\r紫薇（意威）\pd337.bmp\r
味酸，微寒，无毒。主妇人产乳余疾，崩中，症瘕血闭，寒热羸瘦，养胎。
茎、叶 味苦，无毒。主痿蹶，益气。一名陵苕，一名 华。生西海川谷及山阳。
陶隐居云∶李云是瞿麦根，今方∶用至少。《博物志》云∶郝晦行（音杏）华草，于太
行山北，
得紫薇华。必当奇异，今瞿麦华乃可爱，而处处有，不应乃在太行山。且有树，其茎、叶恐
亦非瞿麦根。《诗》云∶有苕之华。郭云凌霄，亦恐非也。唐本注云∶此即凌霄花也。及茎、
叶俱用。按《尔雅·释草》云∶苕，一名陵苕。黄花 （必曜切）；白华 。郭云∶一名陵
时。
又名凌霄。《本经》云∶一名陵苕。 华即用花，不用根也。山中亦有白花者。按瞿麦花红，
无黄、白者。且紫薇、瞿麦，皆《本经》所载。若用瞿麦根为紫薇，何得复用茎、叶？
体性既与瞿麦乖异，生处亦不相关。郭云凌霄，此为真说也。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶紫
臣，一名女薇，畏卤咸，
味甘。主热风风痫，大小便不利，肠中结实，止产后奔血不定
淋沥，安胎。日华子云∶根，治热风身痒，游风风疹，治瘀血带下。花、叶功用同。又云凌
霄花，治酒渣热毒风刺风，妇人血膈游风，崩中带下。
图经曰∶紫薇，陵霄花也。生西海川谷及山阳，今处处皆有，多生山中，人家园圃亦或
种莳。初作藤蔓生，根据大木，岁久延引至巅而有花。其花黄赤，夏中乃盛。陶隐居云∶《诗》
有苕之华。郭云陵霄。又苏恭引《尔雅·释草》云∶苕，陵苕。郭云又名陵霄。按今《尔雅》
注∶苕，一名陵时。本草云而无陵霄之说，岂古今所传书有异同邪？又据陆机及孔颖达疏义
亦云∶苕，一名陵时。陵时乃是鼠尾草之别名，郭又谓苕为陵时。本草云∶今紫薇无陵时之
名，而鼠尾草有之。乃知陶、苏所引，是以陵时作陵霄耳。又陵霄，非是草类，益可明其误
矣。今医家多采其花干之，入妇人血崩风毒药，又治少女血热风毒，四肢、皮肤生瘾疹。并
行经脉方∶陵霄花不以多少，捣罗为散。每服二钱，温酒调下，食前服甚效。
斗门方∶治暴耳聋。凌霄叶，烂杵自然汁，灌耳内，瘥。
衍义曰∶紫薇，今蔓延而生，谓之为草。又有木身，谓之为木。又须物而上。然干不逐
冬毙，亦得木之多也，故分入木部为至当。唐·白乐天诗，有木名凌霄，擢秀非孤标，由是
益知非草也。《本经》又云∶茎、叶味苦，是与瞿麦别一种甚明。《唐本》注云∶且紫薇、瞿
麦皆《本经》所载，若用瞿麦根为紫薇，何得复用茎、叶？此说尽矣。然其花赭黄色，本条
虽不言其花，又却言茎、叶味苦，则紫薇为花，故可知矣。
紫薇（音威）
味酸，性微寒，无毒。主治妇女产后及哺乳期的各种余疾，崩漏（非经期大量出血），症瘕血闭（腹部肿块及经血闭塞），寒热往来、身体消瘦羸弱，以及安胎。
茎、叶：味苦，无毒。主治痿蹶（肢体萎软无力、足不能行），益气。又名陵苕，又名华。生长在西海川谷及山的南面。
陶隐居说：李云认为这是瞿麦的根，现在方书中用得很少。《博物志》说：郝晦行走至太行山北，得到紫薇花，必定奇异非凡，现在的瞿麦花虽然可爱，但到处都有，不应该只在太行山有。而且紫薇是有树的，它的茎和叶恐怕也不是瞿麦的根。《诗经》说：“有苕之华。”郭璞注说是凌霄，也恐怕不对。《唐本草》注说：这就是凌霄花。并且茎、叶都使用。按《尔雅·释草》说：苕，一名陵苕。黄花（必曜切）；白花。郭璞说：一名陵时。又名凌霄。《本经》说：一名陵苕。华即指花，不用根。山中也有白花的。按瞿麦的花是红色的，没有黄色、白色的。而且紫薇、瞿麦，都是《本经》所载。如果用瞿麦的根作为紫薇，为什么又要用茎、叶呢？体性和性质既然与瞿麦不同，生长环境也不相关。郭璞说它是凌霄，这才是正确的说法。臣禹锡等谨慎地按照《药性论》说：紫臣，一名女薇，畏卤咸，味甘。主治热风风痫，大小便不利，肠中结实，止产后奔血不定淋沥，安胎。日华子说：根，治热风身痒，游风风疹，治瘀血带下。花、叶功用相同。又说凌霄花，治酒渣鼻、热毒风刺风，妇人血膈游风，崩中带下。
