\r芍药\pd140.bmp\r
味苦、酸，平、微寒，有小毒。主邪气腹痛，除血痹，破坚积，寒热疝瘕，止痛，利
小便，益气，通顺血脉，缓中，散恶
血，逐贼血，去水气，利膀胱、大小肠，消痈肿，时行寒热，中恶，腹痛、腰痛。一名白木
，一名余容，一名犁食，一名解仓，一名 。生中岳川谷及丘陵。二月、八月采根，曝干。
（须丸为之使。臣禹锡等谨按别本作雷丸，恶石斛、芒硝，畏硝石、鳖甲、小蓟，反藜芦
。）
陶隐居云∶今出白山、蒋山、茅山最好，白而长大。余处亦有而多赤，赤者小利，俗方
以止
痛，乃不减当归。道家亦服食之，又煮石用之。今按别本注云∶此有两种∶赤者利小便下气
。白者止痛散血。其花亦有红、白二色。臣禹锡等谨按吴氏云∶芍药，神农∶苦。桐君∶
甘，无毒。歧伯∶咸。季氏∶小寒。雷公∶酸。药性论云∶芍药，臣。能治肺邪气，腹中
痛，血气积聚，通宣脏腑拥气，治邪痛败血，主时疾骨热，强五脏，补肾气，治心腹坚胀，
妇人血闭不通，消瘀血，能蚀脓。日华子云∶治风补劳，主女人一切病，并产前后诸疾，通
月
水，退热除烦，益气，天行热疾，瘟瘴惊狂，妇人血晕，及肠风泻血，痔 ，发背疮疥，头
痛，明目，目赤 肉。赤色者多补气，白者治血，此便芍药花根。海、盐、杭、越俱好。
图经曰∶芍药，生中岳川谷及丘陵，今处处有之，淮南者胜。春生红芽作丛，茎上三枝
五叶
，
似牡丹而狭长，高一、二尺。夏开花，有红、白、紫数种，子似牡丹子而小。秋时采根，根
亦有赤白二色。崔豹《古今注》云∶芍药有二种∶有草芍药、木芍药。木者花大而色深，俗
呼为牡丹，非也。又云∶牛亨问曰∶将离相别，赠以芍药，何也？答曰∶芍药一名何离，故
相赠。犹相招召，赠以文无，文无一名当归；欲忘人之忧，则赠以丹棘，丹棘一免忘忧，使
忘忧也；欲蠲人之忿，则赠以青裳，青裳一名合欢，赠
之使忘忿也。张仲景治伤寒，汤多用芍药，以其主寒热，利小便故也。古人亦有单服食者。
安期生服炼法云∶芍药二种∶一者金芍药；二者木芍药。救病用金芍药，色白多脂肉；木芍
药色紫，瘦多脉。若取，审看勿令差错。若欲服饵，采得净刮去皮，以东流水煮百沸，出阴
干。停三日，又于木甑内蒸之，上覆以净黄土，一日夜熟，出阴干，捣末。以麦饮或酒服三
钱匕，日三。满三百日，可以登岭。绝谷不饥。《正元广利方》治妇女赤白下，年月深久不
瘥者，取白芍药三大两，并干姜半大两，细锉，熬令黄，捣下筛，空肚和饮汁服二钱匕，日
再，佳。又金创血不止而痛者，亦单捣白芍药末，敷上即止，良验。
唐本注∶益好血。雷公云∶凡采得后，于日中晒干，以竹刀刮上粗皮并头土了，锉之，
将蜜
水拌
蒸，从巳至未，晒干用之。经验后方∶治风毒，骨髓疼痛。芍药二分，虎骨一两，炙为末，
夹
绢袋盛，酒三升渍五日，每服三合，日三服。博济方∶治五淋。赤芍药一两，槟榔一个，面
裹
煨为末，每服一钱匕，水一盏，煎七分，空心服。广利方∶治金疮血不止，痛。白芍药一两
，
熬令黄，杵令细为散。酒或米饮下二钱并得，初三服，渐加。初虞世∶治咯血衄血。白芍药
一
两，犀角末一分，为末。新水服一钱匕，血止为限。别说云∶谨按《本经》∶芍药生丘陵川
谷，今世所用者，多是人家种植。欲其花叶肥大，必加粪壤，每岁八、九月取其根分削，因
利
以为药，遂曝干货卖，今淮南真阳尤多。药家见其肥大，而不知香味绝不佳，故人药不可责
其效。今考，用宜根据《本经》所说，川谷丘陵有生者为胜尔。
衍义曰∶芍药，全用根，其品亦多，须用花红而单叶，山中者为佳。花叶多即根虚。然
其根
多
赤色，其味涩苦，或有色白粗肥者益好。余如《经》。然血虚寒人，禁此一物。古人有言曰
∶减芍药以避中寒。诚不可忽。
芍药
味苦、酸，性平或微寒，有小毒。主治邪气引起的腹痛，消除血痹，破除坚积，治疗寒热疝瘕，止痛，通利小便，益气，疏通血脉，缓和里急，消散恶血，驱逐败血，去除水气，通利膀胱及大小肠，消除痈肿，治疗时行寒热（流行性外感病），中恶（突受秽浊之气致病），以及腹痛、腰痛。又名白木，又名余容，又名犁食，又名解仓，又名[缺字]。生长于中岳地区的山谷及丘陵地带。二月、八月采集根部，晒干。（须丸作为其辅佐药物。臣禹锡等人谨按：别本作雷丸。与石斛、芒硝相恶，畏硝石、鳖甲、小蓟，反藜芦。）
陶隐居说：现在出产于白山、蒋山、茅山的最好，颜色白且个头大。其他地方也有但多为红色，红色的药效稍差，世俗方剂用它来止痛，效果不亚于当归。道家也服用它，煮石脂时也用到它。现在参考别本注解说：这里有两种：赤芍药能利小便、下气；白芍药能止痛、散血。它们的花也有红、白两种颜色。臣禹锡等人谨按吴氏所说：芍药，神农认为味苦；桐君认为味甘，无毒；歧伯认为味咸；季氏认为性小寒；雷公认为味酸。《药性论》说：芍药为臣药。能治疗肺邪气，腹中痛，血气积聚，宣通脏腑壅滞之气，治疗邪气疼痛和败血，主冶时疾骨热，强健五脏，补肾气，治疗心腹坚胀，妇人血闭不通，消除瘀血，能腐蚀脓液。日华子说：治疗风证、补虚劳，主治妇女一切疾病，以及产前产后各种疾病，通月经，退热除烦，益气，治疗天行热疾（流行性热病），瘟瘴惊狂，妇人血晕，以及肠风泻血，痔疮，发背疮疥，头痛，明目，治疗目赤、胬肉。赤色的多补气，白色的治血，这是指芍药的花根。海州、盐官、杭州、越州出产的都好。
