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味咸，寒，有毒。主胸中邪气热结痛， 僻，面肿，败漆烧之致鼠，解结散血，愈漆疮
，养筋益气。
爪 主破胞，堕胎。生伊芳、洛池泽诸水中。取无时。（杀莨菪毒、漆毒。）
陶隐居云∶蟹类甚多，蝤（音遒） （音谋）、拥剑、彭 （音越）皆是，并不入药。
唯蟹最多有
用，仙方∶以化漆为水，服之长生。以黑犬血灌之三日，烧之，诸鼠毕至。未被霜甚有毒，
云食水莨（音建）所为，人中之，不即疗多死。目相向者亦杀人，服冬瓜汁、紫苏汁及大黄
丸皆
剑，似彭 而大，似蟹而小，不可食。蔡谟初渡江，不识而啖之，
几死，叹曰∶读《尔雅》不熟，为劝学人所误。今按陈藏器本草云∶蟹脚中髓及脑并壳中
黄
芒
，长寸许，向东输海神，开腹中犹有海水。《本经》云∶伊芳、洛水中者石蟹，形段不同。其
黄敷久疽疮，无不瘥者。臣禹锡等谨按陈藏器云∶蝤 ，主小作闪痞，煮食之。大者长尺
余，两螯至强，八月能与虎斗，虎不如也。随大潮退壳，一退一长。拥剑，一名桀步。一螯
极
小，以大者斗。小者食，别无功。彭蜞有小毒，膏主湿癣疽疮，不瘥者涂之。食其肉，能令
人吐下至困。蔡谟渡江，误食者。彭 如小蟹，无毛，海人食之，别无功。孟诜云∶蟹，主
散诸热。治胃气，理经脉，消食。八月输芒后食好，未输时为长未成。就醋食之，利肢节，
去五脏中烦闷气。其物虽形状恶，食甚宜人。日华子云∶螃蟹，凉，微毒。治产后肚痛，血
不下，并酒服。筋骨折伤，生捣，炒 ，良。脚爪，破宿血，止产后血闭、肚痛，酒及醋汤
煎服，良。又云∶蝤蛑，冷，无毒。解热气，治小儿痞气。
图经曰∶蟹，生伊芳、洛池泽诸水中，今淮海、京东、河北陂泽中多有之，伊芳、洛乃反难
得也
。八足二螯，大者箱角两出，足节屈曲，行则旁横。今人以为食品之佳味，独熬独目及两目
相向者，皆有大毒，不可食。其黄能化漆为水，故涂漆疮用之。黄并肉熬末，以纳金疮中，
筋断亦可续。黄并螯烧烟，可以集鼠于庭。爪入药最多。胡洽疗孕妇僵仆，胎转上抢心困笃
，有蟹爪汤之类是也。《经》云∶取无时。俗传蟹八月一日，取稻芒两枚，长一、二寸许，
东行输送其长，故今南方∶捕得蟹，瘥早则有衔稻芒者，此后方∶可食之。以前时长未成
就，其
食之，急
以豉汁可解。阔壳而多黄者名 ，生南海中，其螯最锐，断物如芟刈焉，食之行风气。扁而
最大，后足阔者，为蝤蛑，岭南人谓之拨棹子，以后脚形如棹也。一名 。随潮退过，一退
一长。其大者如升，小者如盏盘。两螯无毛，所在异于蟹。其力至强，能与虎斗，往往虎不
能胜。主小儿闪癖，煮与食之良。一螯大，一螯小者，名拥剑，又名桀步。常以大螯斗，小
螯食物。一名执火，以其螯赤故也。其最小者名彭 （音滑），吴人语讹为彭越。《尔雅》云
∶ （音泽），小者 （力刀切）。郭璞云∶即彭 也，似蟹而小，其膏可以涂癣，食之令
人
吐下至困。彭蜞亦其类也，蔡谟渡江误食者，是此也。
食疗云∶蟹，足斑、目赤不可食，杀人。又，堪治胃气，消食。又，八月前，每个蟹腹
内有
稻谷一颗，用输海神。待输芒后，过八月方∶食即好。经霜更美，未经霜时有毒。又，盐淹
