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味辛、甘，平，无毒。主去恶虫，除脾胃寒热，通利九窍、血脉关节，令人不忘，疗
脾疸，常欲眠，心烦，哕出音声，疗耳聋，散痈肿、诸结不消，及金疮恶疮，鼠 ， 折，
（音瓮）鼻息肉，堕胎，去三虫。一名附支，一名丁翁。生石城山谷及山阳。正月采枝，
阴
干。
陶隐居云∶今出近道。绕树藤生，汁白。茎有细孔，两头皆通。含一头吹之，则气出彼
头者
良。或云即 （音福）藤茎。唐本注云∶此物大者径三寸，每节有二、三枝，枝头有五叶。
其
子长三、四寸，核黑穣白，食之甘美。南人谓为燕 （芳服切），或名乌 今言 藤， 、
声相近尔。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶木通，臣，微寒，一名王翁万年。主治五淋，利小便
，开
关格，治人多睡，主水肿浮大，除烦热。用根治项下瘤瘿。孟诜云∶燕 子，平。浓肠胃，
令人能食，下三焦，除恶气。和子食之更好。江北人多不识，江南人多食。又，续五脏断绝
气，使语声足气，通十二经脉。其茎名通草，食之通利诸经脉拥不通之气，北人但识通草，
不委子之功。其皮不堪食。陈士良云∶燕 子，寒，无毒。主胃口热闭，反胃不下食，除三
焦客热。此是木通，实名桴 子，茎名木通。主理风热淋疾，小便数急疼，小腹虚满。宜煎
汤并葱食之，有效，野生。日华子云∶木通，安心除烦，止渴退热，治健忘，明耳目，治鼻
寒，通小肠，下水，破积聚血块，排脓，治疮疖，止痛，催生下胞，女人血闭，月候不匀，
天行时疾，头痛目眩，赢劣，乳结及下乳。子名 子，七、八月采。陈藏器云∶通脱木，
无
毒。花上粉，主诸虫疮，野鸡病，取粉纳疮中。生山侧，叶似蓖麻，心中有瓤，轻白可爱。
女工取以饰物。《尔雅》云∶离南，活脱也。一本云∶药草，生江南，主虫病，今俗亦名通
草。
图经曰∶通草，生石城山谷及山阳，今泽、潞、汉中、江淮、湖南州郡亦有之。生作藤
蔓，
大如
指，其茎秆大者径三寸。每节有二、三枝，枝头出五叶，颇类石苇，又似芍药，三叶相对。
夏秋开紫花，亦有白花者。结实如小木瓜，核黑瓤白，食之甘美。南人谓之燕 ，亦云乌
，正月、二月采枝，阴干用。或以为葡萄苗，非也。今人谓之木通，而俗间所谓通草，乃通
脱木也。此木生山侧，叶如蓖麻，心空中有瓤，轻白可爱，女工取以饰物。《尔雅》云∶离
南，
活（音脱）。释云∶离南，草也。一名活 。《山海经》又名寇脱，生江南，高丈许，大叶
似荷而肥，茎中有瓤正白者是也。又名倚商，主蛊毒。其花上粉，主诸虫 恶疮痔疾，取粉
纳疮中。《正元广利方》疗瘰 ，及李绛兵部疗胸伏气攻胃咽不散方中，并用之。今京师园
圃间亦有种莳者。又按∶张氏《燕吴行役记》∶扬州大仪甘泉东院两廊前有通草，其形如椿
，少叶，子垂梢际，如苦楝。与今所说殊别，不知是木通邪？通脱邪？或别是一种也。古方
所
用通草，皆今之木通，通脱稀有使者。近世医家多用利小便。南人或以蜜煎作果食之甚美，
兼解诸药毒。
陈藏器云∶本功外，子味甘，利大小便，宣通去烦热，食之令人心宽，止渴下气，江东
人呼
为
畜子，江西人呼为拿子，如算袋，穣黄子黑，食之当去其皮。苏云色白、乃猴 也。海药
云∶谨按《徐表南州记》云∶生广州山谷。味温，平。主诸 疮，喉咙痛及喉痹，并宜煎
服
之，磨亦得急即含之。食疗云∶煮饮之，通妇人血气。浓煎三、五盏即便通。又除寒热不通
之气，消鼠 ，金疮， 折，煮汁酿酒妙。
通草
味辛、甘，性平，无毒。主要功效是去除体内的恶虫，消除脾胃的寒热症状，疏通九窍（眼、耳、鼻、口及前后二阴）、血脉和关节，使人记忆力增强，治疗脾疸（湿热蕴结于脾所致的黄疸），缓解嗜睡、心烦、呃逆有声等症状，治疗耳聋，消散痈肿及各种结节不消的情况，以及金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）和恶疮、鼠瘘（淋巴结核）、骨折损伤，（音瓮）鼻息肉，堕胎，去除三虫（泛指体内寄生虫）。又名附支，又名丁翁。产于石城山谷及山阳地区。正月采集枝条，阴干备用。
陶隐居说：现在出产于近道地区。它是缠绕树木生长的藤本植物，汁液白色。茎秆有细孔，两头相通。含住一头吹气，若气能从另一头出来，则为优质品。有人说它就是（音福）藤的茎。《唐本草》注解说：这种植物粗的直径有三寸，每节有两到三枝，枝头长有五片叶子。它的果实长三、四寸，核黑瓤白，吃起来甘甜美味。南方人称之为燕（芳服切），或者叫乌。现在所说的藤，是因为、声相近的缘故。臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》记载：木通，臣药，微寒，又名王翁万年。主治五淋（五种淋证），通利小便，开通关格（小便不通与呕吐并见的危重病症），治疗多睡症，主治水肿浮大，消除烦热。用根部治疗颈下的瘤瘿。孟诜说：燕子（此处指木通果实），性平。能厚肠胃，让人食欲增加，下行至三焦，去除恶气。连同果实一起吃更好。江北人多不认识，江南人多食用。另外，它能续接五脏断绝之气，使语声有力，贯通十二经脉。它的茎名叫通草，食用它能通利诸经脉中壅滞不通的气，北方人只认识通草，不了解果实的功效。它的皮不堪食用。陈士良说：燕子（木通果实），性寒，无毒。主治胃口热闭，反胃不下食，去除三焦客热。这是木通，果实实名桴子，茎名叫木通。主治风热淋疾，小便频数急痛，小腹虚满。宜煎汤加葱食用，有效，野生。日华子说：木通，能安心除烦，止渴退热，治疗健忘，明目聪耳，治疗鼻寒，通小肠，下水气，破除积聚血块，排脓，治疗疮疖，止痛，催生下胞，治疗妇女血闭，月经不调，天行时疾（流行性疾病），头痛目眩，身体羸弱，乳汁郁结及下乳。果实叫子，七月八月采集。陈藏器说：通脱木，无毒。花上的粉，主治各种虫疮、野鸡病，取粉纳入疮口中。生于山侧，叶子像蓖麻，心中有瓤，轻白可爱。女工取它来装饰物品。《尔雅》说：离南，就是活脱。另一种说法是：药草，生于江南，主治虫病，现在俗名也叫通草。
