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味苦，寒，无毒。主心腹结气，症瘕积聚，黄胆，溺有余沥，逐水，除痈肿，补中，
明目止泪，养肝胆气，安五脏，定志益精，利九窍，除伏热肠 ，止渴，醒酒，小便黄赤，
疗恶疮、下部 ，平胃气，令人嗜食、轻身。一名水槐，一名苦 （音识），一名地槐，一
名
菟槐，一名骄槐，一名白茎，一名虎麻，一名岑茎，一名禄白，一名陵郎。生汝南山谷及田
野。三月、八月、十月采根，曝干。（玄参为之使，恶贝母、漏芦、菟丝，反藜芦。）
陶隐居云∶今出近道处处有。叶极似槐树，故有槐名，花黄，子作荚，根味至苦恶。病
人酒
渍饮之多瘥。患疥者，一、两服亦除，盖能杀虫。唐本注云∶以十月收其实，饵如槐子法。
久服轻身不老，明目，有验。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶苦参，能治热毒风，皮肌烦燥生疮
，赤癞眉脱，主除大热、嗜睡，治腹中冷痛，中恶腹痛，除体闷，治心腹积聚。不入汤用。
日华子云∶杀疳虫，炒带烟出为末，饭饮下，治肠风泻血并热痢。
图经曰∶苦参，生汝南山谷及田野，今近道处处皆有之。其根黄色，长五、七寸许，两
指粗
细
。三、五茎并生，苗高三、二尺以来。叶碎青色，极似槐叶，故有水槐名，春生冬凋。其花
黄白，七月结实如小豆子。河北生者无花子。五月、六月、八月、十月采根，曝干用。古今
方用治疮疹最多，亦可治癞疾。其法用苦参五斤切，以好酒三斗渍三十日。每饮一合，日三
，常服不绝。若觉痹即瘥。取根皮末服之亦良。
唐本云∶治胫酸，疗恶虫。雷公云∶凡使，不计多少，先须用糯米浓泔汁浸一宿，上有
腥秽
气
，并在水面上浮，并须重重淘过，即蒸，从巳至申出，晒干，细锉用之。圣惠方∶治伤寒四
日
，已呕吐，更宜吐。以苦参末，酒下二钱，得吐瘥。外台秘要∶治天行病四、五日，结胸满
痛，
壮热，身体热。苦参一两锉，以醋二升，煮取一升二合，尽饮之，当吐，即愈。天行毒病，
非苦参、醋药不解，及温覆取汗愈。又方∶治小儿身热，苦参汤浴儿良。千金方∶治狂邪发
恶，
或披头大叫，欲杀人，不避水火。苦参以蜜丸如桐子大。每服十丸，薄荷汤下。又方∶治饮
食
中毒。以苦参三两，酒二升半。煮取一升服，取吐愈。肘后方∶治谷疸食劳，头旋，心怫郁
不
安而发黄。由失饥大食，胃气冲熏所致。苦参三两，龙胆一合，为末，牛胆丸如梧子大。生
大麦汁服五丸，日三服。又方∶治时气垂死者。苦参一两 咀，以酒二升半，煮取一升半，
去
滓，适寒温尽服之。当闻苦参吐毒如溶胶，便愈。又方∶治卒心痛。苦参三两，苦酒一升半
，
煮取八合，分二服。梅师方∶治饮食中毒，鱼、肉、菜等。苦参三两，以苦酒一升，煎三、
五
沸，去滓服，吐出即愈。或取煮犀角汁一升，亦佳。又方∶治伤寒四、五日，头痛壮热，胸
中
烦痛。苦参五两，乌梅二十枚细锉，以水二升，煎取一升，分服。孙真人食忌∶治中恶心痛
。
苦参一两，酒一升半，煮取八合，乘热顿服。胜金方∶治时疾热病，狂言心躁。苦参不限多
少，炒黄色为末。每服二钱，水一盏，煎至八分，温服。
连煎三服。有汗、无汗皆瘥。集验方∶治毒热，足肿疼欲脱。酒煮苦参以渍之。伤寒类要∶
治瘟
气病欲死。苦参二两，以水二升，煮取一升，顿服之。吐则愈，或汗愈。子母秘录∶治小腹
疼
，青黑或赤，不能喘。苦参一两，醋一升半，煎八合，分二服。太仓公淳于意医齐中大夫病
龋齿，灸左手阳明脉，苦参汤日漱三升。出入慎风，五、六日愈。沈存中笔谈常患腰疼，时
以病齿用苦参。后有太常少卿舒昭亮，用苦参揩齿，岁久亦病腰。自后不用苦参，腰疾遂愈
。
衍义曰∶苦参，有朝士苦腰重，久坐，旅拒十余步，然后能行。有一将佐谓朝士曰∶见
公日
逐以
药揩齿，得无用苦参否？曰∶始以病齿，用苦参已数年。此病由苦参入齿，其气味伤肾，故
使人腰重。后有太常少卿舒昭亮，用苦参揩齿，岁久亦病腰。自后悉不用，腰疾皆愈，此皆
