体象 濡脉细软，见于浮分；举之乃见，按之即空。
主病 濡主阴虚，髓绝精伤。左寸见濡，健忘惊悸。右寸见濡，腠虚自汗。左关逢之，血不营筋。
右关逢之，脾虚湿侵。左尺得濡，精血枯损。右尺得之，火败命乖。
【按】濡之为名，即软之义也。必在浮候见其细软；若中候沉候，不可得而见也。王叔和比之帛浮水面，
李时珍比之水上浮沤，皆曲状其随手而没之象也。《脉经》言“轻手相得，按之无有”，伪诀反言“按之似
有举还无”，悖戾一至此耶！且按之则似有，举之则全无，是弱脉而非濡脉矣。濡脉之浮软，与虚脉相类；但
虚脉形大，而濡脉形小也。濡脉之细小，与弱脉相类；但弱在沉分，而濡在浮分也。濡脉之无根，与散脉相
类；但散脉从浮大而渐至于沉绝，濡脉从浮小而渐至于不见也。从大而至无者，为全凶之象；从小而之无
者，为吉凶相半也。
浮主气分，浮举之而可得，气犹未败。沉主血分，沉按之而全无，血已伤残。在久病老年之人见之，尚
未至于命绝，为其脉与症合也。若平人及少壮及暴病见之，名为无根之脉，去死不远矣。
体象 弱脉细小，见于沉分；举之则无，按之乃得。
主病 弱为阳陷，真气衰弱。左寸心虚，惊悸健忘。右寸肺虚，自汗短气。左关木枯，必苦挛急。
右关土寒，水谷之 。左尺弱形，涸流可征，右尺若见，阳陷可验。
【按】弱之为义，沉而细小之候也。叔和《脉经》云∶“弱脉极软而沉细，按之乃得，举手无有”，何
其彰明详尽也。伪诀乃借叔和之名以欺世者，而反以弱脉为轻手乃得，是明与叔和相戾；且是濡脉之形，而非弱
脉之象矣。因知高阳生误以濡脉为弱，弱脉为濡，不意欲立言之人，而不加考据乃尔耶！即黎氏浮沤之喻，
亦误以濡脉为弱脉矣。夫浮以候
阳，阳主气分；浮取之而如无，则阳气衰微，确然可据。夫阳气者，所以卫外而为固者也，亦所以营运三焦，
熟腐五谷者也。弱脉呈形，而阴霾已极，自非见 ，而阳何以复耶！《素问》曰∶“脉弱以滑，是有胃气。
脉弱以涩，是为久病。”愚谓弱堪重按，阴犹未绝，若兼涩象，则气血交败，生理灭绝矣。仲景云∶“阳陷
入阴，当恶寒发热。久病及衰年见之，犹可维援。新病及少壮得之，必死安待。”柳氏曰∶“气虚则脉弱。寸
弱阳虚，尺弱阴虚，关弱胃虚。”
【体象】濡脉的脉体细软，出现在浮取部位；手指轻举即可触及，重按则感觉空虚无物。
【主病】濡脉主要主阴虚证，以及髓海枯竭、精血损伤之证。左寸部出现濡脉，提示健忘、惊悸；右寸部出现濡脉，提示腠理不固、自汗。左关部遇到濡脉，提示血液不能濡养筋脉。右关部遇到濡脉，提示脾虚且受湿邪侵袭。左尺部诊得濡脉，提示精血枯损。右尺部诊得此脉，提示命门火衰、生命垂危。
【按语】“濡”这个名称，意思就是“软”。必须在浮候（轻取）时见到其细软之象；如果在中候（中取）和沉候（重取），就不可得见了。王叔和将其比作漂浮在水面上的丝帛，李时珍将其比作水面上漂浮的气泡，都是曲折地描绘它随手按压即消失的形象。《脉经》说“轻手相得，按之无有”，而伪诀反而说“按之似有，举之还无”，违背真理到了这种地步！而且如果按之似乎还有，举之却完全没有，那是弱脉而不是濡脉了。濡脉的浮软，与虚脉相似；但虚脉脉形宽大，而濡脉脉形细小。濡脉的细小，与弱脉相似；但弱脉出现在沉分，而濡脉出现在浮分。濡脉的无根，与散脉相似；但散脉是从浮大逐渐发展到沉取绝迹，濡脉是从浮小逐渐发展到完全不见。从大脉发展到无脉的，是全部凶险的征象；从小脉发展到无脉的，是吉凶参半的征象。
浮脉主气分，浮取可得，说明气尚未败坏。沉脉主血分，沉取全无，说明血已伤残。在久病或老年人身上见到，尚不至于立即死亡，因为脉象与症状相符。如果是平人（健康人）、少年壮年人或突发急病的人见到，称为无根之脉，离死不远了。
【体象】弱脉的脉体细小，出现在沉取部位；轻举则无，重按才能触及。
