\r茯苓\pd311.bmp\r
味甘，平，无毒。主胸胁逆气，忧恚、惊邪、恐悸，心下结痛，寒热，烦满，咳逆，
焦舌干，利小便，止消渴，
好睡，大腹淋沥，膈中痰水，水肿淋结，开胸腑，调脏气，伐
中。久服安魂养神，不饥延年。一名茯菟。其有抱根者，名茯神。
茯神 平。主辟不祥，疗风眩、风虚，五劳，口干，止惊悸，多恚怒，善忘，开
心益智，
安魂魄，养精神。生太山山谷大松下。二月、八月采，阴干。（马间为之使，得甘草、防风、
芍药、紫石英、麦门冬共疗五脏。恶白蔹，畏牡蒙，地榆、雄黄、秦艽、龟甲。）
陶隐居云∶按药无马间，或者马茎，声相近故也。今出郁州，彼土人乃假研松作之，形
多小虚赤不佳。自然成者，大如三、四升器，外皮黑，细皱，内紧白，形如鸟兽、龟鳖者良。
作丸散者，皆先煮之两、三沸，乃切，曝干。白色者补，赤色者利，俗用甚多。《仙经》服
食，亦为至要。云其通神而致灵，和魂而炼魄，明窍而益肌，浓肠而开心，调荣而理胃，上
品仙药也。善能断谷不饥。为药无朽蛀。尝掘地得昔人所埋一块，计应三十许年，而色理无
异，明其贞全不朽矣。其有衔松根对度者为茯神，是其次茯苓后结一块也。仙方唯云茯苓而
无茯神，为疗既同，用之亦应无嫌。唐本注云∶季氏本草云∶马刀为茯苓使，无名马间者。
间字草书实似刀字，写人不识，讹为间尔。陶不悟，云是马茎，谬矣。今太山亦有茯苓，白
实而块小，而不复采用。第一出华山，形极粗大。雍州南山亦有，不如华山者。今注马间当
是马蔺，二注皆恐非也。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶生枯松树下，形块无定，以似人、龟，
鸟形者佳。今所在有大松处皆有，唯华山最多。范子云∶茯苓出嵩高三辅。淮南子云∶下有
茯苓，上有菟丝。注云∶茯苓，千岁松脂也。菟丝生其上而无根。一名女萝也。典术云∶茯
苓者，松脂入地千岁为茯苓，望松树赤者下有之。广志云∶茯神，松汁所作，胜茯苓。或曰∶
松根茯苓贯着之，生朱提汉阳县。药性论云∶茯苓，臣，忌米醋。能开胃止呕逆，善安心神
，主肺痿痰壅，治小儿惊痫，疗心腹胀满，妇人热淋，赤者破结气。又云茯神，君，味甘，
无毒。主惊痫，安神定志，补劳乏，主心下急痛坚满人虚而小肠不利，加而用之。其心名黄
松节，偏治中偏风，口面 斜，毒风筋挛不语，心神惊掣，虚而健忘。日华子云∶茯苓，补
五劳七伤，安胎，暖腰膝，开心益智，止健忘，忌酸及酸物。
图经曰∶茯苓，生泰山山谷，今泰华、嵩山皆有之。出大松下，附根而生，无苗、叶、
花、实，作块如拳在土底，大者至数斤，似人形、龟形者佳，皮黑，肉有赤、白二种。或云
是多年松脂流入土中变成，或云假松气于本根上生。今东人采之法∶山中古松，久为人斩伐
者，其枯折搓 ，枝叶不复上生者，谓之茯苓拔。见之，即于四面丈余地内，以铁头锥刺地。
如有茯苓，则锥固不可拔，于是掘土取之。其拨大者，茯苓亦大。皆自作块，不附着根上。
其抱根而轻虚者为茯神。然则假气而生者，其说胜矣。二月、八月采者良，皆阴干。《史记·龟
策传》云∶伏灵在菟丝之下，状如飞鸟之形。新雨已，天清静无风，以夜捎（或作烧）菟丝
去
之，即篝烛此地，篝（音沟），笼也，盖然火而笼罩其上也。火灭即记其处，以新布四丈环
置
之，明乃掘取，入地四尺至七尺得矣。此类今固不闻有之。神仙方多单饵之。其法∶取白茯
苓五斤，去黑皮，捣筛，以熟绢囊盛，于三斗米下蒸之，米熟即止。曝干又蒸，如此三过。
乃取牛乳二斗和合，着铜器中，微火煮加膏，收之。每食以竹刀割取，随性任饱服之，则不
饥。如欲食，先煮葵菜汁饮之，任食无碍。又茯苓苏法云∶取白茯苓三十斤，山之阳者甘美
，山之阴者味苦，去皮，薄切，曝干蒸之。以汤淋去苦味，淋之不止，其汁当甜。乃曝干筛
