\r 石\pd48.bmp\r
味辛、甘，大热、生温、熟热，有毒。主寒热，鼠 ，蚀疮，死肌，风痹，腹中坚，
癖邪气，除热，明目，下气，除膈中热，止消渴，益肝气，破积聚，痼冷腹痛，去鼻中息肉
。久服令人筋挛。火炼百日，服一刀圭。不炼服，则杀人及百兽。一名青分石，一名立制石
，一名固羊石，一名白 石，一名太白石，一名泽乳，一名食盐。生汉中山谷及少室。采无
时。（得火良，棘针为之使，恶马目毒公、 屎、虎掌、细辛，畏水。）
陶隐居云∶今蜀汉亦有，而好者出南康南野溪及彭城界中、洛阳南堑，常取少室。生
石，
纳水中令水不冰，如此则生亦大热。今以黄土泥包，炭火烧之，一日一夕，则解碎可用，疗
冷结
为良。丹方及黄白术多用之，此又湘东新宁及零陵皆有。白 石能柔金。唐本注云∶此石能
拒火，久烧但解散，不可夺其坚。今市人乃取洁白细理石当之，烧即为灰，非也。此药攻击
积聚痼冷之病为良，若以余物代之，疗病无效，正为此也。今汉川武当西辽 名 石谷，此
即是其真出处。少室亦有，粒细理，不如汉中者也。臣禹锡等谨按吴氏云∶白 石一名鼠
乡
。神农、岐伯∶辛，有毒。桐君∶有毒。黄帝∶甘，有毒。季氏云∶或生魏兴，或生少室，
十二月采。山海经云∶皋涂之山有白石焉，名曰 ，可以毒鼠。郭注云∶今 石杀鼠，蚕食
而肥也。说文解字云∶ ，毒石也。博物志云∶鹳伏卵时，取 石周遭绕卵，以助暖气。方
术家取鹳巢中 石，为真也。药性论云∶ 石，使，铅丹为之使，味甘，有小毒。主除胸膈
间积气，去冷湿风痹，瘙痒皆积年者，忌羊血。萧炳云∶不入汤。
图经曰∶ 石，生汉中山谷及少室，令潞州亦有焉。性大热，置水中令水不冰，又坚而
拒火。
烧之一日夕，但解散而不夺其坚。市人多取洁白石当之，烧即为灰也。此药攻击积聚痼冷之
病为良，用之须真者乃佳。又有特生 石，生西域。张华《博物志》云∶鹳伏卵取 石周遭
绕卵，以助暖气。方术家用之，取鹳巢中者为真，即此特生 石也。然此以难得，人多使汉
中者，外形紫赤，内白如霜，中央有臼，形状如齿，其块小于白 石，而肌粒大数倍，乃如
小豆许。白 石粒细，才若粟米耳。又有握雪 石，出徐州西宋里山，入土丈余，生于烂土
石间，色白细软如面色。又∶下条∶苍石，生西城。苏恭云∶特生 石，一名苍 石，而梁
州特
生，亦有青者。房陵、汉川与白 石同处，亦有青色者，多与特生同，但不入方用。而今医
家多只用 石，即白 石也，形类相近，如此尤宜详择之耳。古方治寒冷积聚，皆用 石。
胡洽大露宿丸，主寒冷百病方∶ 石炼、干姜、桂心、皂荚、桔梗各三两，附子二两，六物
捣筛，蜜丸。服如梧子五丸，日三，渐增，以知为度。又有匈奴露宿丸、硫黄丸，并主积聚
及饮食不下，心腹坚实，皆用 石。近世乃少用者。
丹房镜源云∶红皮 石能伏丹砂，养汞。
衍义曰∶ 石并特生 石，《博物志》及陶隐居皆言此二石，鹳取之以壅卵，如此则是
一物也。隐居又言∶《仙经》不云特生，则只是前白 石。今《补注》但随文解义，不见特
生之意
。盖二条只是一物，但以特生不特生为异耳。所谓特生者，不附着他石为特耳。今用者绝少
，唯两字 石入药。然极须慎用，其毒至甚。及至论鹳巢中者，又却从谬说。鹳巢中皆无
此石，乃曰∶鹳常入水，冷，故取以壅卵。如此则鸬 、鹏 之类，皆食于水，亦自繁息生
化，复不用此二石。其说往往取俗士之言，未尝究其实而穷其理也。尝官于顺安军，亲检鹳
巢，率无石。矧 石焉得处处有之？然治久积及久病胸腹冷有功，直须慎用，盖其毒不可当
石（一种矿物药）
味辛、甘，性大热。生用时温，熟用时热，有毒。主治寒热往来、鼠瘘（淋巴结结核）、腐蚀疮疡、死肌（坏死组织）、风痹（风湿痹痛）、腹中硬块、癖积邪气，能清热、明目、降气、消除膈间热感、止消渴、补益肝气、破除积聚、治疗顽固性冷痛腹痛、去除鼻息肉。长期服用会导致筋脉拘挛。经火炼百日后可服用，每次用量为一刀圭（古代量器名）。不经过炼制直接服用，会致人及百兽死亡。又名青分石、立制石、固羊石、白礜石、太白石、泽乳、食盐。产于汉中山谷及少室山。采集没有固定时间。（以用火煅烧者为佳；棘针为其引经药；忌马目毒公、鼠屎、虎掌、细辛；畏水。）
陶隐居说：如今蜀汉地区也有，但品质好的出自南康南野溪及彭城境内、洛阳南堑，常取用少室山的。这种生石放入水中能使水不结冰，由此可见其性质极热。现在人们用黄土泥包裹，在炭火中烧一天一夜，使其碎裂即可使用，治疗冷结病症效果很好。丹方及黄白术（炼丹术）中多用此药，湘东新宁及零陵地区也有出产。白礜石能软化金属。《唐本草》注解说：这种石头能抵御火焰，久烧只会解散而不会失去其坚硬本质。如今市场上有人拿洁白细腻的普通石头冒充，一烧就成灰，这是错误的。此药攻击积聚和顽固冷痛病症效果良好，如果用其他物品代替，治疗疾病无效，正是这个原因。如今汉川武当山西边的辽口名叫礜石谷，这就是它的真正产地。少室山也有，颗粒细腻纹理好，但不如汉中地区的。臣禹锡等人谨按吴氏所说：白礜石又名鼠乡。神农、岐伯认为：味辛，有毒。桐君认为：有毒。黄帝认为：味甘，有毒。季氏说：有的产于魏兴，有的产于少室，十二月采集。《山海经》说：皋涂山有白石，名叫礜，可以用来毒杀老鼠。郭璞注解说：如今礜石杀鼠，蚕食老鼠使其肥壮。《说文解字》说：礜，是毒石。《博物志》说：鹳鸟孵卵时，取礜石围绕在蛋周围，以增加暖气。方术家取鹳巢中的礜石，认为是真品。《药性论》说：礜石，铅丹为其引经药，味甘，有小毒。主治清除胸膈间积气，去除冷湿风痹，瘙痒多年者，忌食羊血。萧炳说：不入汤剂。