《图经》说：紫薇，就是陵霄花。生长在西海川谷及山的南面，现在到处都有，多生长在山中，人家园圃中也种植。初生时像藤蔓一样生长，依靠大树，年代久了延伸攀援到树顶而开花。它的花黄红色，夏季才盛开。陶隐居说：《诗经》中有“苕之华”。郭璞说是陵霄。又苏恭引用《尔雅·释草》说：苕，陵苕。郭璞说又名陵霄。按现在《尔雅》注：苕，一名陵时。本草中没有陵霄的说法，难道古今流传的书有差异吗？又据陆机及孔颖达疏义也说：苕，一名陵时。陵时乃是鼠尾草的别名，郭璞又把苕称为陵时。本草说：现在紫薇没有陵时的名字，而鼠尾草有。于是知道陶弘景、苏恭所引，是把陵时当作陵霄罢了。又陵霄，不是草类，更加可以说明他们的错误了。现在医家多采集它的花晒干，入妇人血崩风毒药中，又治少女血热风毒，四肢、皮肤生瘾疹。并行经脉方：陵霄花不论多少，捣碎过筛为散。每次服二钱，温酒调下，饭前服用很有效。
《衍义》说：紫薇，现在蔓延而生，称之为草。又有木质的树干，称之为木。又需要物体攀爬而上。然而树干不随冬天枯萎，也具备树木的特性，所以分入木部是最恰当的。唐代白居易的诗，有木名凌霄，擢秀非孤标，由此更知道它不是草。《本经》又说：茎、叶味苦，这与瞿麦是两种不同的东西非常明显。《唐本草》注说：而且紫薇、瞿麦都是《本经》所载，如果用瞿麦的根作为紫薇，为什么又要用茎、叶？这种说法已经很完备了。然而它的花是赭黄色，本条虽然没提它的花，却又说茎、叶味苦，那么紫薇是指花，就可以知道了。
* Lagerstroemia indica* (Lingwei, Crape Myrtle)
Taste: sour; Nature: slightly cold; Toxicity: non-toxic. Primarily treats various residual ailments in women after childbirth and lactation, metrorrhagia (abnormal uterine bleeding), zheng zha blood obstruction (abdominal masses and amenorrhea), alternating chills and fever with emaciation, and calms the fetus.
Stems and leaves: Taste: bitter; Toxicity: non-toxic. Primarily treats wei jue (limb flaccidity and inability to walk), and tonifies qi. Also known as Lingtiao, also known as Hua. Grows in the rivers and valleys of Xihai and on the sunny slopes of mountains.