末，用酒三石，蜜三升相和，内末其中，并置大瓮搅之百匝，封之勿泄气。冬五十日，夏二
十五日，稣自浮出酒上，掠取之，其味极甘美。以作饼，大如手掌，空室中阴干，色赤如枣
。饥时食一枚，酒送之，终日不须食，自饱。此名神仙度世之法。又服食法∶以合白菊花，
或合桂心，或合术，丸、散自任。皆可常服，补益殊胜。或云茯苓中有赤筋，最能损目，若
久服者，当先杵末，水中飞澄熟挪，去尽赤滓方可服。若合他药，则不须尔。凡药有茯苓，
皆忌米醋。旧说琥珀，是千年茯苓所化，一名江珠。张茂先云∶今益州永昌出琥珀，而无茯
苓。又云∶烧蜂窠所作。三说张皆不能辨。按《南蛮地志》云∶林邑多琥珀，云是松脂所化
。又云∶枫脂为之，彼人亦不复知。地中有琥珀，则旁无草木，入土浅者五尺，深者或八、
九尺，大者如槲，削去皮，初如桃胶，久乃坚凝。其方人以为枕，然古今相传是松类，故附
于茯苓耳。
雷公云∶凡采得后，去皮心神了，捣令细，于水盆中搅令浊，浮者去之，是茯苓筋，若
误服之，令人眼中童子并黑晴点小，兼盲目。甚记之。圣惠方∶治面 及产妇黑 如雀卵
色。用白茯苓末，蜜和敷之。肘后方∶姚氏疗 。茯苓末白蜜和涂上，满七日即愈。经验后
方∶养老延年服茯苓方∶华山挺子茯苓，研削如枣许大，令四方有角，安于新瓷瓶内，以好
酒浸，以三重纸封其头后，一百日开，其色当如饧糖。可日食一块。百日后肌体润泽，服一
年后，可夜视物，久久食之，肠化为筋，可延年耐老，面若童颜。孙真人枕中记∶茯苓久服
百日，百病除，二百日夜昼不眠，二年后役使鬼神，四年后玉女来侍。抱朴子∶任子季服茯
苓十八年，玉女从之，能隐能彰，不食谷，灸瘢灭，面生光玉泽。宋王微茯苓赞∶皓苓下居，
彤纷上荟，中状鸡凫，具客龟蔡，神侔少司，保延幼艾，终志不移，柔红可佩。神仙服茯苓
法∶白茯苓去皮，酒浸十五日，漉出为散。每服三钱，水调下，日三。
衍义曰∶茯苓，乃樵斫讫多年松根之气所生。此盖根之气味，噎郁未绝，故为是物。然
亦由土地所宜与不宜，其津气盛者，方发泄于外，结为盖苓，故不抱根而成物。既离其本体，
则有苓之义。茯神者，其根但有津气而不甚盛，故只能伏结于本根。既不离其本，故曰∶茯
神。此物行水之功多，益心脾不可阙也。或曰∶松既樵矣，而根尚能生物乎？答曰∶如马勃
菌、五芝、木耳、石耳之类，皆生于枯木、石、粪土之上，精英未沦，安得不为物也。其上
有菟丝，下有茯苓之说，甚为轻信。
茯苓
味甘，性平，无毒。主治胸胁部气逆上冲，忧愁愤懑、惊骇邪气、恐惧心悸，心窝部结聚疼痛，寒热往来，烦闷胀满，咳嗽气逆，舌焦口干，通利小便，止消渴，嗜睡，大腹水肿淋沥，膈间痰饮积水，水肿淋闭结聚，开通胸腑，调和脏气，攻伐中焦邪气。长期服用可安魂养神，不感饥饿且延年益寿。又名茯菟。其中包裹松根的，称为茯神。
茯神 性平。主治辟除不祥，治疗风眩、风虚，五劳七伤，口干，止惊悸，多怒易躁，健忘，开心益智，安魂魄，养精神。生于泰山山谷的大松下。二月、八月采集，阴干。（马蔺为其引经药，与甘草、防风、芍药、紫石英、麦门冬同用可共疗五脏疾病。忌白蔹，畏牡蒙、地榆、雄黄、秦艽、龟甲。）陶隐居说：查考药物中没有“马间”，或许是“马茎”，因声音相近的缘故。现在产于郁州，当地百姓便伪造研磨松树制作，形状多为细小空虚且色赤，品质不佳。自然生成的，大小如三、四升的容器，外皮黑色，皱纹细密，内部紧实洁白，形状像鸟兽、龟鳖的为优良品。制作丸散的药物，都先煮两、三沸，然后切片，晒干。白色的具有补益作用，红色的具有利水作用，世俗使用非常多。《仙经》中的服食方法，也认为极为重要。说它能通神致灵，和魂炼魄，明窍益肌，浓肠开心，调荣理胃，是上品仙药。善于断绝谷食而不饥饿。作为药物不会腐朽虫蛀。