\r芒硝\pd8.bmp\r
味辛、苦，大寒。主五脏积聚，久热、胃闭，除邪气，破留血，腹中痰实结搏，通经脉，
利大小便及月水，破五淋，
推陈致新。生于朴硝。（石韦为之使，恶麦句姜。）
陶隐居云∶按《神农本经》无芒硝，只有硝石，名芒硝尔。后名医别载此说，其疗与硝
石正同，疑此即是硝石。旧
出宁州，黄白粒大，味极辛、苦，顷来宁州道断都绝。今医家多用煮炼作者，色全白，粒细，
而味不甚烈。此云生于朴
硝，则作者亦好。又皇甫士安解散硝石大凡说云∶无朴硝可用硝石，生山之阴，盐之胆也。
取石脾与硝石，以水煮之，
一斛得三斗，正白如雪，以水投中即消，故名硝石。其味苦，无毒。主消渴热中，止烦闷。
三月采于赤山。朴硝者，亦
生山之阴，有盐咸苦水，则朴硝生于其阳。其味苦无毒，其色黄白，主疗热，腹中饱胀，养
胃消谷，去邪气，亦得水而
消，其疗与硝石小异。按如此说，是取芒硝合煮，更成为真硝石，但不知石脾复是何物？本
草乃有石脾、石肺，人无识者，
皇甫既是安定人，又明医药，或当详。炼之以朴硝作芒硝者，但以暖汤淋朴硝，取汁清澄煮
之减半，出着木盆中，经宿
即成，状如白石英，皆六道也。作之忌杂人临视。今益州人复炼矾石作硝石，绝柔白而味犹
是矾石尔。孔氏解散方又云∶
熬炼硝石令沸定汁尽。如此，硝石犹是有汁也。今仙家须之，能化他石，乃用于理第一。唐
本注云∶晋宋古方，多用硝
石，少用芒硝，近代诸医但用芒硝，鲜言硝石，岂古人昧于芒硝也。《本经》云∶生于朴硝，
朴硝一名硝石朴，硝石一名
芒硝，理既明白，不合重出之。今注∶此即出于朴硝，以暖水淋朴硝，取汁炼之，令减半，
投于盆中，经宿乃有细芒生，
故谓之芒硝也。又有英硝者，其状若白石英，作四、五棱，白色，莹澈可爱。主疗与芒硝颇
同，亦出于朴硝，其煎炼自
别有法，亦呼为马牙硝。唐注以此为硝石同类，深为谬矣。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本又一说∶人若
常炼石而服者，至殁冢中生
悬石，
云不合重有芒硝条也。夫朴
硝，一名硝石朴，即炼朴硝成硝石，明矣，故有硝石条焉。又硝石，一名
亦是炼朴硝而成也。凡药虽
为一体，盖同出而异名，修炼之法既殊。主治之功遂别矣。药性论云∶芒硝，使。味咸，有
小毒。能通女子月闭，症瘕，
下瘰 ，黄胆病。主堕胎，患漆疮，汁敷之。主时疾壅热，能散恶血。陈藏器云∶石脾、芒
硝、硝石并出于西戎卤地，
咸水结成，所主亦以类相次。
图经云文具朴硝条下。
雷公云∶凡使，先以水飞过，用五重纸滴过去脚，于铛中干之，方入乳钵研如粉任用。
芒硝是朴硝中炼出形似麦芒
者，号曰芒硝。圣惠方治伐指，用芒硝煎汤淋渍之。千金方∶疗漆疮方∶用汤渍芒硝令浓，
涂之，干即易之。梅师方∶
治火丹毒，水调芒硝涂之。又方∶治一切疹，以水煮芒硝涂之。又方治伤寒发豌豆疮。未成
脓，研芒硝，用猪胆相和，
涂疮上，立效。子母秘录∶小儿赤游，行于体上，下至心即死，以芒硝纳汤中，取浓汁以拭
丹上。百一方∶疗关膈大小
便不通，胀满欲死，两、三日则杀人。芒硝三两，纸裹三、四重，炭火烧之，令内一升汤中
尽服，当先饮汤一升已吐出，
乃服之。孙真人食忌∶主眼有翳，取芒硝一大两，置铜器中急火上炼之，放冷后，以生绢细
罗，点眼角中。每夜欲卧时
一度点，妙。丹房镜源∶芒硝伏雌黄。
衍义曰∶芒硝，《经》云∶生于朴硝。乃是朴硝以水淋汁，澄清，再经熬炼减半，倾木
盆中，经宿，遂结芒有廉棱者。
故其性和缓，古今多用以治伤寒。
芒硝
味辛、苦，性大寒。主治五脏积聚，久热、胃气闭塞，祛除邪气，破除瘀血停滞，腹中痰湿实邪结聚阻滞，疏通经脉，通利大小便及月经，破除五种淋证（石淋、血淋、膏淋、劳淋、热淋），推陈出新。芒硝生于朴硝。（石韦为其引经药，畏麦句姜。）
陶隐居说：查考《神农本草经》无芒硝，只有硝石，名为芒硝尔。后世名医另载此说，其疗效与硝石完全相同，怀疑此即是硝石。旧时产于宁州，呈黄白色大颗粒，味道极辛、苦，近来宁州道路断绝，来源全无。现在医家多用煮炼制成的，颜色全白，颗粒细小，而味道不甚猛烈。此处说生于朴硝，则煮炼的也好。又皇甫士安在《解散》篇中大凡说：没有朴硝可用硝石，生于山阴，是盐的胆。取石脾与硝石，用水煮，一斛得三斗，正白如雪，投入水中即溶解，故名硝石。其味苦，无毒。主治消渴热中，止烦闷。三月采于赤山。朴硝者，也生于山阴，有盐咸苦水，则朴硝生于其阳。其味苦无毒，其色黄白，主治热病，腹中饱胀，养胃消谷，去邪气，也得水而溶解，其疗效与硝石略有不同。按如此说法，是取芒硝合煮，更成为真硝石，但不知石脾复是何物？本草乃有石脾、石肺，无人认识，皇甫既是安定人，又明医药，或许应当详细。炼之以朴硝作芒硝者，但以暖汤淋洗朴硝，取汁清澄煮之减半，出着木盆中，经宿即成，状如白石英，皆六道也。制作时忌讳杂人临视。今益州人复炼矾石作硝石，绝柔白而味犹是矾石尔。孔氏《解散方》又说：熬炼硝石令沸定汁尽。如此，硝石犹是有汁也。今仙家须之，能化他石，乃用于理第一。唐本注云：晋宋古方，多用硝石，少用芒硝，近代诸医但用芒硝，鲜言硝石，岂古人昧于芒硝也。《本经》云：生于朴硝，朴硝一名硝石朴，硝石一名芒硝，理既明白，不合重出之。今注：此即出于朴硝，以暖水淋朴硝，取汁炼之，令减半，投于盆中，经宿乃有细芒生，故谓之芒硝也。又有英硝者，其状若白石英，作四、五棱，白色，莹澈可爱。主疗与芒硝颇同，亦出于朴硝，其煎炼自别有法，亦呼为马牙硝。唐注以此为硝石同类，深为谬矣。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本又一说：人若常炼石而服者，至殁冢中生悬石，云不合重有芒硝条也。夫朴硝，一名硝石朴，即炼朴硝成硝石，明矣，故有硝石条焉。又硝石，一名亦是炼朴硝而成也。凡药虽为一体，盖同出而异名，修炼之法既殊。主治之功遂别矣。药性论云：芒硝，使。味咸，有小毒。能通女子月闭，症瘕，下瘰疬，黄胆病。主堕胎，患漆疮，汁敷之。主时疾壅热，能散恶血。陈藏器云：石脾、芒硝、硝石并出于西戎卤地，咸水结成，所主亦以类相次。图经云文具朴硝条下。雷公云：凡使，先以水飞过，用五重纸滴过去脚，于铛中干之，方入乳钵研如粉任用。芒硝是朴硝中炼出形似麦芒者，号曰芒硝。圣惠方治伐指，用芒硝煎汤淋渍之。千金方：疗漆疮方：用汤渍芒硝令浓，涂之，干即易之。梅师方：治火丹毒，水调芒硝涂之。又方：治一切疹，以水煮芒硝涂之。又方治伤寒发豌豆疮。未成脓，研芒硝，用猪胆相和，涂疮上，立效。子母秘录：小儿赤游，行于体上，下至心即死，以芒硝纳汤中，取浓汁以拭丹上。百一方：疗关膈大小便不通，胀满欲死，两、三日则杀人。芒硝三两，纸裹三、四重，炭火烧之，令内一升汤中尽服，当先饮汤一升已吐出，乃服之。孙真人食忌：主眼有翳，取芒硝一大两，置铜器中急火上炼之，放冷后，以生绢细罗，点眼角中。每夜欲卧时一度点，妙。丹房镜源：芒硝伏雌黄。衍义曰：芒硝，《经》云：生于朴硝。乃是朴硝以水淋汁，澄清，再经熬炼减半，倾木盆中，经宿，遂结芒有廉棱者。故其性和缓，古今多用以治伤寒。
Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas)
Pungent, bitter, very cold in nature. It primarily treats accumulations and masses in the five zang organs, chronic heat, gastric obstruction, expels pathogenic factors, breaks up retained blood, resolves phlegm-dampness solid exuberance and knotting in the abdomen, unblocks the meridians, promotes urination and defecation, regulates menstruation, breaks up the five types of strangury (Lin syndrome), and eliminates stale matter to promote new growth. Mangxiao is derived from Puxiao (Mirabilitum). Shiwei (Dendrobi Nidus) serves as its guiding herb; it is antagonistic with Maijujiang (Polygoni Multiflori Caulis).
Tao Hongjing states: According to the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica), there is no mention of Mangxiao, only Xiaoshi (Natrii Nitras), named Mangxiao. Later famous physicians recorded this separately, stating that its therapeutic effects are identical to those of Xiaoshi, leading one to suspect that they are the same substance. Previously produced in Ningzhou, it appeared as large yellowish-white granules with an extremely pungent and bitter taste. Recently, the road to Ningzhou has been cut off, and supplies have ceased entirely. Currently, physicians mostly use boiled and refined products, which are completely white, fine-grained, and not as potent in taste. The text mentions it is born from Puxiao, so the refined product is also good. Furthermore, Huangfu Mi (courtesy name Shian) generally stated in his work *Jie San*: If Puxiao is unavailable, Xiaoshi may be used; it grows in the shade of mountains and is the gall of salt. By taking Shipi (Lapis Ferri) and Xiaoshi, boiling them in water, one obtains three dou from one hu; it is pure white like snow, dissolves immediately when thrown into water, hence the name Xiaoshi. Its taste is bitter and non-toxic. It treats polydipsia and internal heat, relieves irritability and oppression. Harvested in March from Chishan. Puxiao also grows in the shade of mountains where there is salty, bitter water; thus, Puxiao grows in the yang aspect relative to this water. Its taste is bitter and non-toxic, color yellowish-white, treating heat, abdominal fullness, nourishing the stomach and aiding digestion, expelling pathogenic factors, and also dissolving in water. Its therapeutic effects differ slightly