Tao Hongjing stated: Li Yun considered this to be the root of *Dianthus superbus* (Qumai), which is now rarely used in prescriptions. *Bowuzhi* states: Hao Huixing traveled north of the Taihang Mountains and obtained *Lagerstroemia* flowers, claiming they must be extraordinary. However, *Dianthus superbus* flowers are lovely yet ubiquitous, so they should not be restricted to the Taihang Mountains. Furthermore, *Lagerstroemia* is a tree, so its stems and leaves are likely not the roots of *Dianthus superbus*. The *Classic of Poetry* states: "The flowers of the Lingtiao." Guo Pu's annotation identifies it as Lingxiao, which is also likely incorrect. The *Tang Bencao* annotation states: This is indeed the flower of *Campsis grandiflora* (Lingxiao). Both stems and leaves are used. According to *Erya · Shi Cao*: "Tiao, also known as Lingtiao. Yellow flowers (pronounced bi yao qie); white flowers." Guo Pu said: Also known as Lingshi. Also named Lingxiao. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states: Also known as Lingtiao. Hua refers to the flower, not the root. There are also white-flowered varieties in the mountains. *Dianthus superbus* flowers are red, without yellow or white varieties. Moreover, both *Lagerstroemia* and *Dianthus superbus* are recorded in the *Bencao Jing*. If *Dianthus superbus* root were used as *Lagerstroemia*, why would stems and leaves also be used? Their physical properties and natures differ significantly, and their habitats are unrelated. Guo Pu's identification as Lingxiao is the correct explanation. Ministers Yuxi et al. carefully consulted *Yaoxing Lun*: Zichen, also known as Nwei, fears halogen salts, taste sweet. Primarily treats wind-heat wind epilepsy, difficulty in urination and defecation, intestinal stagnation, stops postpartum erratic bleeding and dripping, and calms the fetus. Rihuazi stated: Roots treat wind-heat body itching, wandering wind urticaria, and leukorrhea due to blood stasis. Flowers and leaves have similar functions. It also stated that *Campsis grandiflora* flowers treat rhinophyma, heat-toxin wind thorns, female blood diaphragm wandering wind, and metrorrhagia with leukorrhea.
*Tujing* states: *Lagerstroemia* is Lingxiao flower. It grows in the rivers and valleys of Xihai and on sunny mountain slopes, but is now found everywhere, mostly in mountains, and also cultivated in gardens. Initially growing like vines, it relies on large trees, and over years extends to the top to bloom. Its flowers are yellow-red, blooming abundantly in summer. Tao Hongjing stated: The *Classic of Poetry* mentions "flowers of Tiao." Guo Pu called it Lingxiao. Su Gong cited *Erya · Shi Cao*: "Tiao, Lingtiao." Guo Pu said also named Lingxiao. According to current annotations of *Erya*: "Tiao, also known as Lingshi." The Materia Medica lacks mention of Lingxiao; could there be differences between ancient and modern transmitted texts? Lu Ji and Kong Yingda's commentaries also state: "Tiao, also known as Lingshi." Lingshi is another name for *Salvia miltiorrhiza* (or similar sage species), and Guo Pu referred to Tiao as Lingshi. The Materia Medica states that current *Lagerstroemia* does not have the name Lingshi, whereas *Salvia* does. Thus, Tao Hongjing and Su Gong confused Lingshi with Lingxiao. Furthermore, Lingxiao is not a herbaceous plant, further clarifying their error. Currently, physicians often dry its flowers for use in formulas for female metrorrhagia and wind-toxin drugs, and also treat young girls' wind-heat toxin causing urticaria on limbs and skin. Bingxing Jingmai Fang: Lingxiao flowers, any amount, pounded and sifted into powder. Take 2 qian each time, mixed with warm wine, taken before meals for great efficacy.
Doumen Fang: Treats sudden deafness. Crush fresh Lingxiao leaves to extract natural juice, instill into the ear until healed.
*Yanyi* states: *Lagerstroemia* currently grows by spreading, thus called a herb. Yet it has a woody stem, thus called a tree. It requires support to climb. However, the trunk does not die back in winter, possessing more characteristics of wood, so classifying it in the Wood section is most appropriate. Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi wrote about Lingxiao: "A tree named Lingxiao, rising gracefully not standing alone," further confirming it is not a herb. The *Bencao Jing* also states: Stems and leaves taste bitter, clearly distinguishing it from *Dianthus superbus*. The *Tang Bencao* annotation states: Since both *Lagerstroemia* and *Dianthus superbus* are in the *Bencao Jing*, if *Dianthus superbus* root were *Lagerstroemia*, why use stems and leaves? This argument is conclusive. However, its flowers are ochre-yellow. Although the main entry doesn't mention flowers, it mentions stems and leaves taste bitter, implying *Lagerstroemia* refers to the flower, which can be deduced.