曾经挖掘地面得到前人埋藏的一块，估计应有三十多年，但色泽纹理没有变化，证明其坚贞完整不朽。其中衔着松根对度生长的称为茯神，这是其次于茯苓之后结成的一块。仙方只说茯苓而没有茯神，因为疗效既然相同，使用它也没有嫌疑。唐本注说：季氏本草说：马刀是茯苓的引经药，没有叫马间的。间字草书确实像刀字，写字的人不认识，讹传为间字罢了。陶隐居不明白，说是马茎，是错误的。现在泰山也有茯苓，白色坚实但块小，不再被采用。第一产地是华山，形状极其粗大。雍州南山也有，但不如华山的好。现在注释马间应当是马蔺，两种注释恐怕都不正确。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经说：生长在枯松树下，形状块状不定，像人、龟、鸟形状的为佳。现在有大松树的地方都有，只有华山最多。范子说：茯苓出自嵩山及三辅地区。淮南子说：地下有茯苓，地上有菟丝。注解说：茯苓，是千年的松脂。菟丝生在它上面而没有根。又名女萝。典术说：茯苓，是松脂入地千年变成茯苓，看见松树发红的地底下就有。广志说：茯神，是松汁所作，胜过茯苓。有人说：松根茯苓贯穿附着生长，产于朱提汉阳县。药性论说：茯苓，属臣药，忌米醋。能开胃止呕逆，善安心神，主肺痿痰壅，治小儿惊痫，疗心腹胀满，妇人热淋，红色的破结气。又说茯神，属君药，味甘，无毒。主惊痫，安神定志，补劳乏，主心下急痛坚满，人体虚弱而小肠不利，加入使用。其中心名为黄松节，偏治半身中风，口眼歪斜，毒风筋挛不语，心神惊掣，虚弱而健忘。日华子说：茯苓，补五劳七伤，安胎，暖腰膝，开心益智，止健忘，忌酸及酸物。
图经说：茯苓，生于泰山山谷，现在泰华、嵩山都有。出在大松下，附着根部生长，无苗、叶、花、实，结成块状如拳头在土底，大的至几斤，像人形、龟形的佳，皮黑，肉有赤、白两种。有人说它是多年松脂流入土中变成的，有人说它是假借松气在本根上生长的。现在东方人采集的方法：山中古老的松树，长久被人砍伐的，其枯折搓揉，枝叶不再向上生长的，称为茯苓拔。见到它，就在四面丈余远的地方，用铁头锥刺地。如果有茯苓，则锥子坚固不可拔出，于是掘土取之。其拔大的，茯苓也大。都是自作块状，不附着在根上。其中抱根而轻虚的是茯神。那么假借气而生的说法更有道理了。二月、八月采集为好，都阴干。《史记·龟策传》说：伏灵在菟丝之下，形状像飞鸟。新雨刚停，天清静无风，在夜里烧掉（或作烧）菟丝，去掉它，就用笼烛照此地，篝（音沟），就是笼子，盖上火并笼罩在上面。火灭就记下那个地方，用新布四丈环绕放置，天亮就挖掘，入地四尺到七尺就能得到了。这类方法现在固然听不到了。神仙方多单独服用它。其方法：取白茯苓五斤，去黑皮，捣筛，用熟绢囊盛装，在三斗米下蒸它，米熟就停止。晒干又蒸，这样三次。然后取牛乳二斗混合，放在铜器中，微火煮加膏，收存。每次吃饭时用竹刀割取，随性情任饱服用，就不饥饿。如果想吃东西，先煮葵菜汁饮用，随意吃没有妨碍。又有茯苓苏法说：取白茯苓三十斤，山的南面生长者甘美，山的北面生长者味苦，去皮，薄切，晒干蒸之。用汤淋去苦味，淋个不停，它的汁液应当变甜。然后晒干筛末，用酒三石，蜜三升相和，放入粉末其中，一起放在大瓮中搅拌一百圈，封好不要漏气。冬天五十天，夏天二十五天，酥自浮出酒面上，掠取它，味道极甘美。做成饼，大如手掌，在空室中阴干，颜色红得像枣。饥饿时吃一枚，酒送服，整天不需要进食，自然饱足。这名叫神仙度世之法。又有服食法：配合白菊花，或者配合桂心，或者配合白术，丸、散随意。都可以常服，补益殊胜。有人说茯苓中有赤筋，最能损害眼睛，如果久服，应当先杵成末，在水中飞澄熟挪，去尽赤滓才可以服用。如果配合其他药物，则不需要这样。凡是药中有茯苓，都忌米醋。旧说琥珀，是千年茯苓所化，一名江珠。张茂先说：现在益州永昌出产琥珀，而没有茯苓。又说：是烧蜂窠所作。三种说法张茂先都不能辨别。按《南蛮地志》说：林邑多琥珀，说是松脂所化。又说：是枫脂做的，那里的人也不再知道。地中有琥珀，则旁边没有草木，入土浅的五尺，深的或许八、九尺，大的如槲树，削去皮，初如桃胶，久乃坚凝。当地人把它做枕头，然而古今相传是松类，所以附在茯苓后面。