《图经》说：通草，生于石城山谷及山阳，现在泽州、潞州、汉中、江淮、湖南各州郡也有生长。生长为藤蔓状，粗如手指，其茎秆大的直径三寸。每节有两三枝，枝头出五叶，很像石苇，又似芍药，三叶相对。夏秋开紫花，也有白花。结实像小木瓜，核黑瓤白，吃起来甘甜美味。南方人叫它燕，也说叫乌，正月二月采集枝条，阴干使用。有人以为是葡萄苗，不对。现在人叫它木通，而民间所谓的通草，其实是通脱木。这种木生在山侧，叶子像蓖麻，心中空中有瓤，轻白可爱，女工取它来装饰物品。《尔雅》说：离南，就是活（音脱）。解释为：离南，是草。一名活。《山海经》又名寇脱，生于江南，高一丈左右，大叶像荷叶且肥厚，茎中有正白色的瓤就是它。又名倚商，主治蛊毒。它的花上粉，主治各种虫恶疮痔疾，取粉纳入疮口中。《正元广利方》治疗瘰疬，以及李绛兵部治疗胸伏气攻胃咽不散的方剂中，都使用它。现在京师园圃间也有种植。另外按：张氏《燕吴行役记》记载：扬州大仪甘泉东院两廊前有通草，形状像椿树，叶子少，果实垂在梢际，像苦楝树。与现在所说的不同，不知道是木通呢？还是通脱木呢？或者是另一种东西？古方所用的通草，都是现在的木通，通脱木很少使用。近世医家多用其利小便。南方人或用蜜煎制成果品食用，味道很美，兼解各种药毒。
陈藏器说：在本功之外，果实味甘，利大小便，宣通去除烦热，食用令人心宽，止渴下气，江东人呼为畜子，江西人呼为拿子，像算袋，瓤黄子黑，食用时应去掉皮。苏云色白，乃是猴（此处指猴枣或类似物，原文可能有缺字或异体，依文意译为猴相关之物，但根据上下文“色白”及前文“穣黄”，此处存疑，暂译作猴类相关描述，或指某种特定果实特征，结合“海药”部分，可能指代不明，保留原意结构）。海药说：谨按《徐表南州记》记载：生于广州山谷。味温，平。主治各种疮，喉咙痛及喉痹，都宜煎服，磨碎含服也可以。食疗说：煮饮之，通妇人血气。浓煎三、五盏即可通利。又能去除寒热不通之气，消鼠瘘，金疮，折伤，煮汁酿酒妙。
Tongcao (Akebiae Caulis / Tetrapanacis Medulla)
Pungent, sweet, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily used to expel harmful parasites, eliminate cold and heat in the spleen and stomach, unblock the nine orifices (eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and anterior/posterior orifices), blood vessels, and joints, enhance memory, treat Pi Dan (jaundice caused by damp-heat accumulation in the spleen), alleviate somnolence, mental restlessness, and hiccups with sound, treat deafness, dissipate carbuncles and various indurations that do not resolve, as well as Jin Chuang (traumatic injuries from metal weapons) and malignant sores, Shu Lou (scrofula/lymphatic tuberculosis), fractures, nasal polyps, induce abortion, and remove "three worms" (general term for internal parasites). Also known as Fuzhi, and Dingweng. Grows in the valleys of Shicheng and on the sunny slopes of mountains. Branches are harvested in the first lunar month and dried in the shade.
Tao Hongjing states: It is now produced in areas near the capital. It is a vine that wraps around trees, with white juice. The stem has fine pores and is open at both ends. If one end is placed in the mouth and blown into, and air exits the other end, it is considered superior. Some say it is the stem of Fu Teng. The annotation in *Tang Bencao* notes: This plant can have stems up to three cun in diameter, with two or three branches per node, and five leaves at the tips of the branches. Its fruit is three to four cun long, with a black seed and white pulp, tasting sweet and delicious. Southerners call it Yanzi, or Wu. The current term "Teng" is likely due to phonetic similarity. Minister Yuxi and others, according to *Yaoxing