《图经》说：芍药，生长于中岳的山谷及丘陵，现在到处都有，淮南产的胜过其他产地。春天生出红芽成丛，茎上有三枝五叶，像牡丹但更狭长，高一、二尺。夏天开花，有红、白、紫几种颜色，种子像牡丹子但较小。秋天采集根部，根也有赤白两种颜色。崔豹《古今注》说：芍药有两种：草芍药、木芍药。木芍药花大色深，俗称为牡丹，这是错误的。又说：牛亨问：离别时赠送芍药，为什么？回答说：芍药一名何离，所以互相赠送。就像想招引对方，赠送文无，文无一名当归；想要让人忘记忧愁，就赠送丹棘，丹棘一名忘忧草，使人忘记忧愁；想要消除别人的愤怒，就赠送青裳，青裳一名合欢，赠送它使对方忘记愤怒。张仲景治疗伤寒，汤剂多用芍药，因为它主治寒热、利小便的缘故。古人也有单服食用的。安期生服炼法说：芍药有两种：一种是金芍药；一种是木芍药。治病用金芍药，颜色白且肉质多；木芍药颜色紫，瘦且脉多。如果要取用，仔细查看不要弄错。如果想要服用，采得后刮去粗皮和头部泥土，用东流水煮一百次，取出阴干。放置三天，又在木甑内蒸它，上面覆盖干净黄土，一天一夜蒸熟，取出阴干，捣成粉末。用麦饮或酒送服三钱匕，每天三次。满三百天，可以登山。断绝谷物也不饥饿。《正元广利方》治疗妇女赤白带下，年月长久不愈的，取白芍药三大两，并干姜半大两，细切，炒至黄色，捣碎过筛，空腹用饮汁送服二钱匕，每天两次，较好。又有金创出血不止而痛的，也单捣白芍药末，敷上即止，疗效很好。
唐本注：益好血。雷公说：凡是采得后，在太阳下晒干，用竹刀刮去粗皮和头土，切碎，用蜜水拌蒸，从巳时至未时，晒干使用。经验后方：治疗风毒，骨髓疼痛。芍药二分，虎骨一两，炙后研为末，夹在绢袋中，用酒三升浸泡五天，每次服三合，每天三次。博济方：治疗五淋。赤芍药一两，槟榔一个，面粉包裹煨后研为末，每次服一钱匕，水一盏，煎至七分，空腹服用。广利方：治疗金创出血不止，痛。白芍药一两，炒至黄色，杵细为散。用酒或米饮送服二钱均可，初服三次，逐渐增加剂量。初虞世：治疗咯血、衄血。白芍药一两，犀角末一分，研为末。新汲水送服一钱匕，血止为止。别说云：谨按《本经》：芍药生于丘陵川谷，现在世间的所用者，多是人家种植的。为了让花叶肥大，必须施加粪壤，每年八、九月取其根分削，因为便利而作为药材，于是晒干出售，现在淮南真阳尤其多。药商见其肥大，却不知道香味极差，所以入药不可指望其疗效。现在考证，用药应当依据《本经》所说，川谷丘陵自然生长的为好。
《衍义》说：芍药，全用根，其品种也多，必须选用花红且单叶，山中生长的为佳。花叶多的则根虚。然而其根多呈赤色，味道涩苦，或者有颜色白且粗肥的更好。其余如《经》所述。然而血虚寒人，禁用这一味药。古人有话说：减芍药以避中寒。确实不可忽视。
Paeoniae Radix (Shaoyao)
Bitter, sour, neutral, slightly cold, slightly toxic. Mainly treats abdominal pain caused by pathogenic factors, eliminates blood bi (blood stasis obstruction), breaks down firm accumulations, treats chancre and hernia with cold-heat symptoms, relieves pain, promotes urination, benefits qi, unblocks and smooths the blood vessels, moderates internal tension, disperses evil blood, expels thief blood, removes water qi, benefits the bladder, large intestine, and small intestine,消absorbs carbuncles and swelling, treats epidemic cold-heat (seasonal febrile diseases), sudden attack by foul pathogens, abdominal pain, and lower back pain. Also known as Bai Mu, Yu Rong, Li Shi, Jie Cang, and [missing character]. Grows in valleys and hills of Mount Zhong. Roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the sun. (Xu Wan serves as its assistant. Minister Yu Xi et al. note according to other editions: Lei Wan. Averse to Shihu, Mangxiao; fears Xiaoshi, Biejia, Xiaoji; incompatible with Lilu.)