方书旧不载者。有人病遍身风热细疹，痒痛不可任，连胸、颈、脐、腹及近隐处皆然，涎
痰亦多，夜不得睡。以苦参末一两，皂角二两，水一升。揉滤取汁，银石器熬成膏，和苦参
末为丸，如梧桐子大。食后温水服二十至三十丸，次日便愈。
味苦，性寒，无毒。主治心腹部的结气（气机郁结），症瘕积聚（腹内肿块），黄疸，小便淋漓不尽，逐水消肿，消除痈肿，补益中气，明目止泪，滋养肝胆之气，安定五脏，定志益精，通利九窍，清除伏热肠垢，止渴，解酒，治疗小便黄赤，疗治恶疮及下部病变，平调胃气，使人增进食欲、身体轻健。又名水槐，又名苦识（音同“识”），又名地槐，又名菟槐，又名骄槐，又名白茎，又名虎麻，又名岑茎，又名禄白，又名陵郎。产于汝南山谷及田野间。三月、八月、十月采集根部，晒干。（玄参为其引经药，忌与贝母、漏芦、菟丝子同用，反藜芦。）
陶隐居说：如今在附近各地都有出产。叶子极像槐树，所以有槐的名称，花黄色，果实成荚，根部味道极苦且难闻。病人用酒浸泡饮用，多能痊愈。患疥疮的人，服用一两剂也能去除，大概是因为它能杀虫。《唐本草》注解说：在十月收集其果实，按照吃槐子的方法服用。长期服用可身体轻健、不老，明目，确有验效。臣禹锡等谨按《药性论》说：苦参能治疗热毒风邪，皮肤肌肉烦躁生疮，赤癞（红斑脱发），主治清除大热、嗜睡，治疗腹中冷痛，中恶腹痛，消除身体闷胀，治疗心腹积聚。不用于汤剂。
日华子说：杀灭疳虫，炒至冒烟后研为粉末，用饭饮送服，治疗肠风泻血及热痢。
《图经》说：苦参，产于汝南山谷及田野，如今附近各地都有。其根呈黄色，长约五、七寸左右，粗细如两指。三、五茎并生，苗高三、二尺以上。叶子碎青色，极似槐叶，所以有水槐之名，春天生长冬天凋谢。花黄白色，七月结实如小豆子。河北产的没有花和果实。五月、六月、八月、十月采集根部，晒干使用。古今方剂多用其治疗疮疹，也可治疗癞疾。方法是取苦参五斤切碎，用好酒三斗浸泡三十天。每次饮用一合，每日三次，常服不间断。如果感觉痹症即愈。取根皮研末服用也很好。
唐代本草说：治疗小腿酸痛，疗治恶虫。雷公说：凡使用，不论多少，先用糯米浓淘米水浸泡一夜，上面有腥秽气味，浮在水面上的，必须反复淘洗，然后蒸制，从巳时到申时取出，晒干，细锉后使用。《圣惠方》：治疗伤寒四天，已经呕吐，宜再催吐。用苦参末，酒送下二钱，吐出后痊愈。《外台秘要》：治疗天行病（流行性疾病）四、五天，结胸满痛，高热，身体发热。苦参一两切碎，用醋二升，煮取一升二合，全部喝下，应当呕吐，随即痊愈。天行毒病，非苦参、醋药不能解除，以及温覆取汗才能痊愈。又一方：治疗小儿身热，用苦参汤洗浴婴儿良好。《千金方》：治疗狂邪发作发恶，或披头大叫，欲杀人，不避水火。苦参制成蜜丸，如梧桐子大。每次服用十丸，薄荷汤送下。又一方：治疗饮食中毒。用苦参三两，酒二升半。煮取一升服用，催吐后痊愈。《肘后方》：治疗谷疸食劳，头晕，心中烦郁不安而发黄。由于失饥暴食，胃气冲熏所致。苦参三两，龙胆一合，研为粉末，用牛胆汁制成梧子大小的丸剂。用生大麦汁送服五丸，每日三次服用。又一方：治疗时气病垂死者。苦参一两切碎，用酒二升半，煮取一升半，去渣，趁适寒温全部服下。应当闻到苦参吐出的毒物如溶胶状，便痊愈。又一方：治疗突发心痛。苦参三两，苦酒（醋）一升半，煮取八合，分两次服用。《梅师方》：治疗饮食中毒，鱼、肉、菜等。苦参三两，用苦酒一升，煎煮三、五沸，去渣服用，吐出即愈。或者取煮犀角汁一升，也很好。又一方：治疗伤寒四、五天，头痛高热，胸中烦痛。苦参五两，乌梅二十枚切碎，用水二升，煎取一升，分次服用。孙真人《食忌》：治疗中恶心痛。苦参一两，酒一升半，煮取八合，乘热顿服。《胜金方》：治疗时疾热病，胡言乱语，心烦躁动。苦参不限多少，炒黄为末。每次服用二钱，水一盏，煎至八分，温服。连续煎服三剂。有汗、无汗皆愈。《集验方》：治疗毒热，足部肿胀疼痛欲脱。用酒煮苦参浸泡患处。《伤寒类要》：治疗瘟气病欲死。苦参二两，用水二升，煮取一升，顿服。呕吐则愈，或出汗则愈。《子母秘录》：治疗小腹疼痛，颜色青黑或赤，不能喘息。苦参一两，醋一升半，煎至八合，分两次服用。太仓公淳于意医治齐国中大夫患龋齿，灸左手阳明脉，用苦参汤每天漱口三升。注意出入防风，五、六天痊愈。沈存中《笔谈》记载常患腰痛，时常因病牙用苦参。后来太常少卿舒昭亮，用苦参擦牙，时间久了也患腰痛。从此不用苦参，腰疾遂愈。
