诸疝者，阴气积于内，复为寒气所加，使荣卫不调，血气虚弱，故风冷入其腹内而成疝
也。疝者，痛也。或少腹痛，不得大小便；或手足厥冷，绕脐痛，白汗出；或冷气逆上抢心
腹，令心痛；或里急而腹痛。此诸候非一，故云诸疝也。
脉弦紧者，疝也。
寒疝者，阴气积于内，则卫气不行，卫气不行，则寒气盛也。故令恶寒不欲食，手足厥
冷，绕脐痛，白汗出，遇寒即发，故云寒疝也。其脉弦紧者是也。其汤熨针石，别有正方，
补养宣导，今附于后。
《养生方·导引法》云∶蹲踞，以两手举足，蹲极横。治气冲肿痛，寒疝入上下。
致肾气法∶蹲踞，以两手捉趾令离地，低跟极横挽，自然一通，愈荣冲中痛。
夫寒疝心痛，阴气积结所生也。阴气不散，则寒气盛；寒气盛，则痛上下无常，言冷气
上冲于心，故令心痛也。
此由阴气积于内，寒气结搏而不散，腑脏虚弱，故风邪冷气与正气相击，则腹痛里急，
故云寒疝腹痛也。
此由腑脏虚弱，风邪客于其间，与真气相击，故痛。其痛随气上下，或上冲于心，或在
于腹，皆由寒气所作，所以谓之寒疝心腹痛也。
积聚者，由寒气在内所生也。血气虚弱，风邪搏于腑脏，寒多则气涩，气涩则生积聚也
。积者阴气，五脏所生，始发不离其部，故上下有所穷已。聚者阳气，六腑所生也，故无根
本，上下无所留止。但诸脏腑受邪，初未能为积聚，邪气留滞不去，乃成积聚。其为病也，
或左右胁下如覆杯；或脐上下如臂；或胃脘间覆大如盘，羸瘦少气；或洒淅寒热，四肢不收
，饮食不为肌肤；或累累如桃李；或腹满呕泄，寒即痛。故云寒疝积聚也。
其脉快而紧，积聚；浮而牢，积聚。牢强急者生，虚弱急者死。
诸疝，是指阴气积聚在体内，又受到寒气的侵袭，导致营卫不调，血气虚弱，因此风冷之气侵入腹内而形成疝病。所谓“疝”，就是疼痛的意思。症状表现为：有的少腹部疼痛，大小便不通；有的手足冰冷，肚脐周围疼痛，出冷汗；有的冷气逆上冲击心腹，引起心痛；有的腹部拘急且腹痛。这些证候不止一种，所以称为“诸疝”。
脉象弦紧的，是疝病。
寒疝，是指阴气积聚在体内，导致卫气运行不畅；卫气运行不畅，寒气就会亢盛。因此出现怕冷、不想进食、手足冰冷、肚脐周围疼痛、出冷汗等症状，遇到寒冷就会发作，所以称为“寒疝”。其脉象也是弦紧的。治疗寒疝的汤药、熨法、针刺和砭石疗法，另有专门的方剂，补益调养和导引宣通的方法，现在附在后面。
《养生方·导引法》说：蹲踞姿势，用双手举起双脚，蹲到极限并横向拉伸。这可以治疗气冲肿痛以及寒疝引起的上下部病症。
致肾气法：蹲踞姿势，用双手抓住脚趾使其离地，脚跟极力下压并横向拉伸，身体自然通畅，可以治愈荣冲部位的疼痛。
至于寒疝引起的心痛，是由阴气积结所生成的。阴气不散，则寒气亢盛；寒气亢盛，则疼痛位置上下无常，这是因为冷气上冲于心，所以引起心痛。
这种情况是由于阴气积聚在体内，寒气凝结搏结而不消散，脏腑虚弱，因此风邪冷气与正气相互搏击，导致腹痛、腹部拘急，所以称为“寒疝腹痛”。
这种情况是由于脏腑虚弱，风邪客居在其中，与真气相互搏击，所以产生疼痛。疼痛随气机上下移动，有的上冲于心，有的在腹部，这都是由寒气造成的，所以称之为“寒疝心腹痛”。
积聚病，是由寒气在体内生成所致。血气虚弱，风邪搏结于脏腑，寒气重则气机涩滞，气机涩滞就会产生积聚病。“积”属于阴气，由五脏生成，发病时不离其部位，所以上下有固定的范围。“聚”属于阳气，由六腑生成，没有根本固定之处，上下流动没有停留止息的地方。但是，各种脏腑受邪，起初并不能形成积聚，只有当邪气留滞不去，才会形成积聚。积聚病的表现有：有的左右胁下像倒扣的杯子；有的肚脐上下像手臂一样粗大；有的胃脘间像倒扣的大盘子，身体消瘦、气短；有的忽冷忽热，四肢无力不收摄，饮食不能转化为肌肉；有的肿块累累像桃李；有的腹部胀满、呕吐泄泻，遇寒则疼痛。所以称为“寒疝积聚”。
Zhu Shan (Various Hernias) refers to the accumulation of Yin Qi (Yin pathogenic factors) internally, compounded by the invasion of Cold Qi (Cold pathogenic factor), leading to disharmony between Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) and Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), and deficiency of Blood and Qi. Consequently, Wind-Cold enters the abdomen, resulting in hernia. "Shan" implies pain. Symptoms may include: lower abdominal pain with inability to urinate or defecate; coldness of the hands and feet, periumbilical pain, and profuse sweating; rebellious Cold Qi rushing upward to strike the heart and abdomen, causing heart pain; or abdominal urgency and pain. Since these manifestations are not singular, they are collectively termed "Zhu Shan."
