\r砒霜\pd49.bmp\r
味苦、酸，有毒。主诸疟，风痰在胸膈。可作吐药，不可久服，能伤人。飞炼砒黄而
成，造作别有法。（今附）
臣禹锡等谨按日华子云∶砒霜，暖。治妇人血气冲心痛，落胎。又砒黄，暖，亦有毒。
畏绿豆、冷水、醋。治疟疾，肾气带，辟蚤虱。入药以醋煮杀毒，乃用。
图经曰∶砒霜，旧不着所出郡县，今近铜山处亦有之，唯信州者佳。其块甚有大者，色
如鹅
黄，明澈不杂。此类本处自是难得之物，每一两大块真者。人竞珍之，市之不啻金价。古服
食方中亦或用之，必得此类，乃可入药。其市肆所蓄，片如细屑，亦夹土石，入药服之，为
害不浅。误中，解之∶用冷水研绿豆浆饮之，乃无也。
雷公云∶凡使，用小瓷瓶子盛，后入紫背天葵、石龙芮二味，三件便下火 ，从巳至申，
便
用
甘草水浸，从申至子，出，拭干，却入瓶盛，于火中 ，别研三万下用之。圣惠方∶治卒中
风
，昏愦若醉，痰涎壅盛，四肢不收。方用砒霜如绿豆大，研，以新汲水调下少许，用熟水投
，大吐即愈。若未吐，再服。又方∶治恶刺方∶用砒霜细研，和胶清涂之。博济方∶治小儿
牙宣
，常有鲜血不止，牙龈臭烂。砒黄一钱，麝香半钱，同研细，先用纸条子以生油涂之，后掺
药末在上，少用末，剪作小片纸棋子大，看大小用，插在烂动处。孙尚药∶治 疾。信砒二
两
，别研如粉，寒水石三两，别捣末。上用一生铁铫子，先铺石末一半，后堆砒末在上，又以
石末盖头。然后取浓盏盖之，周回醋糊纸条子密封约十重，以炭火一斤以来，安铫子在上。
候纸
条子黑取出，置冷地上候冷，取开盏子，净刮取砒石末一处，入乳钵内细研，以软粟米饭和
丸如梧子，更别作小丸子一等，以备小儿服，以飞过辰砂为衣，候干入瓷合收。每人服时，
于发日早，腊茶清下一丸，一日内不得食热物。合时先扫洒一净室中合之，不得令妇人、猫
、犬、鸡、鼠等见，收得时亦如然。若妇人患则男着在口中，男子患亦然。灵苑方∶治瘰
。
用信州砒黄，细研，滴浓墨汁丸如梧桐子大，于铫子内炒令干，后用竹筒子盛。要用于所患
处灸破或针，将药半丸敲碎贴之，以自然蚀落为度。觉药尽时，更贴少许。青霞子《宝藏论
》云∶砒霜，若草伏住火 ，色不变移，熔成汁，添得者，点铜成银。若只质枯折者，不堪
用。丹房镜源云∶砒霜化铜干汞。别说云∶谨按今信州玉山有砒井，官中封禁甚严。生不
夹石
者，色赤甚如雄黄，以冷水磨，解热毒，治痰壅甚效。近火即杀人，《图经》所谓不啻金价
者此也。若今市人通货者，即取山中夹砂石者，烧烟飞作白霜，乃碎屑而芒刺，其伤火多者
，块大而微黄，则《图经》所谓如鹅子色明澈者此也。古方并不入药，唯见烧炼丹石家用。
近
人多以治疟，然大意本以生者能解热毒。盖疟本伤暑故用。今俗医乃不究其理，即以所烧霜
用，服之必吐下，因此幸有安者，遂为定法，尔后所损极多，不可不慎也。初取飞烧霜时，
人在上风十余丈外立，下风所近草木皆死。又多见以和饭毒鼠，若猫、犬食死鼠者亦死，其
毒过于射罔远矣。可不察之。又衡山所出一种，力差劣于信州者云。
衍义曰∶砒霜，疟家或用，才过剂，则吐泻兼作，须浓研绿豆汁，仍兼冷水饮，得石脑
油即
伏
。今信州凿坑井，下取之。其坑常封锁，坑中有浊绿水，先绞水尽，然后下凿取。生砒谓之
砒黄，其色如牛肉，或有淡白路，谓石非石，谓土非土，磨研酒饮，治癖积气有功。才见火
，更有毒，不可造次服也。取砒之法∶将生砒就置火上，以器覆之，令砒烟上飞，着覆器，
遂凝结，累然下垂如乳。尖长者为胜，平短者次之。《图经》言大块者，其大块者已是下等
，片如细屑者极下也。入药当用如乳尖长者，直须详谨。
砒霜
味苦、酸，有毒。主治各种疟疾，以及胸膈间的风痰。可以作为催吐药使用，但不可长期服用，否则会伤害人体。它是通过飞炼砒黄而制成的，制作工艺另有特殊方法。（此处为后世附注）
臣禹锡等人谨按：日华子说：砒霜，性暖。能治疗妇人血气冲心引起的疼痛，并有堕胎作用。另外，砒黄，性暖，也有毒。畏惧绿豆、冷水和醋。用于治疗疟疾、肾气带（一种病症），并能驱避跳蚤和虱子。入药时需先用醋煮以杀灭毒性，然后才能使用。
《图经》说：砒霜，旧籍中未记载其出产的郡县，如今靠近铜山的地方也有产出，只有信州产的最好。其块状物有的很大，颜色像鹅黄色，明亮清澈无杂质。这类东西在当地本是难得之物，每一两一块的真品，人们竞相珍视，市场价格不止黄金的价格。古代服食方中有时也会用到它，必须得到这种真品，才可入药。市场上所储存的，片状如细屑，也夹杂土石，入药服用，危害不浅。如果误中毒，解救方法是：用冷水研磨绿豆浆饮用，即可解毒。