from Xiaoshi. Based on this description, it seems that by boiling Mangxiao together, true Xiaoshi is formed, but it remains unknown what Shipi is. The Materia Medica mentions Shipi and Shipei, yet no one recognizes them. Since Huangfu was a native of Anding and knowledgeable about medicine and pharmacology, he might have detailed this. To refine Mangxiao from Puxiao, one simply pours warm decoction over Puxiao, collects the clear juice, boils it until reduced by half, pours it into a wooden basin, and after overnight rest, it forms crystals resembling white quartzite. There are six distinct types. During production, it is taboo for unrelated people to watch. In Yizhou, people now refine Alum (Alumen) to make Xiaoshi, which is extremely soft and white but retains the taste of Alum. Kong's *Jie San Fang* further states: Boil and refine Xiaoshi until boiling stops and juices are exhausted. Even so, Xiaoshi still contains juices. Alchemists require it because it can transform other stones, making it the first choice for their purposes. The *Tang Bencao Zhu* notes: Ancient prescriptions from Jin and Song dynasties used Xiaoshi frequently and Mangxiao rarely. Modern physicians use only Mangxiao and seldom mention Xiaoshi. Could ancient masters have been ignorant of Mangxiao? The *Bencao Jing* states: Born from Puxiao. Puxiao is also called Xiaoshipo, and Xiaoshi is also called Mangxiao. The logic is clear, so they should not be listed redundantly. Current annotation: This originates from Puxiao; by pouring warm water over Puxiao, collecting the juice, refining it until reduced by half, and pouring it into a basin, fine芒 (spicules) grow overnight, hence the name Mangxiao. There is also Yingxiao, which resembles white quartzite, having four or five edges, white color, and translucent beauty. Its therapeutic effects are similar to Mangxiao, also derived from Puxiao, but prepared by a different method, also called Mayaxiao (Horse Tooth Salt). The Tang annotation classifying this as similar to Xiaoshi is deeply erroneous. Minister Yuxi et al. carefully note according to the Shu Ben edition another theory: If people constantly refine stones and ingest them, upon death, hanging stones form in their tombs. It is said that the Mangxiao entry should not be duplicated. Puxiao, also called Xiaoshipo, implies that refining Puxiao yields Xiaoshi, which is evident, hence the Xiaoshi entry exists. Also, Xiaoshi, also called [Mangxiao], is formed by refining Puxiao. Although these medicines are essentially one entity, originating from the same source but with different names, since the refinement methods differ, their