之作KT ，有气味。和酢食之，利肢节，去五脏中烦闷气。其物虽恶形容，食之甚益人。
爪，能安
杵蟹敷之亦效。又方∶金疮方，续筋多取蟹黄及脑并足中肉熬末
孙真人十二月勿食蟹，伤神。简要济众小儿解颅不合。生蟹足骨半两，焙干，白蔹半两，为
末。用乳汁和，贴骨缝上，以瘥为度。杨氏产乳∶妊娠人不得食螃蟹，令儿横生也。荀卿云
蟹，六跪而二螯，非蛇、鳝之穴，无所寄托。凡食鳝毒，可食蟹解之，鳝畏蟹。蟹，鳝类也。
类聚相解其效速于他耳。沈存中笔谈关中无螃蟹，土人恶其形状，以为怪物。秦州人家，收
得一干蟹，有病疟者，则借去悬门上，往往遂瘥。不但人不识，鬼亦不识。
衍义曰∶蟹，伊芳、洛绝少，今多自京师来，京师亦自河北置之。今河北沿边沧、瀛州等
处所
出甚多，徐州亦有，但不及河北者。小儿解颅，以螯并白芨烂捣，涂囟上，颅合。此物极动
风，体有风疾人，不可食，屡见其事。河北人取之，当八、九月蟹浪之时，直于塘泺岸上，
伺
此物每至夏末秋初，则如蝉蜕解。当日名蟹之意，必取此义。
蟹
味咸，性寒，有毒。主治胸中邪气引起的热结疼痛、身体偏侧歪斜、面部肿胀；将其烧焦可招引老鼠；能化解凝结、散除瘀血，治愈漆疮，滋养筋脉，补益元气。
爪：主治破胞（导致流产），堕胎。生于伊水、洛水及池泽等水域中。采集没有固定时间。（能杀灭莨菪毒和漆毒。）
陶隐居说：蟹的种类很多，蝤蛑（音遒）、拥剑、彭蜞（音越）都是，但都不入药。只有普通螃蟹应用最多。仙方记载：用它能使漆化为水，服用后可长生不老。用黑狗血浇灌它三天，然后烧它，所有的老鼠都会到来。未经历霜的螃蟹毒性很大，说是吃了水中的莨菪（音建）所致，人如果中了这种毒，不及时治疗大多会死亡。眼睛相对生长的螃蟹也能杀人，服用冬瓜汁、紫苏汁以及大黄丸都能解毒。
彭蜞（音滑），形状像彭蜞但较大，像螃蟹但较小，不可食用。蔡谟初渡长江时，不认识而吃了它，差点死掉，感叹道：“读《尔雅》不熟，被劝学的人误导了。”现在考证陈藏器的《本草》说：蟹脚中的髓液和脑髓以及壳中的黄，长约一寸左右，向东输送给海神，剖开腹部还有海水。《本经》说：伊水、洛水中的是石蟹，形状段落不同。其黄敷治久治不愈的疽疮，没有不好的。臣禹锡等人谨按陈藏器说：蝤蛑，主治轻微发作的闪痞，煮食它。大的长一尺多，两个螯非常强有力，八月能与老虎搏斗，老虎不如它。随着大潮退去换壳，一次退壳一次生长。拥剑，又名桀步。一个螯极小，用大的那个搏斗。小的那个食用，别无功效。彭蜞有小毒，它的膏主治湿癣疽疮，久治不愈者涂抹它。吃它的肉，能让人吐泻直到困顿。蔡谟渡江误食的正是这个。彭蜞像小螃蟹，无毛，海边人吃它，别无功效。孟诜说：螃蟹，主治发散各种热邪。调理胃气，理顺经脉，消食。八月输芒后食用为好，未输芒时为成长未完成阶段。就着醋吃，利于肢节，去除五脏中的烦闷之气。这东西虽然形状难看，但食用很宜人。日华子说：螃蟹，凉，微毒。治疗产后腹痛，血不下行，并配酒服用。筋骨骨折伤，生捣碎，炒过后使用，效果好。脚爪，破除宿血，止住产后血闭、腹痛，用酒及醋汤煎服，效果好。又说：蝤蛑，冷，无毒。解热气，治疗小儿痞气。