雷公说：凡是采得后，去皮心神了，捣令细，在水盆中搅令浊，浮去的，是茯苓筋，如果误服，令人眼中瞳仁并黑睛点小，兼盲目。很记住它。圣惠方：治疗面皯及产妇黑斑如雀卵色。用白茯苓末，蜜和敷之。肘后方：姚氏治疗面皯。茯苓末白蜜和涂上，满七日即愈。经验后方：养老延年服茯苓方：华山挺子茯苓，研削如枣许大，令四方有角，安于新瓷瓶内，用好酒浸，以三重纸封其头后，一百日开，其色当如饧糖。可日食一块。百日后肌体润泽，服一年后，可夜视物，久久食之，肠化为筋，可延年耐老，面若童颜。孙真人枕中记：茯苓久服百日，百病除，二百日夜昼不眠，二年后役使鬼神，四年后玉女来侍。抱朴子：任子季服茯苓十八年，玉女从之，能隐能彰，不食谷，灸瘢灭，面生光玉泽。宋王微茯苓赞：皓苓下居，彤纷上荟，中状鸡凫，具客龟蔡，神侔少司，保延幼艾，终志不移，柔红可佩。神仙服茯苓法：白茯苓去皮，酒浸十五日，漉出为散。每服三钱，水调下，日三。
衍义说：茯苓，是樵斫讫多年松根之气所生。这大概是根的气味，噎郁未绝，所以成为这个物体。但也由于土地适宜与不适宜，其津气盛的，才发泄于外，结为盖苓，所以不抱根而成物。既离其本体，则有苓之义。茯神者，其根但有津气而不甚盛，所以只能伏结于本根。既不离其本，所以说：茯神。这个物体行水之功多，益心脾不可缺也。有人说：松既然被砍伐了，而根还能生物吗？回答说：如马勃菌、五芝、木耳、石耳之类，都生于枯木、石、粪土之上，精英未沦，怎么不为物呢。其上有菟丝，下有茯苓的说法，非常轻信。
Fuling (Poria)
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats rebellious Qi in the chest and hypochondrium, sorrow and indignation, fright and evil Qi, fear and palpitations, knotting and pain below the heart, alternating cold and heat, vexation and fullness, coughing and rebellious Qi, scorched tongue and dry mouth, promotes urination, stops thirst, drowsiness, abdominal edema with dripping sensation, phlegm-fluid retention in the diaphragm, edema and strangulation with knotting, opens the chest and fu-organs, regulates the zang-organs, and attacks the middle jiao. Long-term use calms the soul and nourishes the spirit, prevents hunger, and prolongs life. Also known as Futu. The part that embraces the root is called Fushen (Poria cum Radice).
