\r龙脑香及膏香\pd327.bmp\r
味辛、苦，微寒（一云温）、平，无毒。主心腹邪气，风湿积聚，耳聋，明目，去日赤
肤翳。出婆律国。形似白松脂，作杉木气，明净者善。久经风日或如雀屎者不佳。
云合糯（一作粳）米炭、相思子贮之则不耗。膏主耳聋。
唐本注云∶树形似杉木。言婆律膏，是树根下清脂。龙脑，是根中干脂。子似豆蔻，皮
有错甲，香似龙脑。味辛。尤下恶气，消食散胀满，香人口。旧云出婆律国。药以国为名，
即杉脂也。江南有杉木，未经试。或方土无脂，犹甘蕉无实。（唐本先附）臣禹锡等谨按段
成
式酉阳杂俎云∶龙脑香树，出婆利国，呼为个不婆律，亦出波斯国。树高八丈，大可六、七
围，叶圆而背白，无花实。其树有肥有瘦，瘦者出龙脑香，肥者出婆律膏。香在木心中。波
斯断其树剪取之，其膏于树端流出，斫树作坎而承之。入药用有别法。南海药谱云∶龙脑油，
性温，味苦。本出佛誓国。此油从树所取，摩一切风。陈藏器云∶相思子，平，有小毒。通
九窍，治心腹气，令人香，止热闷，头痛，风痰，杀腹脏及皮肤内一切虫。又主蛊毒，取二
七枚末服，当吐出。生岭南。树高丈余，子赤黑间者佳。
图经曰∶龙脑香，出婆律国，今唯南海番舶贾客货之。相传云∶其木高七、八丈，大可
六、七围，如积年杉木状，旁生枝，叶正圆而背白，结实如豆蔻，皮有甲错，香即木中脂。
似白松脂，作杉木气。膏乃根下清液耳，亦谓之婆律膏。段成式《酉阳杂俎》说∶此木
有肥瘦，瘦者出龙脑香，其香在木心。波斯断其木剪取之。肥者出婆律膏，其膏于木端
流出，斫木作坎而承之。两说大同而小异。亦云南海山中亦有此木，唐天宝中交趾贡龙
脑，皆如蝉、蚕之形。彼人云∶老根节方有之，然极难得。时禁中呼为瑞龙脑，
带之衣衿，香闻十余步外，是后不闻有此。今海南龙脑，多用火 成片，其中亦
容杂伪。入药唯贵生者，状若梅花瓣，甚佳也。
海药∶谨按陶弘景云∶生西海律国，是波津树中脂也。如白胶香状。味苦、辛，微温，
无毒。主内外障眼，三虫，治五痔，明目，镇心，秘精。又有苍龙脑，主风疮 ，入膏煎
良。
用点眼则有伤。《名医别录》云∶妇人难产，取龙脑研末少许，以新汲水调服，立瘥。又唐
太宗时，西海律国贡龙脑香，是知彼处出耳。经验方∶治急中风，目瞑牙噤，无门下药者。
以中指点散子揩齿三、二十，揩大牙左右，其口自开。始得下药，龙脑、天南星等分为末，
乳钵内研，自五月五日午时合出者，只用一字至半钱，名开关散。经验后方∶治时疾，发豌
豆疮及赤疮子未透，心烦狂躁，气喘妄语，或见鬼神，龙脑一钱，细研，旋滴猪心血，和丸
如鸡头肉大。每服一丸，紫草汤下，少时心神便定得睡，疮复发透，根据常将息取安。
衍义曰∶龙脑条中，与《图经》所说各未尽。此物大通利关膈热塞，其清香为百药之先，
大人、小儿风涎闭壅及暴得惊热，甚济用。然非常服之药，独行则势弱，佐使则有功，于茶
亦相宜，多则掩茶气味，万物中香无出其右者。西主抹罗短吒国，在南印度境，有羯布罗香。
干
盖西方亦有。
味辛、苦，微寒（一说为温性）、平，无毒。主治心腹部的邪气，风湿引起的积聚，耳聋，明目，去除眼睛红赤和角膜翳障。产于婆律国。形状像白松脂，有杉木的气味，透明洁净的品质好。长期暴露在风雨日光下或变成像麻雀粪便形状的就不好了。据说用糯米炭（一作粳米炭）和相思子储存它就不会损耗。膏主要用于治疗耳聋。
《唐本草》注解说：树形像杉木。所说的婆律膏，是树根下的清脂。龙脑，是树干中的干脂。果实像豆蔻，皮有裂纹，香气像龙脑。味道辛。尤其能降下恶气，消食散胀满，香气入口。旧说产于婆律国。药物以国家命名，就是杉脂。江南有杉木，未经过试用。或者当地没有这种脂，就像甘蕉不结果实一样。（《唐本草》先附于此）臣禹锡等人谨按段成式《酉阳杂俎》记载：龙脑香树，产于婆利国，称为个不婆律，也产于波斯国。树高八丈，粗大六、七围，叶子圆而背面白色，无花无果实。这棵树有肥瘦之分，瘦的出龙脑香，肥的出婆律膏。香在木心中。波斯人砍断树木剪取之，膏从树端流出，砍树挖坑来承接。入药使用有别的方法。《南海药谱》记载：龙脑油，性温，味苦。本出自佛誓国。这种油从树上取得，摩擦治疗各种风病。陈藏器说：相思子，平性，有小毒。通九窍，治疗心腹气滞，使人身体芳香，止热闷、头痛、风痰，杀死腹脏及皮肤内一切虫。又主治蛊毒，取十四枚研末服用，应当吐出。生长在岭南。树高一丈多，果实赤黑相间的为好。
