血淋者，是热淋之甚者，则尿血，谓之血淋。心主血，血之行身，通遍经络，循环腑脏
。其热甚者，血则散失其常经，溢渗入胞，而成血淋也。
寒淋者，其病状，先寒战，然后尿是也。由肾气虚弱，下焦受于冷气，入胞与正气交争
，寒气胜则战寒而成淋，正气胜则战寒解，故得小便也。
小便利多者，由膀胱虚寒，胞滑故也。肾为脏；膀胱，肾之腑也，其为表里，俱主水。
肾气下通于阴，腑既虚寒，不能温其脏，故小便白而多。其至夜尿偏甚者，则内阴气生是也
小便数者，膀胱与肾俱虚，而有客热乘之故也。肾与膀胱为表里，俱主水，肾气下通于
阴。此二经既虚，致受于客热。虚则不能制水，故令数小便热则水行涩，涩则小便不快，故
令数起也。
诊其跗阳脉数，胃中热，即消谷引食，大便必坚，小便即数。其汤熨针石，别有正方，
补养宣导，今附于后。
《养生方·导引法》云∶以两踵布膝，除数尿。
又云∶偃卧，令两手布膝头，斜踵置尻下，口纳气，振腹自极，鼻出气七息。去小便数
小便不禁者，肾气虚，下焦受冷也。肾主水，其气下通于阴。肾虚下焦冷，不能温制其
水液，故小便不禁也。
尺脉实，小腹牢痛，小便不禁。尺中虚，小便不禁。肾病小便不禁，脉当沉滑，而反浮
大，其色当黑反黄，此土之克水，为逆，不治。
血淋，是热淋中病情较重的类型，表现为排尿时尿中带血，因此称为血淋。心主司血液的运行，血液在体内运行，贯通经络，循环于脏腑之间。当热邪严重时，血液就会散乱，脱离正常的经脉，溢出并渗入膀胱（胞），从而形成血淋。
寒淋，其病症表现为先出现寒战，随后才发生淋证（小便不利）。这是由于肾气虚弱，下焦受到冷气侵袭，寒气进入膀胱并与正气相互抗争。当寒气占优势时，就会因寒战而引发淋证；当正气占优势时，寒战解除，小便得以通畅排出。
小便频数且量多者，是由于膀胱虚寒、膀胱壁松弛所致。肾为脏，膀胱为腑，二者互为表里，共同主管水液代谢。肾气向下通达于前阴，既然腑（膀胱）已经虚寒，就不能温煦脏（肾），所以小便颜色发白且次数增多。如果在夜间小便特别频繁，这是因为体内阴气生盛所致。
小便频急者，是因为膀胱与肾都虚弱，又有外来的热邪乘虚而入。肾与膀胱互为表里，共同主管水液，肾气向下通达于前阴。这两条经脉既已虚弱，导致容易感受外来热邪。虚则不能制约水液，所以导致小便频数；热则使水流运行涩滞，涩滞则小便排出不畅快，所以导致频频起夜排尿。
诊察跗阳脉（足太阳膀胱经穴位，此处指代该部位脉象）数动，说明胃中有热，就会消化食物快、食欲旺盛，大便必然干结，小便就会频数。对于此类情况，汤药、熨法、针刺、砭石等治疗有专门的方剂，补益调养和导引功法，现附在后面。
《养生方·导引法》说：双脚脚跟并拢置于膝盖处，可以消除小便频数。
又说：仰卧，让双手张开置于膝盖头处，脚后跟斜放于臀部下方，口吸气，用力振动腹部至极限，鼻呼气，共七次呼吸。这样可以去除小便频数。
小便失禁者，是肾气虚弱，下焦受冷所致。肾主水，其气向下通达于前阴。肾虚且下焦寒冷，不能温煦和控制水液，所以导致小便失禁。
尺脉（手腕部桡动脉尺侧的脉搏）实有力，小腹部坚硬疼痛，小便失禁。尺脉虚弱，小便失禁。肾病导致的小便失禁，脉象应当沉滑，如果反而浮大，面色应当黑反而黄，这是土克水的逆证，难以治愈。
Xuelin (Blood Strangury) is a severe form of Relin (Hot Strangury), characterized by blood in the urine, hence the name. The Heart governs the Blood; the circulation of Blood throughout the body penetrates the meridians and circulates among the Zang-Fu organs. When Heat is severe, the Blood scatters and deviates from its normal channels, overflowing and seeping into the Bladder (Pao), thereby forming Xuelin (Blood Strangury).
Hanlin (Cold Strangury) presents with symptoms of initial chills and shivering, followed by strangury. This is due to deficiency of Kidney Qi and cold invasion of the Lower Jiao. Cold Qi enters the Bladder and contends with Healthy Qi. When Cold prevails, chills occur leading to strangury; when Healthy Qi prevails, the chills resolve, allowing urination to proceed.
Frequent and copious urination results from deficiency-cold of the Bladder and laxity of the Bladder wall. The Kidney is a Zang organ; the Bladder is its Fu organ; they are exterior-interior partners and both govern water metabolism. Kidney Qi descends to the external genitalia. Since the Fu organ is deficient and cold, it cannot warm the Zang organ, resulting in pale and frequent urination. If nocturnal urination is particularly severe, it is because internal Yin Qi is generating excessively.
Frequent and urgent urination occurs because both the Bladder and the Kidney are deficient, allowing exogenous Heat to take advantage of this weakness. The Kidney and Bladder are exterior-interior partners governing water; Kidney Qi descends to the external genitalia. Having become deficient, these two meridians are susceptible to exogenous Heat. Deficiency fails to control water, causing frequency; Heat causes fluid flow to become sluggish, and sluggishness leads to incomplete or uncomfortable voiding, thus causing frequent urges to urinate.
Palpation of the Fuyang pulse (pulse at the Fuyang acupoint/region) showing rapidity indicates Stomach Heat, which leads to rapid digestion and increased appetite, hard stools, and frequent urination. For such conditions, treatments involving decoctions, moxibustion/warming applications, acupuncture, and stone therapy have specific formulas. Tonifying, nourishing, and Daoyin (guiding and pulling) exercises are attached below.
The *Yangsheng Fang · Daoyin Fa* states: Place the heels together against the knees to relieve frequent urination.
It also states: Lie supine, spread hands over the knees, place the heels obliquely under the buttocks, inhale through the mouth, vigorously vibrate the abdomen to its limit, and exhale through the nose for seven breaths. This removes frequent urination.
Urinary incontinence is caused by Kidney Qi deficiency and cold in the Lower Jiao. The Kidney governs water, and its Qi descends to the external genitalia. With Kidney deficiency and Lower Jiao cold, there is an inability to warm and control water fluids, resulting in urinary incontinence.
A Chi pulse (radial artery pulse at the cun-guan-chi position, distal aspect) that is excess-strong, accompanied by firm pain in the lower abdomen and urinary incontinence, indicates pathology. A Chi pulse that is deficient also indicates urinary incontinence. In Kidney disease presenting with urinary incontinence, the pulse should be deep and slippery. If it is instead floating and large, and the complexion should be black but appears yellow, this represents Earth overcoming Water, a counter-productive pattern (Ni), which is difficult to treat.