Fushen (Poria cum Radice) Neutral in nature. It primarily wards off misfortune, treats wind vertigo and wind deficiency, five exhaustions, dry mouth, stops palpitations, excessive anger, forgetfulness, opens the mind and benefits intelligence, calms the soul and spirit, and nourishes the spirit. Grows in the valleys of Mount Tai under large pine trees. Harvested in February and August, dried in the shade. (Ma Lan [Isatis Root] serves as a guiding herb; combined with Gancao [Licorice], Fangfeng [Saposhnikovia], Shaoyao [Peony], Zizhishiyuan [Purple Quartz], and Maimendong [Ophiopogon], it collectively treats disorders of the five zang-organs. Contraindicated with Bailian [Ampelopsis]; adverse reaction with Mumeng, Diyü [Smilax], Xionghuang [Realgar], Qinjiao [Gentiana], and Guijia [Tartar Shell].) Tao Hongjing stated: According to materia medica records, there is no herb named "Majian"; perhaps it refers to "Majing" due to phonetic similarity. Currently produced in Yuzhou, local people fabricate it by grinding pine wood; the shape is often small, hollow, and reddish, which is of poor quality. Naturally formed ones are as large as three or four sheng vessels, with black outer skin, fine wrinkles, tight white interior, and shapes resembling birds, beasts, turtles, or tortoises are considered superior. For pills and powders, they must be boiled for two or three boils before slicing and sun-drying. White varieties have tonifying effects, while red varieties have diuretic effects; they are widely used in common practice. The "Immortal Classics" consider its consumption extremely important, stating it can connect with the divine and achieve spirituality, harmonize the soul and refine the魄 (corporeal soul), clarify orifices and benefit muscles, thicken intestines and open the heart, regulate Ying (Nutritive) Qi and manage the stomach, making it a top-grade immortal medicine. It is good at stopping grain intake without hunger. As a medicinal material, it does not rot or get infested by insects. Once, a piece buried by previous generations was excavated, estimated to be over thirty years old, yet its color and texture remained unchanged, proving its integrity and immutability. Those that embrace the pine root and grow opposite to it are called Fushen; this is a secondary formation結 after Fuling. Immortal formulas only mention Fuling and do not distinguish Fushen, as their therapeutic effects are similar, so using either is acceptable. Tang Ben Zhu noted: Ji Shi's Ben Cao states that Madao is the guiding herb for Fuling, and there is no herb named Majian. The character Jian (间) in cursive script resembles Dao (刀); writers who did not recognize it erroneously transcribed it as Jian. Tao Hongjing failed to understand this, claiming it was Majing, which is incorrect. Mount Tai also produces Fuling, which is white and solid but small in size, and is no longer adopted. The primary production area is Mount Hua, where the shapes are extremely large. Nan Mountain in Yongzhou also produces it, but inferior to Mount Hua. Current annotations suggest Majian should be Malin (Iris lactea); both annotations are likely incorrect. Ministers Yu Xi et al. carefully followed Shu Ben Tu Jing stating: It grows under dead pine trees; the shape and block size are indefinite, with those resembling humans, turtles, or birds being excellent. It is found wherever there are large pine trees now, with Mount Hua having the most. Fan Zi stated: Fuling comes from Songshan and the Three Fu regions. Huainanzi stated: Where there is Fuling underground, there is Cuscuta above. The annotation states: Fuling is thousand-year-old pine resin. Cuscuta grows on top of it without roots. Also known as Nuluo. Dianshu stated: Fuling is pine resin that has entered the ground for a thousand years; where pine trees appear reddish, Fuling lies beneath. Guangzhi stated: Fushen is made from pine sap and is superior to Fuling. Some say: Pine root Fuling penetrates and attaches, growing in Hanyang County of Zhuti. Yaoxing Lun stated: Fuling is a minister herb, contraindicated with rice vinegar. It can open the stomach and stop vomiting, soothe the heart spirit, treat lung abscess with phlegm obstruction, cure