《图经》说：礜石，产于汉中山谷及少室山，如今潞州也有。性质大热，放入水中能使水不结冰，又坚硬且抵御火焰。烧上一天一夜，只会解散而不会失去其坚硬。市人多拿洁白石头冒充，一烧就成灰。此药治疗积聚和顽固冷痛病症效果良好，必须用真品才好。又有特生礜石，产于西域。张华《博物志》说：鹳鸟孵卵取礜石围绕在蛋周围，以增加暖气。方术家用之，取鹳巢中的为真品，就是这种特生礜石。然而这种很难得，人们多使用汉中产的，外形紫赤色，内部白色如霜，中央有凹陷，形状像牙齿，石块比白礜石小，但肌理颗粒大数倍，像小豆那么大。白礜石颗粒细小，只有粟米大小。又有握雪礜石，产于徐州西宋里山，深入地下丈余，生于烂土石之间，颜色白细软如人脸肤色。另外下条：苍石，产于西城。苏恭说：特生礜石，一名苍礜石，梁州特生的也有青色的。房陵、汉川与白礜石同处，也有青色的，大多与特生的一样，只是不入药方使用。而今医生多只用礜石，即白礜石，形状类别相近，这样更应当仔细选择。古方治疗寒冷积聚，都用礜石。胡洽大露宿丸，主治寒冷百病方：礜石（炼过）、干姜、桂心、皂荚、桔梗各三两，附子二两，六味药捣碎筛粉，蜜丸。每次服五丸（梧桐子大小），每日三次，逐渐增加剂量，以见效为度。又有匈奴露宿丸、硫黄丸，都主治积聚及饮食不下，心腹坚实，都用礜石。近代很少使用了。
《衍义》说：礜石并特生礜石，《博物志》及陶隐居都说这两种石头，鹳鸟取它们来覆盖在蛋上，如此则是一物。隐居又说：《仙经》没说特生，则只是前面的白礜石。如今《补注》只是随文解释意义，没看出特生的意思。大概两条只是一物，只是以特生和不特生为区别。所谓特生，是不附着其他石头为特罢了。如今使用的极少，唯“礜”字入药。然而极须慎用，其毒性极大。等到讨论鹳巢中的时候，却又顺从谬说。鹳巢中都没有这种石头，却说：鹳常入水，冷，所以取它来覆盖蛋。如此则鸬鹚、鹏鸟之类，都食于水，也自然繁衍生化，也不用这二种石头。这种说法往往采纳俗士之言，未曾探究其实质并穷尽其道理。曾在顺安军做官，亲自检查鹳巢，通常都没有石头。何况礜石怎么能处处都有？然而治疗久积及久病胸腹冷确有功效，直须慎用，因为其毒性不可抵挡。
Shi (Mineral Drug)
Pungent, sweet; extremely hot in nature. Raw form is warm, cooked form is hot; toxic. Mainly treats alternating chills and fever, scrofula (tuberculous lymphadenitis), corrosive ulcers, necrotic tissue, wind-bi (wind-rheumatism obstruction), abdominal masses, pathogenic qi of癖 accumulation, clears heat, brightens the eyes, directs Qi downward, eliminates heat in the diaphragm, stops thirst (Xiao Ke), benefits Liver Qi, breaks up accumulations, treats stubborn cold abdominal pain, removes nasal polyps. Long-term use causes tendon contraction. After calcination for one hundred days, it can be taken; dosage is one Dao Gui (ancient unit of measure). If taken uncalcined, it kills humans and all beasts. Also known as Qing Fen Shi, Li Zhi Shi, Gu Yang Shi, Bai Yu Shi, Tai Bai Shi, Ze Ru, Shi Yan. Grows in valleys of Hanzhong and Mount Shaoshi. No specific time for collection. (Calcination by fire is preferred; Ji Zhen [Spina Gleditsiae] acts as a guide drug; incompatible with Ma Mu Du Gong, Rat Feces, Hu Zhang, Xi Xin; fears water.)