A wiry and tight pulse indicates hernia.
Han Shan (Cold Hernia) arises from the internal accumulation of Yin Qi, which impedes the movement of Wei Qi. When Wei Qi fails to circulate, Cold Qi becomes excessive. This leads to aversion to cold, loss of appetite, cold extremities, periumbilical pain, and sweating. The condition is triggered by exposure to cold, hence the name "Han Shan." The corresponding pulse is wiry and tight. Decoctions, moxibustion/warming therapies, acupuncture, and stone therapy for Han Shan have separate specific formulas. Methods for tonification, nourishment, and Daoyin (guiding and pulling exercises) are appended below.
The *Yangsheng Fang* (Prescriptions for Nourishing Life) · *Daoyin Fa* states: Assume a squatting position, lift both feet with your hands, squat to the limit, and stretch laterally. This treats Qi-chong swelling and pain, as well as upper and lower disorders caused by Cold Hernia.
Method to Cultivate Kidney Qi: Squat, grasp the toes with both hands to lift them off the ground, press the heels down maximally while stretching laterally. This naturally promotes circulation and cures pain in the Rong-Chong region.
Heart pain caused by Cold Hernia originates from the accumulation and knotting of Yin Qi. If Yin Qi does not dissipate, Cold Qi becomes excessive; when Cold Qi is excessive, pain occurs unpredictably up and down. This is due to Cold Qi rushing upward to the heart, causing heart pain.
This condition results from Yin Qi accumulating internally and Cold Qi condensing and binding without dispersing. Due to the weakness of the Zang-Fu organs, Wind-Cold pathogenic factors clash with Healthy Qi, resulting in abdominal pain and urgency, thus termed "Abdominal Pain of Cold Hernia."
This condition arises because the Zang-Fu organs are weak, allowing Wind-Cold pathogens to lodge within and clash with True Qi, causing pain. The pain moves up and down with the Qi flow; it may rush upward to the heart or remain in the abdomen. All such cases are caused by Cold Qi, hence termed "Heart and Abdominal Pain of Cold Hernia."
Ji-Zheng (Accumulation and Aggregation) diseases are generated by internal Cold Qi. With deficient Blood and Qi, Wind-Cold pathogens contend within the Zang-Fu organs. Excessive Cold causes Qi stagnation; Qi stagnation leads to the formation of Ji-Zheng. "Ji" (Accumulation) belongs to Yin and is generated by the Five Zang organs. It remains fixed at its site of origin, having definite boundaries above and below. "Zheng" (Aggregation/Gathering) belongs to Yang and is generated by the Six Fu organs. It lacks a fixed root and moves freely without staying in one place. However, mere pathogenic invasion of the Zang-Fu does not immediately constitute Ji-Zheng; only when the pathogen lingers and fails to disperse does Ji-Zheng form. Clinical manifestations include: masses under the lateral hypochondrium resembling an inverted cup; masses above or below the umbilicus resembling an arm; a large mass in the epigastrium resembling an inverted plate, accompanied by emaciation and shortness of breath; chills and fever alternating, flaccidity of the four limbs, and failure of food intake to nourish the muscles; multiple nodules resembling peaches or plums; abdominal distension, vomiting, diarrhea, and pain exacerbated by cold. Hence, this is referred to as "Cold Hernia and Accumulation-Aggregation."
A rapid and tight pulse indicates Accumulation-Aggregation; a floating and firm pulse also indicates Accumulation-Aggregation. A firm, strong, and rapid pulse suggests survival (favorable prognosis), whereas a weak and rapid pulse suggests death (unfavorable prognosis).