雷公说：凡使用砒霜，用小瓷瓶盛装，随后放入紫背天葵、石龙芮这两味药，三样一起下火，从巳时到申时，然后用甘草水浸泡，从申时到子时，取出，擦干，再放入瓶中盛装，在火中煅烧，另研三万次后使用。《圣惠方》：治疗卒中中风，神志昏愦如同醉酒，痰涎壅盛，四肢不能收持。方子用绿豆大小的砒霜，研细，用新汲水调服少许，再用熟水送服，大吐后即愈。如果未吐，再服一次。另一个方子：治疗恶刺（指毒刺或疮疡）：用砒霜细研，调和胶清涂抹患处。《博济方》：治疗小儿牙宣（牙龈萎缩出血），常有鲜血不止，牙龈臭烂。取砒黄一钱，麝香半钱，共同研细，先用纸条蘸生油涂抹，然后将药末撒在上面，取少量药末，剪成小片纸棋子大小，根据患处大小，插在腐烂动摇处。孙尚药：治疗痢疾。取信州砒二两，另研如粉状；寒水石三两，另捣成末。上面用一口生铁铫子，先铺一半石末，后将砒末堆在上面，再用石末覆盖顶部。然后取浓盏盖住，周围用醋糊纸条密封约十层厚，用一斤炭火加热，将铫子放在上面。等到纸条变黑时取出，放置在冷地上冷却，打开盏子，干净地刮取砒石末一处，放入乳钵内细研，用软粟米饭和丸，如梧桐子大小，另外制作更小的丸子，以备小儿服用，以飞过辰砂为衣，干燥后装入瓷盒收藏。每人服用时，在发病当日早晨，用腊茶清送服一丸，一日内不得吃热物。配制时要先打扫一间洁净房屋进行合药，不能让妇女、猫、狗、鸡、鼠等看见，收藏时也要如此。如果是妇女患病，则由男子含在口中；男子患病亦然。《灵苑方》：治疗瘰疬。取信州砒黄，细研，滴浓墨汁丸如梧桐子大，在铫子内炒干，后用竹筒盛装。要用时，在患处灸破或针刺，将药半丸敲碎贴敷，以自然腐蚀脱落为度。感觉药效尽时，再贴少许。青霞子《宝藏论》说：砒霜，如果被草伏住火，颜色不变移，熔化成汁，添得者，点铜成银。如果只是质地干枯折断的，不堪使用。《丹房镜源》说：砒霜能化铜干汞。《别说》说：谨按如今信州玉山有砒井，官府封禁非常严格。生砒不夹杂石头的，颜色赤红很像雄黄，用冷水磨，解热毒，治疗痰壅非常有效。靠近火就会杀人，《图经》所说的价格不啻金价的就是这个。如果现在市人流通贩卖的，就是取山中夹杂砂石者，烧烟飞作白霜，乃是碎屑而有芒刺，其中受火多的，块大而微黄，这就是《图经》所说的像鹅子色明澈的那个。古方并不入药，只见烧炼丹石的人家用。近来人多用它治疟疾，但大意原本是以生者能解热毒。因为疟疾本因伤暑所致所以使用。现在的俗医却不探究其理，直接用所烧制的霜使用，服用后必然引起呕吐腹泻，因此侥幸有痊愈的，便定为定法，此后损害极多，不可不谨慎。初取飞烧霜时，人在上风十余丈外站立，下风所近的草木皆死。又常见有人用它拌饭毒鼠，如果猫、狗吃了死鼠也会死，其毒性远过于射罔。可不察之吗？另外衡山所出的一种，效力比信州的差一些。
《衍义》说：砒霜，疟疾患者有时使用，才超过剂量，就会吐泻并作，必须浓研绿豆汁，并兼饮冷水，遇到石脑油即可抑制毒性。如今信州凿坑井，向下开采。那个坑经常封锁，坑中有浊绿水，先绞干水，然后下去凿取。生砒称为砒黄，其颜色像牛肉，或者有淡白色纹路，说是石头不是石头，说是泥土不是泥土，磨研酒饮，治疗癖积气有功。刚见到火，更有毒性，不可草率服用。取砒的方法：将生砒就置火上，用器皿覆盖它，让砒烟上飞，附着在覆盖的器皿上，于是凝结，累累下垂像乳汁一样。尖长的为好，平短的次之。《图经》言大块者，那些大块者已是下等，片如细屑的最下等。入药应当用如乳尖长的，必须详细谨慎。
Arsenic Trioxide (Pishuang)
Taste: Bitter, sour. Toxicity: Toxic. Indications: Mainly treats various types of malaria and wind-phlegm in the chest and diaphragm. It can be used as an emetic but should not be taken for a long time as it damages the human body. It is produced by sublimating yellow arsenic (Pihuang), and its preparation involves special methods. (This section is a later addition.)
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note: Rihuazi states that Arsenic Trioxide is warm in nature. It treats pain caused by blood and qi rushing to the heart in women and has the effect of aborting fetuses. Additionally, Yellow Arsenic (Pihuang) is warm and also toxic. It is inhibited by mung beans, cold water, and vinegar. It is used to treat malaria, "Shenqi Dai" (a condition related to kidney qi), and repels fleas and lice. When used in medicine, it must first be boiled in vinegar to neutralize its toxicity before use.