《衍义》说：苦参，有位朝士苦于腰部沉重，久坐后，挣扎十余步，然后才能行走。有一位将佐对朝士说：见您每天用药擦牙，莫非用的是苦参吗？回答说：起初因病牙，用苦参已有数年。此病由苦参入齿，其气味伤肾，所以使人腰重。后来太常少卿舒昭亮，用苦参擦牙，时间久了也患腰痛。从此全都不再用，腰疾都痊愈了，这些都是方书旧载所没有的。有人患遍身风热细疹，痒痛不可忍受，连胸、颈、脐、腹及近隐处皆然，涎痰也多，夜里不能睡觉。用苦参末一两，皂角二两，水一升。揉搓过滤取汁，银石器熬成膏，和苦参末制成丸，如梧桐子大。饭后温水送服二十至三十丸，次日便痊愈。
Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix)
Bitter, cold, non-toxic. It primarily treats Qi stagnation in the heart and abdomen (Qi stagnation), Zhengjia and Jizhi (abdominal masses), jaundice, dribbling urination, expels water, eliminates carbuncles and swellings, tonifies the Middle Jiao, brightens the eyes and stops tearing, nourishes the Qi of the Liver and Gallbladder, calms the Five Zang organs, stabilizes the mind and benefits essence, unblocks the nine orifices, clears latent heat from the intestines, stops thirst, resolves alcohol intoxication, treats yellow-red urine, cures malignant sores and lower body lesions, harmonizes Stomach Qi, promotes appetite, and makes the body feel light. Also known as Shuihuai (Water Locust), Kushi (sound like "shi"), Dihuai (Earth Locust), Tuhuai (Rabbit Locust), Jiaohuai (Proud Locust), Baijing (White Stem), Huma (Tiger Hemp), Cenjing (Cen Stem), Lubai (Lu White), and Linglang. Grows in the valleys and fields of Mount Ru. The roots are harvested in March, August, and October, and dried in the sun. (Xuanshen is its guiding herb; it is incompatible with Beimu, Loulu, and Tusiren, and opposes Lilu.)