图经说：蟹，生于伊水、洛水及池泽等水域中，现在淮海、京东、河北的陂泽中多有出产，伊水、洛水反而难得到了。八足二螯，大的箱子角两出，足节屈曲，行走时横向移动。现在人把它作为食品的美味，单独一只眼睛或两只眼睛相对的，都有大毒，不可食用。其黄能使漆化为水，所以涂漆疮用它。黄和肉熬成末，纳入金疮中，筋断了也可以接续。黄和螯烧烟，可以聚集老鼠在庭院中。爪入药最多。胡洽治疗孕妇跌倒，胎位上抢心口导致危重，有蟹爪汤之类的方子。《经》说：采集没有固定时间。俗传蟹八月一日，取稻芒两枚，长约一、二寸左右，向东输送给海神，所以现在南方：捕得螃蟹，痊愈早则有衔着稻芒的，这之后方可食用。以前时长未成就，食用它，急用豉汁可解。阔壳且多黄的名为蝤蛑，生于南海中，它的螯最锐利，断物如割草一般，食用它能行风气。扁而最大，后足宽的，为蝤蛑，岭南人叫它拨棹子，因为后脚形状像船桨。又名蝤蛑。随潮退过，一次退壳一次生长。大的如升，小的如盏盘。两个螯无毛，所在之处不同于普通蟹。它的力量极强，能与老虎搏斗，往往老虎不能胜过它。主治小儿闪癖，煮给它吃很好。一个螯大，一个螯小的，名叫拥剑，又名桀步。常用大螯搏斗，小螯食物。又名执火，因为它的螯是红色的。最小的名叫彭蜞（音滑），吴地人口语讹传为彭越。《尔雅》说：（音泽），小的（力刀切）。郭璞说：就是彭蜞，像螃蟹但较小，它的膏可以涂癣，吃它让人吐泻直到困顿。彭蜞也是这一类，蔡谟渡江误食的，就是这个。
食疗说：蟹，脚上有斑纹、眼睛发红的不可食用，会杀人。另外，能治疗胃气，消食。另外，八月前，每个螃蟹腹内有一颗稻谷，用来输送给海神。等到输芒后，过了八月才食用好。经过霜冻的更美味，未经霜时有毒。另外，盐腌制成鲊（音甲），有气味。和醋一起吃，利于肢节，去除五脏中的烦闷之气。这东西虽然形容恶劣，但食用对人很有益处。爪，能安神。杵蟹敷之也有效。又一方：金疮方，续筋多取蟹黄及脑和足中肉熬成末。
孙真人说十二月不要食用螃蟹，伤神。简要济众方治小儿解颅不合。生蟹足骨半两，焙干，白蔹半两，研为末。用乳汁调和，贴在骨缝上，以痊愈为度。杨氏产乳书：妊娠人不得食用螃蟹，会导致胎儿横生。荀卿说：蟹，六条腿和两个螯，如果不是蛇、鳝的洞穴，无处寄托。凡是吃了鳝鱼中毒，可以吃蟹来解，鳝鱼害怕蟹。蟹，是鳝鱼一类。同类相解，其效果比其他的快。沈存中笔谈：关中地区没有螃蟹，当地人厌恶它的形状，认为是怪物。秦州人家，收得一只干蟹，有病疟疾的，就借去挂在门上，往往于是痊愈。不仅人不认识，鬼也不认识。
衍义说：蟹，伊水、洛水极少，现在多从京师来，京师也从河北购置。现在河北沿边沧、瀛州等处出产很多，徐州也有，但不如河北的好。小儿解颅，用螯和白芨烂捣，涂在囟门上，颅骨闭合。此物极易动风，体内有风疾的人，不可食用，多次见到这种情况。河北人捕捉它，当八、九月蟹浪之时，直接在塘泺岸上，等候。此物每到夏末秋初，则像蝉蜕皮一样脱壳。当日命名“蟹”的意思，必定取自此义。
Crab (Xie)
Taste: Salty. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Toxic.