"Tujing" (Illustrated Classic) states: Arsenic Trioxide was not recorded in older texts regarding its place of origin. Currently, it is found near copper mountains, but the best quality comes from Xinzhou. The lumps can be quite large, with a color like goose yellow, bright and clear without impurities. This substance is rare in its local area; one tael of a genuine large lump is highly prized by people, with market prices exceeding that of gold. It is occasionally used in ancient elixir formulas, but only this specific high-quality type is suitable for medicinal use. What is stored in markets consists of fragments like fine dust, often mixed with soil and stones. Using these for medicine causes significant harm. If accidentally poisoned, the antidote is to drink mung bean juice ground with cold water, which resolves the toxicity.
Lei Gong states: For processing, place it in a small porcelain bottle, then add two herbs: Zi Bei Tian Kui (Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens) and Shi Long Rui (Ranunculus japonicus). Heat these three items together from Si hour (09:00-11:00) to Shen hour (15:00-17:00). Then soak in licorice water from Shen hour to Zi hour (23:00-01:00). Remove, dry, put back into the bottle, and calcine over fire. Grind thirty thousand times before use.
"Shenghui Fang": Treats stroke with coma resembling drunkenness, copious phlegm-saliva, and flaccidity of the four limbs. Formula: Use Arsenic Trioxide pieces the size of mung beans, grind finely, mix with fresh well water, and take a small amount. Follow with warm water. Profuse vomiting indicates recovery. If no vomiting occurs, administer again. Another formula for treating malignant thorns (toxic sores): Grind Arsenic Trioxide finely, mix with glue solution, and apply topically.
"Boji Fang": Treats pediatric gingival bleeding (Yaxuan) with continuous fresh blood and foul-smelling, rotting gums. Take 1 qian of Yellow Arsenic (Pihuang) and 0.5 qian of Musk. Grind together finely. First, coat a paper strip with raw oil, then sprinkle the powder on it. Cut the medicated paper into small square pieces matching the lesion size, and insert it into the affected area.