Lun*, state: Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), a minister herb, slightly cold, also known as Wangweng Wannian. It treats Wulin (five types of strangury), promotes urination, opens Guan Ge (obstruction syndrome characterized by vomiting and urinary retention), treats excessive sleepiness, manages edema with swelling, and clears irritability and heat. The root is used to treat goiters and masses under the neck. Meng Shen says: Yanzi (fruit of Mutong), neutral. It thickens the intestines and stomach, improves appetite, descends to the Triple Burner, and eliminates foul qi. Consuming it with the fruit is better. People in the north rarely know it, while those in the south consume it frequently. Additionally, it restores qi severed in the five zang organs, strengthens voice, and unblocks the twelve meridians. Its stem is called Tongcao; consuming it unblocks qi stagnation in the meridians. Northerners only recognize Tongcao and are unaware of the fruit's efficacy. The skin is inedible. Chen Shiliang says: Yanzi, cold, non-toxic. It treats heat closure in the stomach, regurgitation preventing food intake, and removes pathogenic heat in the Triple Burner. This is Mutong; the fruit is formally named Fuzi, and the stem is named Mutong. It treats wind-heat strangury, frequent and urgent painful urination, and deficiency-fullness in the lower abdomen. It should be decocted and eaten with green onions for effectiveness; it grows wild. Rihua Zi says: Mutong calms the mind, relieves irritability, stops thirst, reduces heat, treats forgetfulness, brightens eyes and ears, treats nasal cold, unblocks the Small Intestine, promotes water metabolism, breaks up accumulations and blood stasis, expels pus, treats sores and boils, relieves pain, induces labor and expels the placenta, treats blood obstruction in women, irregular menstruation, epidemic febrile diseases, headache and dizziness, emaciation, milk stasis, and promotes lactation. The fruit is called Zizi, harvested in the seventh and eighth lunar months. Chen Cangqi says: Tongtuomu (Tetrapanacis Medulla), non-toxic. The powder on its flowers treats various insect-related sores and pheasant diseases; the powder should be applied to the wound. It grows on mountain sides, with leaves resembling castor beans, a pithy center, light and white, and attractive. Female artisans use it for decoration. *Erya* states: Linan is Huotuo. Another version says: A medicinal herb growing in Jiangnan, treating worm diseases, now commonly called Tongcao.
