体象 微脉极细，而又极软；似有若无，欲绝非绝。
主病 微脉模糊，气血大衰。左寸惊怯，右寸气促。左关
寒挛，右关胃冷。左尺得微，髓绝精枯。右尺得微，阳衰命绝。
【按】微之为言，若有若无也。其象极细极软，古人以尘与微并称，便可想见其细软之极矣。张仲景
曰∶“瞥瞥如羹上肥”，状其软而无力也。“萦萦如蛛丝”，状其细而难见也。所以古人有言曰∶“似有
若无，欲绝非绝。”惟斯八字，可为微脉传神。若诊者心神浮越，未能虚静，而
卒然持之，竟不得而见也。世俗未察微脉之义，每见脉之细者，辄以微
细并称，是何其言之不审耶！轻按之而如无，故曰阳气衰；重按之而欲绝，故曰阴气竭。长病得之，多不可
救者，谓正气将次灭绝也。卒病得之，犹或可生者，谓邪气不至深重也。李时珍曰∶“微主久虚血弱之病，
阳微则恶寒，阴微则发热，自非峻补，难可回春。”高阳生曰∶“虚中日久
为崩带，漏下多时骨亦枯”，尚未足以概微之主病也。
算数者以十微为一忽，十忽为一丝，十丝为一毫，十毫为一厘。
由是推之，则一厘之少，分而为万，方始名微，则微之渺小难见，盖可知矣。
体象 细直而软，累累萦萦；状如丝线，较显于微。
主病 细主气衰，诸虚劳损。细居左寸，怔忡不寐。细在
右寸，呕吐气怯。细入左关，肝阴枯竭。细入右关，胃虚胀满。左尺若细，泄痢遗精。右尺若细，下元冷惫。
【按】细之为义，小也，细也，状如丝也。微脉则模糊而难见，细脉则显明而易见，故细比于微稍稍
较大也。伪诀乃云“极细”，则是微脉而非细脉矣。王启玄曰∶“状如莠蓬”，善摩其柔细之态也。王叔和《
脉经》云∶“细为血少气衰，有此症则顺，无此症则逆。”故吐利失血，得沉细者生。忧劳过度之人，脉亦多
细，为自戕其气血也。春夏之令，少壮之人，俱忌细脉，谓其不与时合，不与形合也。秋冬之际，老弱之人，
不在禁忌之例。
大抵细脉、微脉，俱为阳气衰残之候。《内经》曰∶“气主煦之”，非行温补，何以复其散失之元乎！尝
见虚损之人，脉已细而身常热，医者不究其元，而以凉剂投之，何异于恶醉而强酒？遂使真阳散败，饮食不进，
上呕下泄，是速之使毙耳。《素问》曰∶“壮火食气，少火生气。”人非少火，无以营运三焦，熟腐水谷。未
彻乎此者，安足以操司命之权哉！然虚劳之脉，细数不可并见，并见者必死。细则气衰，数则血败，气血交穷，短
期将至，虽和缓投治，亦无回生之日矣。
【体象】微脉极其细小，又极其柔软；感觉似有似无，想要断绝却又未完全断绝。
【主病】微脉形象模糊，提示气血严重衰退。左寸部出现微脉，主惊恐胆怯；右寸部出现微脉，主气短急促。左关部出现微脉，主寒邪引起的筋脉拘挛；右关部出现微脉，主胃中寒冷。左尺部出现微脉，主骨髓枯竭、精气耗尽。右尺部出现微脉，主阳气衰败、生命垂危。
【按语】“微”这个字的意思，就是似有似无。它的形象极其细小且柔软，古人将“尘”与“微”并列称呼，就可以想象到它细软到了极点。张仲景说：“像羹汤表面漂浮的油脂一样轻浮”，这是形容其柔软而无力的样子。“像蜘蛛丝一样缠绕细微”，这是形容其细小而难以看见的样子。所以古人有句话说：“似有若无，欲绝非绝。”只有这八个字，才能生动地描绘出微脉的神韵。如果诊脉者心神浮躁，不能做到虚静，突然去切脉，竟然无法诊察出来。世俗之人没有探究微脉的真义，每每见到脉象细小的，就随意将“微”和“细”并称，这是说话不严谨啊！轻取（轻按）时感觉好像没有，所以说这是阳气衰微；重取（重按）时感觉快要断绝，所以说这是阴气竭尽。久病之人出现这种脉象，大多不可救治，这是因为正气即将灭绝。突发急病之人出现这种脉象，或许还有生机，这是因为邪气尚不深重。李时珍说：“微脉主要主久病体虚、血弱之证，阳气微则怕冷，阴气微则发热，如果不是用峻猛的补药，很难使病情好转恢复健康。”高阳生说：“虚损日久会导致崩漏带下，漏下时间过长骨骼也会枯槁”，这些还不足以概括微脉所主的所有病症。