Indications: Primarily treats heat accumulation and pain in the chest caused by pathogenic factors, hemiplegia or deviation of the body, and facial swelling. When calcined, it attracts mice. It resolves nodules, dissipates blood stasis, heals lacquer dermatitis, nourishes tendons, and supplements qi.
Claws: Indicated for rupturing the amniotic sac and inducing abortion. Grows in waters such as the Yi River, Luo River, ponds, and marshes. Can be harvested at any time. (Able to neutralize Datura [Lángdàng] toxicity and lacquer toxicity.)
Tao Hongjing stated: There are many types of crabs, including Scylla serrata (Yóu), fiddler crab (Yōngjiàn), and small shore crabs (Péngqí), but none are used in medicine. Only common crabs are most widely used. In immortal prescriptions: it can dissolve lacquer into water; ingesting it promotes longevity. If irrigated with black dog's blood for three days and then calcined, all mice will gather. Crabs that have not yet experienced frost are highly toxic, said to result from consuming aquatic Datura [Lángdàojian]; if humans ingest this toxin and treatment is not immediate, death often ensues. Crabs with eyes facing each other are also lethal. Ingesting winter melon juice, perilla juice, or Rhubarb Pill (Dahuang Wan) can detoxify them.
Péngqí (Huá): Resembles Péngqí but larger, resembles crab but smaller; inedible. When Cai Mo first crossed the Yangtze River, he did not recognize it and ate it, nearly dying. He sighed, saying, "My familiarity with the *Erya* was insufficient; I was misled by those who urged learning." Current research based on Chen Cangqi's *Bencao* states: The marrow and brain within the crab legs, along with the roe inside the shell, are about one cun long, and are transported eastward to the Sea God. The abdomen still contains seawater when opened. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states: Those from the Yi and Luo rivers are stone crabs, differing in shape and segments. Their roe applied externally heals chronic carbuncles and sores without exception. Ministers Yuxi et al., according to Chen Cangqi, state: Scylla serrata (Yóumóu) primarily treats mild cases of abdominal distension and masses; boiling and eating it is effective. Large ones are over a chi long, with two powerful chelae capable of fighting tigers in August, defeating them. They molt with the high tide retreat, growing once after each molt. Fiddler crab (Yōngjiàn), also known as Jiébù, has one extremely small claw and fights using the large one. Eating the small one yields no special efficacy. Small shore crabs (Péngqí) have slight toxicity; their paste treats wet tinea and carbuncles that do not heal when applied topically. Consuming its meat causes vomiting and diarrhea leading to exhaustion. This is what Cai Mo mistakenly ate when crossing the river. Small shore crabs resemble small crabs, lack hair, and are eaten by coastal people but offer no special efficacy. Meng Shen stated: Crab primarily disperses various heat pathogens. It regulates stomach qi, smooths meridians, and aids digestion. Eating after the "shooting of rice awns" in August is good; before that, they are immature. Eating with vinegar benefits the joints and removes stagnation and irritability in the five zang organs. Although unappealing in appearance, it is pleasant to eat. Ri Huazi stated: Crab is cool and slightly toxic. It treats postpartum abdominal pain and lochia retention when taken with wine. For tendon rupture and bone fractures, raw crushed crab, stir-fried, is effective. Claws break old blood stasis, stop postpartum blood obstruction and abdominal pain; decocted with wine and vinegar water, they are effective. Additionally: Scylla serrata (Yóumóu) is cold and non-toxic. It clears heat and treats pediatric abdominal masses.