Tao Hongjing states: Currently found in Shu-Han regions, but high-quality ones come from Nan Ye Stream in Nankang, within Pengcheng borders, and South Qian in Luoyang, often sourced from Mount Shaoshi. This raw stone placed in water prevents freezing, demonstrating its extreme heat property. Nowadays, people wrap it in yellow clay mud and burn it in charcoal fire for a day and night until it crumbles for use; it is excellent for treating cold stagnation. It is widely used in alchemical formulas and Huang Bai Shu (Yellow and White Alchemy); also produced in Xinning and Lingling in Eastern Xiangdong. Bai Yu Shi can soften metals. The *Tang Bencao* commentary notes: This stone resists fire; prolonged burning only causes disintegration without losing its hardness. Market vendors now substitute it with fine-grained white ordinary stones which turn to ash when burned; this is incorrect. This drug is effective against accumulations and stubborn cold diseases; substitution leads to treatment failure, precisely for this reason. Currently, Liao Kou west of Wudang in Hanchuan is named Yu Shi Valley, the true origin. Mount Shaoshi also produces it, with finer grains and texture, but inferior to those from Hanzhong. Ministers Yuxi et al. cite Wu's records: Bai Yu Shi is also called Shu Xiang. Shennong and Qibo state: Pungent, toxic. Tong Jun states: Toxic. Huang Di states: Sweet, toxic. Ji Shi says: Some grow in Weixing, some in Shaoshi, collected in the twelfth month. *Classic of Mountains and Seas* states: Gaotu Mountain has white stone named Yu, which can poison rats. Guo Pu's commentary notes: Currently, Yu stone kills rats, eating them to fatten them. *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Yu is a poisonous stone. *Baowuzhi* states: When storks incubate eggs, they place Yu stones around them to provide warmth. Alchemists take Yu stones from stork nests as authentic. *Yaoxing Lun* states: Yu stone, with Qian Dan (Lead Red Lead) as a guide drug; sweet, slightly toxic. Mainly clears accumulated Qi in chest and diaphragm, removes cold-damp wind-bi, chronic itching; avoid sheep blood. Xiao Bing states: Not used in decoctions.