pediatric convulsions, treat abdominal distension and fullness, women's hot strangury, and red varieties break qi stagnation. It further states Fushen is a sovereign herb, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. It treats convulsions, calms the spirit and will, supplements exhaustion, treats urgent pain and hardness/fullness below the heart, and when the body is weak with unfavorable small intestine function, it is added to prescriptions. The center is named Huangsongjie (Yellow Pine Joint), specifically treating hemiplegia, facial paralysis, toxic wind causing tendon spasms and muteness, heart spirit fright and jerking, weakness and forgetfulness. Ri Huazi stated: Fuling supplements the five exhaustions and seven injuries, calms the fetus, warms the waist and knees, opens the mind and benefits intelligence, stops forgetfulness, and is contraindicated with sour substances.
Tu Jing stated: Fuling grows in the valleys of Mount Tai; currently found in Taihua and Songshan. It emerges from under large pines, growing attached to roots, without seedlings, leaves, flowers, or fruits. It forms blocks like fists underground, with large ones weighing several jin; those resembling human or turtle shapes are superior, with black skin and flesh that is either red or white. Some say it is transformed from multi-year pine resin flowing into the soil; others say it generates from pine qi on the original roots. The current method of collection in the East: In ancient pine forests long harvested by humans, where broken branches and withered leaves no longer grow upwards, it is called "Fuling Ba". Upon seeing it, one uses an iron-tipped cone to pierce the ground within a radius of about one zhang. If Fuling is present, the cone becomes firmly stuck and cannot be pulled out; then the soil is dug to retrieve it. Larger "Ba" yield larger Fuling. They form blocks independently and do not attach to roots. Those embracing the root and being light and hollow are Fushen. Thus, the theory of generation via borrowed qi is more plausible. Harvesting in February and August is best; all are dried in the shade. "Records of the Grand Historian: Divination of Turtles" states: Fuling lies under Cuscuta, shaped like a flying bird. After new rain, when the sky is clear and still without wind, burn the Cuscuta at night, remove it, then place a lantern cage (Gou, meaning cage) covered with fire over the spot. When the fire extinguishes, mark the location, surround it with a four-zhang square of new cloth, and dig at dawn. Digging four to seven chi deep yields the result. This method is no longer heard of today. Immortal formulas often use it alone. The method: Take five jin of white Fuling, remove black skin, pound and sieve, place in a cooked silk bag, steam over three dou of rice until rice is cooked, then stop. Sun-dry and steam again, repeating three times. Then mix with two dou of cow's milk, place in a copper vessel, simmer gently with added fat, and store. At each meal, cut with a bamboo knife and take as much as desired to feel full without hunger. If one wishes to eat, first drink mallow juice; eating freely causes no harm. Another method, Fuling Su: Take thirty jin of white Fuling; those from the sunny side of mountains are sweet and delicious, while those from the shady side are bitter. Remove skin, slice thinly, sun-dry and steam. Rinse with water to remove bitterness; continue rinsing until the liquid turns sweet. Sun-dry and sieve into powder. Mix with three shi of wine and three sheng of honey, add powder, stir in a large urn for a hundred turns, seal tightly to prevent gas leakage. Ferment for fifty days in winter or twenty-five days in summer. The substance will float up from the wine surface; skim it off. The taste is extremely sweet and delicious. Form into cakes the size of a palm, dry in the shade in an empty room until red like dates. Eat one cake when hungry, washed down with wine; one need not eat for the whole day and feels naturally full. This is called the Immortal Method of Saving the World. Another consumption method: Combine with white chrysanthemum, or cinnamon heart, or Atractylodes, forming pills or powders as desired. All can be taken regularly