi, and directs Qi downward. Grows in Hejian, Nanyang, Yuanju, or on high banks in Pingshou, Duxiang, as well as in fields. The fruits are harvested in the eighth and ninth lunar months and dried in the shade. (When used together with Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu), Semen Platycladi (Baishi), and Semen Celosiae (Qingxiang), it collectively treats Head Wind; Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng) serves as a guiding herb; it is incompatible with Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao).)
Tao Hongjing stated: Hejian, Yuanju, and Pingshou are all in the north, while Nanyang is in the west. In discussing Fructus Viticis Posumbu (Manjing), he believed it should be the Vitex tree currently used for making canes, but he had not seen it personally. Its fruit is extremely small, resembling hemp seeds, with a greenish-yellow color. The fruit of Mojing is of similar size. Mojing Zi originates from the north, being as large as black beans, perfectly round and black. Immortal prescriptions often use Mojing, yet people today do not recognize it. Li Dangzhi's *Yao Lu* annotates under Sarsaparillae Caulis (Soushu): Soushu is also known as Yanglu, Mojing, or Kongsu. The bark is white and hollow, sometimes with nodes. The fruit resembles Lycii Fructus (Gouqizi), is red, tastes sweet and bitter, and ripens in winter. Common people still do not recognize it. This described fruit is authentic, not the Yanglu found near human fences. According to this description, the therapeutic effects of Soushu are entirely different from those of Mojing, and their morphological categories differ significantly, which likely contradicts reality. However, immortal prescriptions use Mojing, claiming it can facilitate spiritual communication and vision of ghosts; not only its fruit is beneficial, but also its branches and leaves. It is further stated that if a Jing tree has branches growing opposite each other, it is Mojing; if not, it is not Mojing. Since it is called "Male" (Mu), it should not have fruit. Such matters cannot be verified as true or false without detailed investigation, requiring extensive inquiry and verification. The *Tang Ben Zhu* states: This is indeed the Jing tree used for making canes. The fruit is small and yellow; the stem is sturdy and grows as a tree, not climbing, hence named "Male" (Mu), implying it is not devoid of fruit. According to the *Book of Han · Treatise on Sacrificial Ceremonies*, Mojing stems were used as flagpoles, clearly indicating that Manjing is unsuitable for poles. It is now present everywhere. This Jing tree is not recorded in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*. Based on current locations, it is actually Manjing, which Tao Hongjing erroneously attached to this entry. The *Bie Lu* states: Jing Ye (Vitex Leaves), bitter, neutral, non-toxic. Primarily treats chronic dysentery, cholera with muscle cramps, hematuria, and damp sores in the lower body. For thin legs, it treats Hongjiao (Charley horse/leg swelling) with fullness. The root, sweet and bitter, neutral, non-toxic, when decocted in water and taken, treats Heart Wind, Head Wind, various wind conditions of the limbs, releases the muscle layer, and induces sweating. There are green and red varieties, with the green variety being superior. Cited from *Leiju Fang*. People nowadays mistakenly identify Mojing as Manjing, which is a great error. According to Chen Cangqi's *Bencao*: When the stem of the Jing wood is cut and burned over fire, collecting the distilled juice (Li) to drink removes heart oppression, vexation, and heat, treats Head Wind with dizziness and vertigo, a sensation of nausea in the heart, sudden loss of voice, pediatric Heart Heat with fright and epilepsy, stops thirst, eliminates phlegm and saliva, and causes insomnia.
*Tujing* states: Mojing grows in the valleys of Hejian, Nanyang, and Yuanju, or on high banks in Pingshou and Duxiang, as well as in fields. It is now also found in Meizhou, Shuzhou, and areas near the capital. This is the type used for making canes, commonly known as Huangjing. The branches and stems are tough and sturdy, growing in clumps rather than climbing, hence called "Male." The leaves resemble Ricinus Communis (Bima) but are more sparse and slender. The flowers are red and form spikes. The fruits are fine and yellow, the size of hemp seeds; some say it is Xiao Jing. Harvested in the eighth and ninth lunar months and dried in the shade. There are green and red varieties, with the green being better. Carefully according to Tao Hongjing's *Deng Zhen Yin Jue*: The flowers and leaves of Jing wood can facilitate spiritual communication and vision of spirits. The annotation states: There are three types of Jing. Directly referring to Jing Mu is what is currently used for canes; the leaves are fragrant, and it has flowers and fruits, but the fruits are not used in medicine. Alchemical practices use Mojing, and Mojing Zi is used in medicine; northerners hardly recognize the tree. *Liu Jia Yin Fu* states: Also known as Yanglu or Kongsu. The texture is white and hollow; it regenerates when cut and planted. Currently, Yanglu regenerates after cutting, but its flowers and fruits are minute, which is what pharmacists use. In the third year of Tianjian, the Emperor was about to prepare Immortal Rice. An edict discussed Mojing: Jing has white flowers and many fruits, with coarse seeds. They grow sparsely, no more than three or two stalks, mostly not round, sometimes flat or irregular, or resembling bamboo nodes. The leaves are indistinguishable from other Jings. Bees frequently gather from Mojing; Mojing juice is cold and sweet. Other Jings, when burned, produce bitter smoke and fire odor. Mojing has a slow body and solid juice, preventing smoke and fire from entering; it is the primary treatment for Heart Wind. At that time, searches were conducted far and wide, but none were found. Thus, Jing Ye was still used, which is what is currently available. Cui Yuanliang's *Ji Yan Fang* for treating waist and leg steaming method: Take an unspecified amount of Jing Ye, steam until hot, place in a jar, and apply heat underneath. Place the patient among the leaves, cover with remaining leaves, and sweat should occur shortly. Eat slowly within the medicinal environment; stop when slightly fatigued. Cover with cotton clothes, avoid wind, and consume Congchi Wine (Scallion and Fermented Soybean Wine) or Dou Wine (Bean Wine); continue until recovery. Additionally, take these Jing stems, cut them, burn them over fire, collect the distillate from both ends in vessels, and drink it. It treats heart oppression, vexation, heat, Head Wind with dizziness, nausea in the heart, sudden loss of voice, pediatric Heart Heat with fright and epilepsy, stops thirst, eliminates phlegm, and causes insomnia.
*Shenghui Fang*: Prescription for treating damp sores. Apply the distillate from burning Jing branches; effective. *Waitai Miyao* for Head Wind and headache: Take Jing, unspecified amount, to be taken orally. Same as *Ji Yan Fang*. *Qianjin Fang*: Prescription for bleeding from the nine orifices. Crush Jing Ye to extract juice, mix with wine, and take 2 liang. Another prescription: For Heart deficiency with palpitations and instability, emaciation. Take 2 sheng of Jing Li, boil down to 1.6 sheng, divide into four doses of 4 liang each, taken three times daily and once at night. Same as *Ji Yan Fang*. *Qianjin Yi* for throat swelling and sores: Swallow Jing Li gradually. *Zhouhou Fang* for sudden eye pain: Burn Jing wood to obtain yellow juice and apply. Another prescription by Yao Shi: For chronic bloody and white dysentery lasting five to six years. Burn large Jing branches as thick as an arm to obtain distillate, take 5-6 liang, and recover immediately. Another prescription for snake venom. Store Jing Ye in a bag and apply thinly to the swollen sore. *Shenshi Fang*: Prescription for sores. Burn Jing wood to obtain juice and apply; curative. Yao Hezhong: Prescription for opening infant ears. Take the white powder inside Jing seeds eaten by insects, mix with oil, and drip into the ear twice daily.