《图经》说：龙脑香，产于婆律国，现在只有南海来的外国商人贩卖。相传说：那棵树高七八丈，粗大六、七围，像多年的杉木样子，旁边生出枝条，叶子正圆而背面白色，结的果实像豆蔻，皮有鳞片状裂纹，香就是木中的脂。像白松脂，有杉木气味。膏则是根下的清液罢了，也称为婆律膏。段成式《酉阳杂俎》说：这棵树有肥瘦之分，瘦的出龙脑香，其香在木心。波斯人砍断树木剪取之。肥的出婆律膏，其膏从木端流出，砍木挖坑来承接。两种说法大体相同略有差异。也说南海山中也有这种树，唐天宝年间交趾进贡龙脑，都像蝉、蚕的形状。那里的人说：老树节上才有，然而极难得到。当时宫中称为瑞龙脑，佩戴在身上衣襟间，香气能闻到十余步外，此后就没再听说有此物了。现在的海南龙脑，多用火烤成片，其中也容许掺杂伪劣品。入药只重视生的，形状像梅花瓣的，非常好。
海药：谨按陶弘景说：产于西海律国，是波津树中的脂。像白胶香的样子。味苦、辛，微温，无毒。主治内外障眼病，三虫，治疗五痔，明目，镇心，固精。又有苍龙脑，主治风疮，加入膏剂煎煮效果好。
用于点眼则有损伤。《名医别录》说：妇人难产，取龙脑研成细末少许，用新汲水调服，立即痊愈。又唐太宗时，西海律国进贡龙脑香，由此可知那里出产。经验方：治疗急中风，闭目咬牙，无法给药者。用中指蘸散子擦拭牙齿三、二十次，擦拭大牙左右，口自然张开。才能给药，龙脑、天南星等分为末，在乳钵内研磨，从五月五日午时合制出来的，只用一字至半钱，名为开关散。经验后方：治疗时行疾病，发豌豆疮及赤疮子未透发，心烦狂躁，气喘胡言乱语，或见鬼神，龙脑一钱，细研，随时滴入猪心血，和丸如鸡头肉大小。每次服用一丸，紫草汤送下，不久心神安定得以入睡，疮疹重新透发，照常调养以求安康。
衍义说：龙脑条中，与《图经》所说各有未尽之处。此物大通利关膈热塞，其清香为百药之首，大人、小儿风涎闭塞壅阻及突然得的惊热，非常有用。然而不是常服的药物，单独使用则效力弱，配合佐使药则有功效，于茶也相适宜，多了则掩盖茶的气味，万物中香气没有超过它的。西方主抹罗短吒国，在南印度境内，有羯布罗香。干燥后大概西方也有。
Longnao Xiang and Gaoliang (Borneol and Balm)
Pungent, bitter, slightly cold (some say warm), neutral, non-toxic. Primarily treats evil qi in the heart and abdomen, accumulations caused by wind-dampness, deafness, brightens the eyes, removes redness of the eyes and corneal opacity. Originates from Bolu Guo (Country of Borneol). The shape resembles white pine resin, has the odor of fir wood; those that are clear and pure are superior. Those exposed to wind and sun for a long time or resembling sparrow droppings are inferior. It is said that storing it with glutinous rice charcoal (or japonica rice charcoal) and *Abrus precatorius* seeds prevents loss. The balm primarily treats deafness.