Tao Hongjing stated: It is now found everywhere in nearby regions. The leaves closely resemble those of the locust tree, hence the name Huai (Locust); the flowers are yellow, the fruits are pods, and the root tastes extremely bitter and unpleasant. Patients who soak it in wine and drink it often recover. Those suffering from scabies can also be cured by taking one or two doses, likely because it kills parasites. The Annotation of Tang Bencao states: Collect the fruit in October and consume it as one would locust seeds. Long-term use makes the body light and prevents aging, and brightens the eyes, with verified efficacy. Ministers Yuxi and others, according to Yaoxing Lun, state: Kushen can treat wind-heat toxins, skin and muscle irritability with sores, erysipeloid alopecia (red leprosy with eyebrow loss), primarily clearing severe heat and lethargy, treating cold pain in the abdomen, abdominal pain due to evil qi invasion, relieving bodily stuffiness, and treating heart and abdominal accumulations. It is not used in decoctions.
Rihua Zi stated: It kills gut worms. When stir-fried until smoking and ground into powder, taken with rice water, it treats intestinal wind bleeding and dysentery with heat.
Tu Jing stated: Kushen grows in the valleys and fields of Mount Ru, and is now found everywhere in nearby regions. Its root is yellow, about five to seven cun long, and thick as two fingers. Three to five stems grow together, with seedlings reaching three to two chi high. The leaves are fragmented green, resembling locust leaves very much, hence the name Shuihuai (Water Locust); they sprout in spring and wither in winter. The flowers are yellow-white, and fruits form in July like small beans. Those grown in Hebei have no flowers or fruits. Roots are harvested in May, June, August, and October, and dried for use. Ancient and modern formulas use it most frequently to treat chickenpox and smallpox, and can also treat leprosy. The method involves cutting five jin of Kushen, soaking it in three dou of good wine for thirty days. Drink one he each time, three times a day, continuously. If numbness is felt, it heals. Taking the root bark powder is also effective.