for superior tonification. Some say Fuling contains red fibers that damage the eyes; if taken long-term, one should first pound into powder, wash in water to clarify, remove all red residues before use. If combined with other herbs, this step is unnecessary. Any medicine containing Fuling is contraindicated with rice vinegar. Old theories state amber is transformed from thousand-year-old Fuling, also known as Jiangzhu. Zhang Maoxian stated: Currently, Yongchang in Yizhou produces amber but no Fuling. He also said it is made from burned bee hives. Zhang could not verify these three theories. According to "Nanman Dizhi": Linyi has much amber, said to be transformed from pine resin. Also said to be made from maple resin; locals no longer know the truth. Amber in the ground implies no vegetation nearby; shallow deposits are five chi deep, deep ones eight or nine chi. Large pieces are like oak; after peeling, they resemble peach gum initially, hardening over time. Locals use them as pillows. Since ancient times it has been passed down as a pine category, it is appended here.
Lei Gong stated: After harvesting, remove skin and heart/spirit, pound finely, stir in a basin of water until turbid. Discard floating material, which is Fuling Jin (Fuling fibers). If mistakenly ingested, it causes small black spots in the pupils and cornea, leading to blindness. Remember this well. Shenghui Fang: Treats facial freckles and postpartum melasma like sparrow egg shells. Use white Fuling powder mixed with honey for application. Zhouhou Fang: Yao Shi's treatment for facial discoloration. Apply Fuling powder mixed with white honey; heals completely in seven days. Jingyan Houfang: Elderly longevity Fuling prescription: Use Tizi Fuling from Mount Hua, grind and carve into cube-like pieces the size of a date, place in a new porcelain bottle, soak in good wine, seal the mouth with triple-layered paper. Open after one hundred days; the color should resemble maltose syrup. Eat one piece daily. After one hundred days, the body becomes moist and lustrous; after one year, one can see at night. Long-term consumption transforms intestines into tendons, prolongs life and delays aging, restoring a youthful complexion. Sun Simiao's Pillow Book: Long-term Fuling use eliminates hundred diseases in one hundred days; after two hundred days and nights, one sleeps neither day nor night; after two years, one commands spirits and gods; after four years, jade maidens come to serve. Baopuzi: Ren Ziji took Fuling for eighteen years; jade maidens followed him, he could become invisible or visible, ate no grain, moxa scars disappeared, and his face glowed like jade. Wang Wei of Song praised Fuling: White Fuling resides below, red clouds gather above; shaped like chickens and ducks inside, possessing the qualities of turtles and tortoises outside; spiritual power equals the Minister of Fate, preserving youth and health; unwavering in will, soft redness is commendable. Immortal Fuling method: Remove skin of white Fuling, soak in wine for fifteen days, strain and make into powder. Take three qian each time, mixed with water, three times daily.
Yanyi stated: Fuling is generated from the qi of pine roots many years after logging. This is likely the qi of the root, where stagnation has not ceased, thus forming this object. However, it also depends on whether the land is suitable or not; only when the fluid qi is abundant does it manifest externally, forming the cap-like Fuling, hence not embracing the root to form the object. Having separated from its original body, it possesses the meaning of "Ling" (spirit/efficacy). Fushen: Its root has fluid qi but not very abundant, so it can only settle and bind to the original root. Not separating from the root, it is called "Fu Shen" (Settled Spirit). This object has significant water-moving merit and cannot lack the benefit to Heart and Spleen. Some ask: If the pine is logged, can the root still generate life? Answer: Like Mabo fungus, Wu Zhi (Five Mushrooms), Mu'er (Wood Ear), Shi'er (Stone Ear), all grow on dead wood, stones, and manure; their essence has not perished, how can they not become objects? The saying "Cuscuta above, Fuling below" is overly credulous.