Tao Hongjing said: The best quality now comes from Baishan, Jiangshan, and Maoshan; they are white and large. Other places produce them but mostly red; red ones have slighter efficacy. Secular prescriptions use them for pain relief, which is no less effective than Danggui. Daoists also consume them and use them when boiling stone minerals. Current notes from other editions state there are two types: Chi Shaoyao promotes urination and descends qi; Bai Shaoyao relieves pain and dissipates blood. Their flowers also come in red and white colors. Minister Yu Xi et al. note according to Wu Shi: Paeoniae Radix, Shen Nong considered it bitter; Tong Jun considered it sweet and non-toxic; Qibo considered it salty; Ji Shi considered it slightly cold; Leigong considered it sour. *Yaoxing Lun* states: Paeoniae Radix is a minister herb. It can treat lung pathogenic factors, abdominal pain, blood and qi accumulation, unblock and diffuse organ congestion, treat painful敗血 (stagnant blood), mainly cure bone heat from epidemic diseases, strengthen the five zang organs, tonify kidney qi, treat hard distension of the heart and abdomen, amenorrhea in women, eliminate blood stasis, and can cauterize pus. Ri Huazi stated: Treats wind syndromes and tonifies deficiency-labor, mainly treats all female diseases and various disorders before and after childbirth, regulates menstruation, reduces fever and eliminates irritability, benefits qi, treats epidemic febrile diseases, plague miasma with convulsions and mania, female syncope due to blood, intestinal wind with bloody diarrhea, hemorrhoids, carbuncles on the back, sores, headache, brightens the eyes, and treats red eyes and pterygium. Red ones mostly benefit qi; white ones treat blood. This refers to the root and flower of Paeoniae Radix. Those from Haizhou, Yanguan, Hangzhou, and Yuezhou are good.