Sun Shangyao: Treats dysentery. Take 2 liang of Xinzhou Arsenic, grind into powder separately. Take 3 liang of Cold Water Stone (Hanshuishi), grind into powder separately. Use a raw iron crucible. Spread half of the stone powder at the bottom, pile the arsenic powder on top, and cover with the remaining stone powder. Cover with a thick ceramic lid. Seal the edges tightly with ten layers of paper strips pasted with vinegar paste. Heat with one jin of charcoal. When the paper turns black, remove it, place on cold ground to cool, open the lid, and scrape off the purified arsenic powder. Mix with soft millet rice paste to form pills the size of sophora seeds. Make smaller pills for children. Coat with processed Cinnabar (Chensha). Store in porcelain jars when dry. Dosage: On the day of onset, take one pill early in the morning with aged tea infusion. Do not consume hot food within 24 hours. Preparation environment must be clean and isolated from women, cats, dogs, chickens, and rats. Storage conditions are similar. If a woman suffers from the disease, a man holds the pill in his mouth; if a man suffers, a woman does so.
"Lingyuan Fang": Treats scrofula (Luoli). Use Xinzhou Yellow Arsenic, grind finely, add concentrated ink juice, and form pills the size of sophora seeds. Stir-fry in a crucible until dry, then store in a bamboo tube. Application: Moxibustion or acupuncture to break the skin at the lesion site. Crush half a pill and apply topically. Continue until the tissue naturally necroses and falls off. Apply a small amount more when the effect diminishes.
Qingxiazi's "Baozang Lun" states: If Arsenic Trioxide is covered by grass during heating and its color does not change, melting into liquid, it can turn copper into silver. If the material is dry and brittle, it is unusable. "Danfang Jingyuan" states: Arsenic Trioxide can volatilize mercury from copper. "Bieshuo" notes: In Xinzhou Yushan, there are arsenic wells strictly sealed by the government. Raw arsenic free of stone impurities is deep red, resembling realgar. Ground with cold water, it effectively clears heat-toxins and treats phlegm obstruction. Proximity to fire is lethal. This refers to the substance described in "Tujing" as worth more than gold. Commercially available arsenic is often derived from mountain rocks containing sand and stone, smoked into white frost, resulting in sharp, fragmented shards. Those heavily fired appear as large, slightly yellow blocks, corresponding to the "goose-yellow, bright and clear" description in "Tujing". Ancient formulas rarely included it in medicine; it was mainly used by alchemists. Recently, many use it for malaria, originally based on the idea that raw arsenic clears heat-toxin, addressing the summer-heat pathogen in malaria. However, contemporary physicians fail to understand this principle and directly use the calcined frost, causing inevitable vomiting and diarrhea. Accidental recoveries led to its standardization, but it has caused immense harm since then. Caution is essential. During the initial sublimation process, standing upwind more than ten zhang away is necessary; vegetation downwind dies. It is also commonly used to poison rats with rice bait; cats and dogs eating poisoned rats also die. Its toxicity far exceeds that of Aconitum alkaloids (She Wang). One should investigate this carefully. Additionally, arsenic from Hengshan is considered inferior to that from Xinzhou.
"Yanyi" states: Arsenic Trioxide is sometimes used by malaria patients. Exceeding the dosage causes simultaneous vomiting and diarrhea. Drinking concentrated mung bean juice mixed with cold water, along with petroleum ether (Shinao You), can suppress the toxicity. Currently, Xinzhou mines arsenic via shafts. These shafts are usually sealed and contain turbid green water. The water is pumped out before mining. Raw arsenic is called Pihuang, with a color resembling beef flesh, sometimes with pale white veins. It is neither stone nor soil. Taken with wine, it treats accumulations and qi stagnation. Upon exposure to fire, its toxicity increases significantly; it must not be taken rashly. Method of extraction: Place raw arsenic on fire, cover with a vessel to collect the rising arsenic fumes. They condense and hang down like milk droplets. Pointed and long crystals are superior; flat and short ones are inferior. "Tujing" mentions large blocks, but these are of lower grade; fragments like dust are the lowest grade. For medicinal use, select the pointed, long crystals resembling milk droplets. Extreme care and precision are required.