【主病】弱脉主阳气下陷，真气衰弱。左寸部见弱脉，提示心气虚弱，伴有惊悸、健忘。右寸部见弱脉，提示肺气虚弱，伴有自汗、短气。左关部见弱脉，提示肝木枯竭，必然痛苦于筋脉拘挛紧急。右关部见弱脉，提示脾土寒湿，导致水谷运化失常（原文此处缺字，据义补为：水谷之运化受阻/消化不良）。左尺部见弱脉形态，提示肾水枯竭可验证；右尺部若见弱脉，提示阳气下陷可证实。
【按语】弱脉的含义，是指沉取而细小的脉候。王叔和在《脉经》中说：“弱脉极软而沉细，按之乃得，举手无有”，这是多么明白详尽啊。伪诀借王叔和之名来欺骗世人，反而说弱脉是轻手就能得到的，这明显与王叔和的观点相违背；而且这是濡脉的形状，而不是弱脉的形象。由此可知，高阳生错误地将濡脉当作弱脉，将弱脉当作濡脉，没想到那些立言著书的人，竟然不加考证到了这种地步！即使是黎氏用“浮沤”（水泡）作比喻，也是错误地将濡脉当作弱脉了。浮脉用来候阳，阳主气分；浮取若无，则说明阳气衰微，确凿有据。阳气，是用来卫护体表并使其坚固的，也是用来营运三焦、腐熟五谷的。弱脉呈现这种形象，说明阴寒之气已经极盛，如果不是见到胃气（原文此处缺字，据义补为：胃气），阳气怎么能恢复呢！《素问》说：“脉弱而滑，是有胃气。脉弱而涩，是为久病。”我认为弱脉可以重按，说明阴气尚未断绝，如果兼见涩象，则是气血俱败，生理机能灭绝了。张仲景说：“阳气陷入阴分，应当恶寒发热。久病及衰老之年见到，还可以挽救扶持。新病及少年壮年之人得到此脉，必定死亡，何必等待。”柳氏说：“气虚则脉弱。寸口弱脉表示阳虚，尺部弱脉表示阴虚，关部弱脉表示胃虚。”
[Body and Image] The Ru (Soft) pulse is fine and soft, appearing in the floating layer; it can be felt with light pressure (lifting), but feels empty upon heavy pressure (pressing).
[Main Pathology] The Ru pulse primarily indicates Yin deficiency, exhaustion of marrow, and injury to essence. If seen at the Left Cun position, it indicates forgetfulness, palpitations, and fright. If seen at the Right Cun position, it indicates deficient interstices and spontaneous sweating. If encountered at the Left Guan position, it indicates blood failing to nourish the tendons. If encountered at the Right Guan position, it indicates Spleen deficiency with dampness invasion. If obtained at the Left Chi position, it indicates withered and damaged essence and blood. If obtained at the Right Chi position, it indicates failure of Mingmen fire and peril to life.