*Tu Jing* states: Paeoniae Radix grows in valleys and hills of Mount Zhong; it is now found everywhere, but those from Huainan are superior. In spring, red shoots emerge in clumps; stems have three branches and five leaves, resembling Peony but narrower and longer, one to two chi high. Flowers bloom in summer, in red, white, and purple varieties; seeds resemble peony seeds but smaller. Roots are harvested in autumn, coming in red and white colors. Cui Bao's *Gujin Zhu* states: There are two types of Paeoniae Radix: Cao Shaoyao and Mu Shaoyao. Mu Shaoyao has large, deep-colored flowers and is vulgarly called Mudan, which is incorrect. It also states: Niu Heng asked, "Why give Paeoniae Radix upon parting?" The answer was, "Paeoniae Radix is also named Helí, hence the gift." Just as giving Wenwu (Danggui) signifies summoning; giving Danji (Wangyoucao) makes one forget sorrow; giving Qingchang (Hehuan) makes one forget anger. Zhang Zhongjing treated Shanghan (Cold Damage) using decoctions rich in Paeoniae Radix because it treats cold-heat and promotes urination. Ancients also consumed it alone. An Qisheng's refining method states: Two types of Paeoniae Radix: one is Jin Shaoyao; the other is Mu Shaoyao. For treating illness, use Jin Shaoyao, which is white and fleshy; Mu Shaoyao is purple, thin, and fibrous. If selecting, examine carefully to avoid errors. If for consumption, after harvesting, scrape off coarse skin and head soil, boil in east-flowing water for a hundred boils, take out and dry in shade. Store for three days, then steam in a wooden steamer covered with clean yellow earth for a day and night until cooked, take out and dry in shade, grind into powder. Take three qianbi with wheat drink or wine, three times daily. After three hundred days, one can climb mountains without hunger despite fasting. *Zhengyuan Guangli Fang* treats chronic leukorrhea (red and white discharge) in women that has persisted for years: take three da liang of Bai Shaoyao and half a da liang of Ganjiang, finely cut, stir-fry until yellow, grind and sieve, take two qianbi with juice on an empty stomach, twice daily, which is better. For traumatic injuries with unceasing bleeding and pain, simply grind Bai Shaoyao into powder and apply externally to stop bleeding, with excellent results.
*Tang Ben Zhu*: Benefits and improves blood. Leigong said: After harvesting, dry in the sun, scrape off coarse skin and head soil with a bamboo knife, cut into pieces, mix with honey water, steam from Si hour to Wei hour, then dry for use. *Jingyan Hou Fang*: Treats wind toxicity and bone marrow pain. Two fen of Paeoniae Radix, one liang of Tiger Bone, roasted and ground into powder, placed in a silk bag, soaked in three sheng of wine for five days, take three he each time, three times daily. *Boji Fang*: Treats the five stranguries. One liang of Chi Shaoyao, one Areca Seed, wrapped in flour and baked, ground into powder, take one qianbi each time, decoct in one jin of water to seven-tenths, take on an empty stomach. *Guangli Fang*: Treats traumatic injuries with unceasing bleeding and pain. One liang of Bai Shaoyao, stir-fried until yellow, pounded into fine powder. Take two qianbi with wine or rice drink, both acceptable; start with three doses and gradually increase. Chu Yushi: Treats hemoptysis and epistaxis. One liang of Bai Shaoyao, one fen of Rhinoceros Horn powder, ground together. Take one qianbi with fresh water, stop when bleeding ceases. *Bieshuo* notes: According to *Ben Jing*, Paeoniae Radix grows in hills and valleys; what is used today is mostly cultivated by households. To make flowers and leaves large and fat, manure must be added. Every year in August and September, roots are divided and sliced, dried, and sold as medicine. Currently, Zhenyang in Huainan produces much of it. Pharmacists see their large size but do not know the fragrance is poor, so medicinal efficacy cannot be expected. Current examination suggests using wild-grown Paeoniae Radix from valleys and hills as superior, according to *Ben Jing*.
*Yanyi* states: Paeoniae Radix uses the whole root; there are many varieties, but those with red, single-petaled flowers grown in mountains are best. Those with abundant flowers and leaves have hollow roots. However, most roots are reddish, with astringent and bitter tastes; those that are white and thick/fat are better. The rest follows the classics. However, patients with blood deficiency and cold constitution must prohibit this herb. The ancients said: Reduce Paeoniae Radix to avoid middle jiao cold. Indeed, this should not be ignored.