计算长度的人以十个“微”等于一个“忽”，十个“忽”等于一根“丝”，十根“丝”等于一“毫”，十“毫”等于一“厘”。由此推算，那么一厘的一小部分，再分为一万份，才称为“微”，那么“微”的渺小难见，大概就可以知道了。
【体象】细脉直而柔软，连绵不断；形状像丝线，比微脉更加明显。
【主病】细脉主气衰，以及各种虚损劳伤。细脉出现在左寸部，主心悸怔忡、失眠。细脉出现在右寸部，主呕吐、气怯。细脉出现在左关部，主肝阴枯竭。细脉出现在右关部，主胃虚胀满。左尺部若见细脉，主泄泻痢疾、遗精。右尺部若见细脉，主下元（肾与命门）寒冷疲惫。
【按语】“细”的含义，就是小，就是细，形状像丝线。微脉模糊而难以看见，细脉显明而容易看见，所以细脉比微脉稍微大一点。伪诀却说“极细”，那描述的就是微脉而不是细脉了。王启玄说：“形状像莠蓬草”，善于描摹其柔细的状态。王叔和在《脉经》中说：“细脉主血少气衰，有此症状则脉症相符为顺，无此症状则为逆。”所以吐利失血的患者，如果出现沉细脉，尚有生机。忧思劳累过度的人，脉象也多细，这是因为自我耗伤了气血。春夏季节，年轻力壮的人，都忌讳出现细脉，说是因为这与时令不合，也与体质不符。秋冬之际，年老体弱的人，不在禁忌之列。
大体上，细脉和微脉，都是阳气衰残的征候。《内经》说：“气具有温煦的作用”，如果不进行温补治疗，怎么能恢复其散失的原气呢！我曾经见过虚损的病人，脉象已经细弱但身体常常发热，医生不探究其根本原因，反而投以凉剂，这跟厌恶醉酒却强行劝酒有什么区别？结果导致真阳散败，饮食不进，上吐下泻，这是加速病人死亡罢了。《素问》说：“壮火消耗人气，少火滋生人气。”人如果没有少火的温煦，就无法营运三焦，腐熟水谷。没有透彻理解这一点的人，怎么足以掌握救死扶生的权柄呢！然而虚劳病的脉象，细脉和数脉不可同时出现，如果同时出现，必然死亡。细脉表示气衰，数脉表示血败，气血双双穷竭，寿命将尽，即使是华佗、扁鹊再生来治疗，也没有起死回生的日子了。
[Body and Image] The Micro Pulse (Wei Mai, 微脉) is extremely fine and extremely soft; it seems to exist yet not exist, appearing as if about to cease but not actually ceasing.
[Indicated Diseases] The blurred image of the Micro Pulse indicates a severe depletion of Qi and Blood. If found at the Left Cun position, it indicates fright and timidity; if found at the Right Cun position, it indicates shortness of breath. If found at the Left Guan position, it indicates cold-induced spasms; if found at the Right Guan position, it indicates cold in the Stomach. If found at the Left Chi position, it indicates exhaustion of marrow and essence; if found at the Right Chi position, it indicates failure of Yang Qi and life-threatening condition.