*Tujing* states: Yu Stone grows in valleys of Hanzhong and Mount Shaoshi; currently also found in Luzhou. Extremely hot nature; placed in water prevents freezing; hard and fire-resistant. Burned for a day and night, it disintegrates but retains hardness. Market vendors substitute with white stones that turn to ash upon burning. This drug is good for treating accumulations and stubborn cold diseases; authentic material must be used. There is also Te Sheng Yu Shi (Specially Born Yu Stone) from Western Regions. Zhang Hua's *Baowuzhi* states: Storks take Yu stones to surround eggs for warmth. Alchemists use it, taking those from stork nests as authentic, i.e., this Te Sheng Yu Shi. However, it is rare; people mostly use Hanzhong varieties, which are purple-red externally, white like frost internally, with a central depression resembling teeth. The chunks are smaller than Bai Yu Shi, but the crystalline structure is several times larger, about the size of a small bean. Bai Yu Shi grains are fine, only the size of millet. There is also Wo Xue Yu Shi (Snow-Holding Yu Stone) from Songli Mountain west of Xuzhou, growing over a zhang underground among rotten soil and stones, white, fine, soft like human skin color. Additionally, next entry: Cang Shi, from Xicheng. Su Gong states: Te Sheng Yu Shi is also named Cang Yu Shi; specially born in Liangzhou, some are green. Fangling and Hanchuan areas where Bai Yu Shi grows also have green varieties, mostly similar to Te Sheng, but not used in prescriptions. Nowadays, physicians mostly use Yu Shi, i.e., Bai Yu Shi; shapes are similar, so careful selection is essential. Ancient formulas for cold accumulations all use Yu Shi. Hu Qia Da Lu Su Wan (Hu Qia Great Dew-Bathing Pill), main formula for cold diseases: Calcined Yu Shi, Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), Gui Xin (Cinnamon Twig Heart), Zao Jiao (Gleditsia Fruit), Jie Geng (Platycodon Root) each 3 liang, Fu Zi (Aconite Lateral Root) 2 liang. Six ingredients pounded and sifted, honey pills. Take five pills (size of wutong seeds), three times daily, gradually increasing dose until effect is achieved. You also have Xiongnu Lu Su Wan, Liu Huang Wan, all treating accumulations, inability to eat/drink, solid heart/abdomen, all using Yu Shi. Rarely used in recent times.
*Danfang Jingyuan* states: Red-skin Yu Shi can stabilize Cinnabar and nourish Mercury.
*Yanyi* states: Yu Shi and Te Sheng Yu Shi, both *Baowuzhi* and Tao Hongjing say these two stones are taken by storks to cover eggs, implying they are one substance. Hongjing further states: *Immortal Classics* do not mention "Te Sheng," so it is just the aforementioned Bai Yu Shi. Current *Supplementary Annotations* merely explain textually, missing the meaning of "Te Sheng." Essentially, the two entries refer to one substance, differing only by whether it is "specially born" or not. "Te Sheng" means not attached to other stones. Currently used very rarely, only the character "Yu" enters medicine. However, extreme caution is required due to severe toxicity. Regarding the discussion of stork nest stones, it follows erroneous theories. Stork nests do not contain such stones; the claim that storks enter water, get cold, and thus take stones to warm eggs is flawed. By this logic, cormorants and peng birds, which feed in water and reproduce naturally, would also need these stones. Such statements often adopt vulgar opinions without investigating reality or reasoning thoroughly. Having served as an official in Shun'an Army, I personally inspected stork nests and found no stones. How could Yu Shi be everywhere? Nevertheless, it is effective for long-standing accumulations and chronic cold chest/abdomen conditions, but must be used with caution because its toxicity is formidable.