primary therapeutic functions consequently diverge. *Yaoxing Lun* states: Mangxiao acts as a harmonizing agent. Salty taste, slightly toxic. It can relieve amenorrhea in women, treat zheng jia (masses), discharge luoli (scrofula), and jaundice. It induces abortion; for lac dermatitis, apply the juice externally. It treats epidemic febrile diseases with obstructive heat and can dissipate bad blood. Chen Zangqi states: Shipi, Mangxiao, and Xiaoshi all originate from the saline lands of the Western Regions, formed from salty water accumulation, and their indications follow similar categories. *Tu Jing* states details are under the Puxiao entry. Lei Gong states: Generally, before use, wash it with water, drip through five layers of paper to remove impurities, dry it in a pan, then grind in a mortar until powdery for use. Mangxiao is extracted from Puxiao, resembling wheat awns, hence the name Mangxiao. *Shenghui Fang* for treating severed fingers uses Mangxiao decoction for soaking. *Qianjin Fang*: For lac dermatitis, soak Mangxiao in hot water to make a thick solution, apply it, and change when dry. *Meishi Fang*: For erysipelas, mix Mangxiao with water and apply. Another prescription: For all rashes, boil Mangxiao in water and apply. Another prescription for measles caused by cold damage: Before suppuration, grind Mangxiao, mix with pig bile, and apply to the sore for immediate effect. *Zimu Milu*: For infantile erysipelas spreading on the body, if it reaches the heart, death ensues; dissolve Mangxiao in water, take the concentrated juice, and wipe it on the erysipelas. *Baiyi Fang*: For obstruction of the diaphragm causing inability to urinate or defecate, distension, and impending death, which kills within two to three days: Use 3 liang of Mangxiao, wrap in three to four layers of paper, burn with charcoal fire, dissolve in one sheng of water, and drink completely. First drink one sheng of water to induce vomiting, then administer the Mangxiao solution. *Sun Taoren Shiji*: For eye nebula, take one da liang of Mangxiao, place in a copper vessel, refine rapidly over fire, cool, sieve through fine raw silk, and instill into the corner of the eye once nightly before sleep, which is excellent. *Danfang Jingyuan*: Mangxiao subdues Yihuang (Realgar). *Yanyi* states: Regarding Mangxiao, the *Classic* says: Born from Puxiao. This means Puxiao is leached with water, clarified, boiled down by half, poured into a wooden basin, and after overnight rest, crystallizes into spicules with sharp edges. Therefore, its nature is mild, and古今 (ancients and moderns) often use it to treat Shanghan (Cold Damage).