[Commentary] The term "Micro" implies seeming to exist yet not existing. Its image is extremely fine and soft. Since ancient people paired "dust" with "micro," one can imagine its extreme fineness and softness. Zhang Zhongjing said, "Like floating fat on soup broth," describing its softness and lack of strength. "Like a spider's silk," describing its fineness and difficulty to see. Therefore, the ancients said, "Seeming to exist yet not existing, appearing as if about to cease but not actually ceasing." These eight characters best capture the spirit of the Micro Pulse. If the practitioner's mind is restless and fails to achieve emptiness and stillness, and suddenly takes the pulse, it may be impossible to detect. Laypeople, failing to understand the true meaning of the Micro Pulse, often conflate "Micro" and "Fine" whenever they see a fine pulse, which is imprecise language. Light pressure reveals it as non-existent, hence indicating decline of Yang Qi; heavy pressure reveals it as nearly ceasing, hence indicating exhaustion of Yin Qi. In chronic diseases, this pulse is mostly incurable, signifying that Zheng Qi (Upright Qi) is about to perish. In acute diseases, survival is still possible, signifying that pathogenic factors are not yet deep or severe. Li Shizhen said: "The Micro Pulse primarily indicates diseases of long-standing deficiency and weak blood. Yang Micro leads to aversion to cold; Yin Micro leads to fever. Without vigorous tonification, recovery is difficult." Gao Yangsheng said: "Long-standing deficiency leads to metrorrhagia and leukorrhea; prolonged leakage causes bones to wither." This is insufficient to generalize all diseases indicated by the Micro Pulse.
In measurement, ten "Micros" equal one "Hu"; ten "Hus" equal one "Si" (thread); ten "Sis" equal one "Hao"; ten "Haos" equal one "Li". By deduction, when one "Li" is divided into ten thousand parts, only then is it called "Micro." Thus, the minuteness and invisibility of the Micro Pulse can be understood.
[Body and Image] The Fine Pulse (Xi Mai, 细脉) is straight, soft, and continuous; its shape resembles a thread, being more distinct than the Micro Pulse.
[Indicated Diseases] The Fine Pulse indicates Qi deficiency and various consumptive disorders. If located at the Left Cun, it indicates palpitations and insomnia. If located at the Right Cun, it indicates vomiting and timidity. If entering the Left Guan, it indicates exhaustion of Liver Yin. If entering the Right Guan, it indicates Stomach deficiency and distension. If at the Left Chi, it indicates diarrhea, dysentery, and spermatorrhea. If at the Right Chi, it indicates coldness and fatigue of the Lower Yuan (Kidney and Mingmen).
[Commentary] The meaning of "Fine" is small, thin, and resembling a thread. The Micro Pulse is blurred and hard to see, whereas the Fine Pulse is distinct and easy to see; thus, the Fine Pulse is slightly larger than the Micro Pulse. Apocryphal texts claim it is "extremely fine," which describes the Micro Pulse, not the Fine Pulse. Wang Xuanyuan said: "Resembling weed fluff," skillfully depicting its soft and fine state. Wang Shuhe's *Mai Jing* states: "The Fine Pulse indicates little blood and declining Qi. With these symptoms, the pulse matches the disease (Shun/Smooth); without these symptoms, it does not match (Ni/Opposing)." Therefore, patients with vomiting, diarrhea, or blood loss who present with a Deep-Fine pulse have a chance of survival. People who overwork and worry often have Fine pulses because they have damaged their own Qi and Blood. During Spring and Summer, young and strong people should not exhibit a Fine pulse, as it contradicts the season and their constitution. In Autumn and Winter, old and weak people are exempt from this prohibition.
Generally, both the Fine and Micro Pulses are signs of residual Yang Qi decline. The *Nei Jing* says: "Qi provides warmth." Without warm-tonifying treatment, how can the scattered original Qi be restored? I have seen patients with consumption whose pulses were Fine yet whose bodies were constantly hot. Physicians, failing to investigate the root cause, administered cooling agents. What difference is there between hating drunkenness and forcing wine? This causes the True Yang to scatter and fail, leading to anorexia, upper vomiting, and lower diarrhea, thereby hastening death. The *Su Wen* says: "Excessive Fire consumes Qi; Moderate Fire generates Qi." Without Moderate Fire, humans cannot circulate the San Jiao (Triple Burner) or ripen and transform food and water. Those who do not thoroughly understand this cannot wield the authority of life and death. However, in consumptive diseases, the Fine and Rapid pulses must not appear together; if they do, death is certain. Fine indicates Qi decline; Rapid indicates Blood deterioration. When Qi and Blood are both exhausted, the lifespan is short. Even if Huan Bian (metaphor for skilled physicians like Hua Tuo and Bian Que) were to treat it, there would be no day of revival.