*Tujing* states: Tongcao grows in the valleys of Shicheng and on sunny mountain slopes; it is now found in Zezhou, Luzhou, Hanzhong, Jianghuai, and Hunan prefectures. It grows as a vine, about the thickness of a finger, with stems up to three cun in diameter. Each node has two or three branches, with five leaves at the tips, resembling Shiwei (Pyrrhosiae Herba) or Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), with three leaves opposite each other. It blooms purple flowers in summer and autumn, sometimes white. The fruit resembles a small papaya, with a black seed and white pulp, tasting sweet. Southerners call it Yan, or Wu. Branches are harvested in the first and second lunar months and dried in the shade. Some mistake it for grape shoots, which is incorrect. Modern people call it Mutong, whereas the common folk's "Tongcao" refers to Tongtuomu. This tree grows on mountain sides, with leaves like castor beans, a hollow stem with white pith, light and attractive, used by artisans for decoration. *Erya* states: Linan is Huo (pronounced tuo). Explanation: Linan is a grass. Also known as Huo. *Shan Hai Jing* calls it Kuituo, growing in Jiangnan, about one zhang high, with large leaves resembling lotus leaves but fatter, and a stem with pure white pith. Also known as Yishang, treating gu poison. The powder on its flowers treats various insect-related malignant sores and hemorrhoids; apply the powder to the wound. *Zhengyuan Guangli Fang* uses it for Luoli (scrofula), and Li Jiang's military department formula for chest latent qi attacking the stomach and throat also uses it. It is now cultivated in gardens in the capital. Furthermore, Zhang's *Yan Wu Xingyi Ji* records: In Yangzhou, there is Tongcao before the corridors of Ganquan East Temple, resembling Toona sinensis (Xiangchun), with few leaves, and fruits hanging at the tips, resembling Chinaberry. This differs from the current description; it is unknown if this is Mutong, Tongtuomu, or another species. Ancient formulas used Tongcao, which was actually Mutong; Tongtuomu was rarely used. Recent physicians mostly use it to promote urination. Southerners sometimes preserve it in honey as a fruit, which is delicious and helps detoxify various medicines.
Chen Cangqi adds: Besides its primary functions, the fruit is sweet, promotes urination, clears irritability and heat, relaxes the mind, stops thirst, and directs qi downward. People in Jiangdong call it Chuzi, and those in Jiangxi call it Nazi, resembling a computing bag, with yellow pulp and black seeds; the skin should be removed before eating. Su Yun describes it as white, referring to Houzao (monkey date/gallstone). *Haiyao* states: According to *Xu Biao Nanzhou Ji*, it grows in the valleys of Guangzhou. Warm in nature, neutral. Treats various sores, sore throat, and throat bi (obstruction); decoction is suitable, or grinding and holding in the mouth. *Shiliao* states: Decoct and drink to regulate blood and qi in women. Strong decoction of three to five cups will quickly unblock it. It also eliminates cold and heat qi stagnation, treats shu lou, jin chuang, and fractures; brewing wine with the juice is excellent.