Tang Bencao stated: It treats soreness in the shins and cures harmful insects. Lei Gong stated: Regardless of quantity, first soak in thick rice washing water overnight. The foul odor floating on the surface must be washed away repeatedly. Then steam it from Si hour to Shen hour, dry it, cut finely, and use. Shenghui Fang: Treats four-day Shanghan where vomiting has already occurred, inducing further vomiting is appropriate. Take two qian of Kushen powder with wine; recovery follows vomiting. Waitai Miyao: Treats Tianxing disease (epidemic disease) at four or five days, presenting with chest fullness and pain, high fever, and body heat. Cut one liang of Kushen, boil in two sheng of vinegar to obtain one sheng and two he, drink all; vomiting should occur, leading to cure. Epidemic toxic diseases cannot be resolved without Kushen and vinegar medicine, nor healed by warming covers to induce sweat. Another prescription: Treating infantile fever, bathing the child in Kushen decoction is beneficial. Qianjin Fang: Treats manic delirium with evil manifestations, such as disheveled hair, loud screaming, desire to kill, and disregard for fire and water. Make Kushen honey pills the size of tung seeds. Take ten pills each time, downed with mint tea. Another prescription: Treats food poisoning. Boil three liang of Kushen in two and a half sheng of wine to obtain one sheng, take orally; recovery follows vomiting. Zhouhou Fang: Treats Gu Dan (grain jaundice) from dietary labor, dizziness, mental depression, and yellowing of the skin. Caused by irregular hunger and overeating, leading to Stomach Qi rushing upward. Mix three liang of Kushen and one he of Longdan into powder, make pills the size of wu seeds using ox bile. Take five pills with raw barley juice, three times daily. Another prescription: Treats critical Shi Qi (seasonal pathogen) cases. Cut one liang of Kushen, boil in two and a half sheng of wine to obtain one and a half sheng, strain, and drink while warm. One should smell the toxic material vomited like melted glue, then recover. Another prescription: Treats sudden heart pain. Boil three liang of Kushen in one and a half sheng of Kujiu (vinegar) to obtain eight he, divide into two doses. Meishi Fang: Treats food poisoning from fish, meat, vegetables, etc. Boil three liang of Kushen in one sheng of Kujiu for three to five boils, strain, and take; recovery follows vomiting. Alternatively, one liter of boiled rhinoceros horn juice is also good. Another prescription: Treats Shanghan at four or five days, with headache, high fever, and chest distress/pain. Chop five liang of Kushen and twenty Wumei (smoked plums), boil in two sheng of water to obtain one sheng, divide and take. Sun Taoren's Food Taboos: Treats sudden heart pain from evil qi. Boil one liang of Kushen in one and a half sheng of wine to obtain eight he, drink hot in one dose. Shengjin Fang: Treats epidemic febrile disease with delirium and restlessness. Take unlimited Kushen, stir-fry until yellow and grind. Take two qian each time, boil in one cup of water to reduce to eight tenths, take warm. Decoct and take three times consecutively. Recovery occurs whether sweating or not. Jiyan Fang: Treats toxic heat causing swollen, painful feet threatening to detach. Soak in Kushen boiled in wine. Shanghan Leiyao: Treats plague qi disease nearing death. Boil two liang of Kushen in two sheng of water to obtain one sheng, drink in one dose. Recovery follows vomiting or sweating. Zimu Milu: Treats lower abdominal pain, dark blue/black or red color, inability to breathe. Boil one liang of Kushen in one and a half sheng of vinegar to obtain eight he, divide into two doses. Tai Cang Gong Chunyu Yi treated the Minister of Qi suffering from dental caries by moxibustion on the Left Hand Yangming meridian, rinsing with Kushen decoction three sheng daily. Avoid wind upon entering/exiting; recovery in five to six days. Shen Cunzhong's Bitan records chronic back pain, occasionally using Kushen for toothache. Later, Vice Director of Ceremonies Shu Zhaoliang used Kushen to brush teeth and developed back pain after many years. Upon stopping Kushen, his back pain cured.
Yanyi stated: An official suffered from heavy waist, requiring him to struggle for more than ten steps after sitting for a long time before he could walk. A military officer asked the official if he was using Kushen to brush his teeth daily. The official replied he had used Kushen for his teeth for several years. This illness was caused by Kushen entering the teeth; its aroma damaged the Kidney, causing heaviness in the waist. Later, Vice Director of Ceremonies Shu Zhaoliang used Kushen to brush his teeth and also developed back pain after many years. Upon completely stopping, his back ailment healed. These cases were not recorded in old medical texts. Someone suffered from widespread wind-heat fine rashes, unbearable itching and pain, affecting the chest, neck, navel, abdomen, and near-genital areas, with excessive phlegm-saliva and insomnia. Take one liang of Kushen powder and two liang of Zaojiao (Gleditsia sinensis). Add one sheng of water, rub and filter to extract juice, boil in silver/copper vessel to form a paste, mix with Kushen powder to make pills the size of tung seeds. Take 20-30 pills with warm water after meals; recovery the next day.