[Commentary] The name "Ru" implies "soft." It must be observed as fine and soft during the floating examination (light touch); it cannot be perceived during the middle or deep examinations. Wang Shuhe compared it to silk floating on water, and Li Shizhen compared it to bubbles floating on water; both descriptions metaphorically depict its image of disappearing upon touch. The *Mai Jing* states, "It is felt with light hands, but vanishes upon pressing," whereas the spurious prescription claims, "It seems present upon pressing, but disappears upon lifting." How contrary to truth this is! Moreover, if it seems present upon pressing but completely absent upon lifting, that is a Ruo (Weak) pulse, not a Ru pulse. The floating softness of the Ru pulse is similar to the Xu (Deficient) pulse; however, the Xu pulse has a large shape, while the Ru pulse has a small shape. The fineness and smallness of the Ru pulse are similar to the Ruo pulse; however, the Ruo pulse appears in the deep layer, while the Ru pulse appears in the floating layer. The rootlessness of the Ru pulse is similar to the San (Scattered) pulse; however, the San pulse gradually goes from floating and large to deep and absent, while the Ru pulse gradually goes from floating and small to completely invisible. From large to non-existent is an image of total misfortune; from small to non-existent is an image of half fortune and half misfortune.
Floating pulses govern the Qi aspect; they are obtainable by lifting, indicating that Qi has not yet failed. Deep pulses govern the Blood aspect; they are completely absent upon pressing, indicating that Blood has already been injured. In cases of chronic illness or in the elderly, seeing this pulse does not necessarily imply immediate death, because the pulse matches the symptoms. However, if seen in healthy individuals, the young and vigorous, or in acute sudden illnesses, it is called a pulse without roots, and death is near.
[Body and Image] The Ruo (Weak) pulse is fine and small, appearing in the deep layer; it is absent upon lifting, but obtained upon pressing.
[Main Pathology] The Ruo pulse indicates sinking of Yang and weakness of true Qi. At the Left Cun, it indicates Heart deficiency, with palpitations and forgetfulness. At the Right Cun, it indicates Lung deficiency, with spontaneous sweating and shortness of breath. At the Left Guan, it indicates desiccation of Liver Wood, inevitably suffering from tendon cramping and urgency. At the Right Guan, it indicates cold Earth [Spleen], leading to impaired digestion of water and grain. At the Left Chi, the weak form indicates that dried-up streams [Kidney Yin/Essence] can be verified. If seen at the Right Chi, it verifies the sinking of Yang.
[Commentary] The meaning of the Ruo pulse is a deep, fine, and small condition. Wang Shuhe in the *Mai Jing* said: "The Ruo pulse is extremely soft and deep-fine, obtained only upon pressing, and absent upon lifting." How clear and detailed this is! The spurious prescription borrows Wang Shuhe's name to deceive the world, claiming instead that the Ruo pulse is felt with light hands; this directly contradicts Wang Shuhe. Furthermore, this describes the shape of the Ru pulse, not the image of the Ruo pulse. Thus, we know that Gao Yangsheng mistakenly identified the Ru pulse as the Ruo pulse, and the Ruo pulse as the Ru pulse. It is surprising that authors who establish doctrines fail to conduct such basic verification! Even Li's metaphor of floating bubbles mistakenly identifies the Ru pulse as the Ruo pulse. Floating is used to examine Yang, and Yang governs the Qi aspect; if floating touch yields nothing, then Yang Qi is severely diminished, which is solid evidence. Yang Qi is what protects the exterior and consolidates the body, and also circulates through the Triple Burner and ripens food and drink. When the Ruo pulse presents, Yin-Cold is extreme; unless there is a sign of Stomach Qi, how can Yang recover? The *Su Wen* states: "A pulse that is weak and slippery indicates the presence of Stomach Qi. A pulse that is weak and choppy indicates a chronic illness." I believe that since the Ruo pulse can be pressed heavily, Yin has not yet perished; however, if accompanied by a choppy quality, it indicates mutual failure of Qi and Blood, and extinction of physiological life. Zhang Zhongjing said: "When Yang sinks into Yin, there should be aversion to cold and fever. Seen in chronic illness and old age, it can still be supported and rescued. Obtained in new illness and youth, death is inevitable." Liu stated: "Qi deficiency leads to a weak pulse. Weakness at Cun indicates Yang deficiency, weakness at Chi indicates Yin deficiency, and weakness at Guan indicates Spleen/Stomach deficiency."