Tu Jing stated: Crab grows in waters such as the Yi River, Luo River, ponds, and marshes. Currently, there are many in Huaihai, Jingdong, and the marshes of Hebei, while those from Yi and Luo are rare. They have eight legs and two chelae. Large ones have box-like horns protruding from both sides; leg joints are curved, and they walk sideways. Now considered a delicacy, single-eyed crabs or those with eyes facing each other possess great toxicity and are inedible. Their roe dissolves lacquer, hence used for lacquer dermatitis. Roe and meat calcined to powder, inserted into traumatic wounds, can reconnect severed tendons. Calcining roe and chelae produces smoke that attracts mice to the courtyard. Claws are most commonly used in medicine. Hu Qia's prescription for pregnant women who fall, causing the fetus to shift upward and compress the heart leading to critical condition, includes Crab Claw Decoction (Xièzhǎo Tāng). The Classics state: Harvest at any time. Folk tradition says on the first day of the eighth lunar month, two rice awns, about one to two cun long, are transported eastward to the Sea God. Thus, in the South today: caught crabs may carry rice awns if harvested early; only after this period are they edible. Before this time, they are immature; if eaten, quickly resolving with soybean paste juice. Wide-shelled crabs with abundant roe are named Scylla serrata (Yóumóu), living in the South China Sea. Their chelae are sharpest, cutting objects like grass; eating them promotes the movement of wind qi. Flat and largest, with broad hind legs, are Scylla serrata (Yóumóu), called "Bozhouzi" (Oar Sub) in Lingnan due to the oar-like shape of their hind legs. Also named Scylla serrata (Yóumóu). They molt with the tide retreat, growing once after each molt. Large ones are the size of a sheng, small ones the size of a cup or plate. Two chelae lack hair, differing from common crabs in location. Their strength is immense, capable of fighting tigers, often winning. They treat pediatric abdominal masses; boiling and feeding them is good. One large chela and one small chela are named Fiddler Crab (Yōngjiàn), also Jiébù. They fight with the large chela and eat with the small one. Also named Zhihuò (Holding Fire) because their chelae are red. The smallest is named Small Shore Crab (Péngqí, Huá), mispronounced as Péngyuè in Wu dialect. The *Erya* states: (Zé), small ones (Lìdāo qiē). Guo Pu stated: This is Small Shore Crab (Péngqí), resembling a crab but smaller; its paste treats tinea, and eating it causes vomiting and diarrhea leading to exhaustion. Small shore crabs (Péngqí) are of the same category; this is what Cai Mo mistakenly ate.
Shiliao stated: Crabs with spotted legs and red eyes are inedible and lethal. Furthermore, they treat stomach qi and aid digestion. Before August, each crab contains one grain of rice in its abdomen, transported to the Sea God. After the awn-shooting period and past August, they are good to eat. Those exposed to frost are even more delicious; unexposed ones are toxic. Furthermore, salted and pickled as 'zha' (fermented fish/crab paste), they have an aroma. Eaten with vinegar, they benefit joints and remove stagnation and irritability in the five zang organs. Though ugly in appearance, they are beneficial to eat. Claws calm the spirit. Applying crushed crab is also effective. Another formula for traumatic wounds to reconnect tendons often uses calcined powder of crab roe, brain, and leg meat.
Sun Simiao stated: Do not eat crab in the twelfth month as it damages the spirit. Jianyao Jizhong treats infant cranial fontanelle non-closure. Raw crab foot bones (ban liang), dried, white peony root (Bailian, ban liang), powdered. Mixed with breast milk, applied to the suture line until healed. Yang Shi Chanru: Pregnant women must not eat crab as it causes transverse presentation. Xun Zi stated: Crab has six legs and two chelae; without snake or eel burrows, it has nowhere to rest. Any eel poisoning can be resolved by eating crab, as eels fear crabs. Crab is related to eels. Mutual resolution among similar species acts faster than others. Shen Kuo's Bitan states: No crabs in Guanzhong; locals dislike their shape, considering them monsters. A household in Qinzhou kept a dried crab; a person with malaria borrowed it to hang on the door, often recovering. Not only humans do not recognize it, ghosts do not either.
Yanyi stated: Crabs are rare in Yi and Luo rivers; now mostly come from the capital, which purchases from Hebei. Hebei border areas like Cang and Ying prefectures produce many; Xuzhou also has some, but inferior to Hebei's. Infant cranial fontanelle non-closure: crush chelae and Bletilla striata (Baiji), apply to the fontanelle to close the skull. This substance easily agitates wind; those with wind diseases should not eat it; this has been observed repeatedly. People in Hebei catch them during the "crab wave" in August and September, directly on the banks of ponds and lakes, waiting. This creature molts like a cicada at the end of summer and beginning of autumn. The naming of "crab" likely derives from this meaning.