*Tang Bencao* commentary states: The tree resembles a fir. The so-called Bolin Gao (Balm) is the clear resin from under the tree roots. Longnao (Borneol) is the dry resin from the trunk. The fruit resembles cardamom, the skin has cracked scales, and the fragrance resembles borneol. The taste is pungent. It particularly descends foul qi, dissipates food stagnation and fullness, and the fragrance enters the mouth. Old texts state it originates from Bolu Guo. The drug is named after the country, which is fir resin. There are firs in Jiangnan, but they have not been tested. Or if the local area lacks this resin, it is like banana trees bearing no fruit. (*Tang Bencao* attached earlier). Minister Yuxi et al. carefully note Duan Chengshi's *Youyang Zazu*: Longnao Xiang trees originate from Poli Guo, called Gebu Bolu, and also originate from Persia. The tree is eight zhang high, six or seven wei in circumference, leaves are round and white on the back, without flowers or fruits. The tree has fat and lean varieties; the lean ones produce Longnao Xiang, the fat ones produce Bolin Gao. The fragrance is in the heart of the wood. Persians cut down the tree to harvest it; the balm flows from the top of the tree, and they chop the tree to make a pit to catch it. There are different methods for medicinal use. *Nanhai Yupu* records: Longnao You (Borneol Oil), nature warm, taste bitter. Originally from Foshi Guo. This oil is taken from the tree and rubbed to treat all kinds of wind diseases. Chen Cangqi says: *Abrus precatorius* (Xiangsi Zi), neutral, slightly toxic. Opens the nine orifices, treats heart and abdominal qi stagnation, makes one fragrant, stops heat oppression, headache, wind-phlegm, kills all parasites in the viscera and skin. Also treats gu poison. Take fourteen seeds, grind into powder, and ingest; one should vomit. Grows in Lingnan. The tree is over one zhang high; fruits that are red and black mixed are best.
*Tujing* states: Longnao Xiang originates from Bolu Guo; now only foreign merchants from the South Sea sell it. Legend says: The tree is seven or eight zhang high, six or seven wei in circumference, resembling aged fir wood, with branches growing from the sides, leaves perfectly round and white on the back, bearing fruits like cardamom, skin with scale-like cracks, and the fragrance is the resin in the wood. It resembles white pine resin and has the odor of fir. The balm is merely the clear fluid from the roots, also called Bolin Gao. Duan Chengshi's *Youyang Zazu* says: This tree has fat and lean varieties; the lean ones produce Longnao Xiang, located in the heart of the wood. Persians cut the wood to harvest it. The fat ones produce Bolin Gao, which flows from the end of the wood, caught by chopping the wood to make a pit. The two accounts are largely similar with minor differences. It is also said that this tree exists in the mountains of the South Sea. During the Tianbao era of Tang, Jiaozhi presented Longnao, shaped like cicadas or silkworms. Locals said it only appears on old root joints, yet it is extremely rare. At that time, it was called Ruilongnao (Auspicious Dragon Borneol) in the palace; wearing it on one's lapel allowed the fragrance to be smelled from more than ten paces away. Afterward, such items were no longer heard of. Current Longnao from Hainan is often heated into pieces, allowing for adulteration. For medicinal use, raw material is valued; shapes resembling plum blossom petals are excellent.
Haiyao: Carefully noting Tao Hongjing: Grows in Xihai Lvy Guo, it is the resin from the Bojin tree. Resembles white glue incense. Taste bitter, pungent, slightly warm, non-toxic. Treats internal and external eye obstructions, three types of worms, treats five types of hemorrhoids, brightens the eyes, calms the heart, secures essence. There is also Canglingnao, treating wind sores; good when added to balm preparations.
Using it to drop in the eyes causes injury. *Mingyi Bielu* states: For difficult childbirth, take a small amount of ground Longnao, mix with fresh well water, and ingest; recovery is immediate. Also, during Emperor Taizong of Tang's reign, Xihai Lvy Guo presented Longnao Xiang, indicating its origin there. Empirical Formula: Treating acute wind-stroke, where the patient closes their eyes and clenches their teeth, making administration impossible. Use the middle finger to rub Sanzi powder on the teeth thirty to twenty times, rubbing around the large molars, until the mouth opens naturally. Then administer medicine. Grind Longnao and *Arisaema cum Bile* (Tiannanxing) in equal parts into powder, grind in a mortar. Prepared from the mixture made at noon on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. Use only one zi to half qian, named Kaiguan San (Opening the Switch Powder). Empirical Later Formula: Treating epidemic diseases, eruptive fevers like smallpox/chickenpox not yet fully erupted, mental restlessness, mania, panting, delirium, or seeing ghosts. Take one qian of Longnao, finely grind, and gradually add pig heart blood to form pills the size of a chinaberry seed. Take one pill per dose, washed down with Zicao Tang (Arnebia Decoction). Soon the mind settles and sleep is achieved, the rash re-erupts, and one recovers with proper care.
Yanyi states: The section on Longnao does not fully cover what is said in *Tujing*. This substance greatly unblocks heat obstruction in the diaphragm and chest. Its clear fragrance is the foremost among all medicines. It is very useful for adults and children suffering from wind-phlegm blockage or sudden fright-heat. However, it is not a drug for daily consumption. Used alone, its power is weak; used as an assistant herb, it achieves merit. It is also suitable for tea, though too much masks the tea's flavor. Among all fragrances, none surpasses it. The western region includes Moluoduancha Guo, within the borders of Southern India, where Jiaboluo Xiang (Gaiapetalum storax) grows. Dried, it is likely present in the West as well.