阴阳清浊相干,谓之气乱。气乱在肠胃,为霍乱也。多因饮食过度,冒触风冷,冷气入
于腹内,脾气得冷则不消水谷,胃气得冷则吐逆,肠气得冷则下利。其先心痛者先吐,先腹
痛者先利,心腹俱痛,吐利并发。其有头痛、壮热而吐利者,由体盛而挟风之气搏之外,与
血气交争,故头痛发热也,内乘肠胃,故霍乱吐利也。
胃气逆则呕吐。胃为水谷之海,其气不调,而有风冷乘之,冷搏于胃气,胃气逆则呕吐也。
无问男子女人,乘车船则心闷乱,头痛吐逆,谓之注车、注船。特由质性自然,非关宿
人禀五行秀气而生,承五脏神气而养。若阴阳调和,则脏腑强盛,风邪鬼魅不能伤之。
若摄卫失节,而血气虚衰,则风邪乘其虚,鬼干其正。然妇人与鬼交通者,脏腑虚,神守弱
,故鬼气得病之也。其状,不欲见人,如有对忤,独言笑,或时悲泣是也。
脉来迟伏,或如鸟啄,皆邪物病也。又脉来绵绵,不知度数,而颜色不变,此亦病也。
夫脏虚者喜梦。妇人梦与鬼交,亦由腑脏气弱,神守虚衰,故乘虚因梦与鬼交通也。
香港脚之病,由人体虚,温湿风毒之气先客于脚,从下而上,动于气,故名香港脚也。江东
岭南,土地卑下,风湿之气易伤于人。初得此病,多不即觉,或先无他疾,而忽得之,或因
众病后得之。此病初甚微,饮食嬉戏,气力如故,当熟察之。其状∶从膝至脚有不仁,或若
痹,或淫淫如虫冲,或微肿,或酷冷,或疼痛,或缓纵不随,或有挛急;或有至困能饮食,
或有不能食者,或有见饮食而呕吐、恶闻食臭者;或有物如脂,发于 肠,逆上冲心
,气上者;或有举体转筋者;或壮热、头痛者;或心胸冲悸,寝处不欲见明;或腹内苦痛而
兼下者;或言语错乱,喜忘误者;或眼浊,精神昏愦者。此皆其证候也。治之缓者,便上入
腹,腹或肿,胸胁满,上气贲便死。急者,不全日;缓者,二、三日也。
其病既入脏,证皆相似,但脉有三品∶若脉浮大而缓,宜服续命汤两剂;若风盛者,宜
作越婢汤加术四两。若脉转快而紧,宜服竹沥汤;若脉微,宜服风引汤二三剂。其
紧快之脉,是三品之最恶脉也。脉浮大者,病在外;沉细者,病在内。皆当急治之。治之缓
慢,则上气便死也。
阴阳之气中清浊相互干扰,称为气乱。气乱发生在肠胃,就形成霍乱。多因为饮食过量,冒犯接触风冷之邪,冷气进入腹内,脾气受冷则不能运化水谷,胃气受冷则发生呕吐逆反,肠气受冷则导致腹泻。如果先出现心痛,就先呕吐;先出现腹痛,就先腹泻;心腹都痛,则呕吐和腹泻同时发作。如果有头痛、高热且伴有呕吐腹泻的,是因为体质壮实而兼夹的风邪之气搏结于体表,与血气相互争斗,所以出现头痛发热;风邪内侵肠胃,所以导致霍乱引起的呕吐腹泻。
胃气上逆就会呕吐。胃是容纳水谷的海,其气如果不调和,有风冷之邪乘虚侵袭,冷气搏击胃气,导致胃气上逆,从而发生呕吐。
无论男女,乘坐车船时感到心中烦闷混乱、头痛呕吐,这叫做“注车”或“注船”。这特别是由个人体质自然决定的,并非有关前世宿命的因素。人禀受五行秀气而生,承受五脏神气而养育。如果阴阳调和,那么脏腑强盛,风邪鬼魅就不能伤害人体。如果调摄卫护失去节制,导致血气虚衰,那么风邪就会乘虚而入,鬼邪侵犯正气。然而妇女与鬼魅交合致病,是因为脏腑虚弱,神志守持无力,所以鬼气得以侵入致病。其症状表现为:不想见人,好像面对违逆之人,独自说笑,或者时而悲伤哭泣。
脉象来势迟缓伏匿,或者像鸟啄食一样断续不匀,都是邪物致病的表现。又如果脉象绵绵不断,不知至数(次数),但面色没有改变,这也是病态。
脏腑虚弱的人容易做梦。妇女梦见与鬼交合,也是因为腑脏气弱,神志守持虚衰,所以乘虚通过梦境与鬼魅交合。
香港脚(脚气病)这种病,是由于人体虚弱,温湿风毒之气首先客居于脚部,从下向上发展,扰动气机,所以名叫香港脚。江东、岭南地区,地势低洼卑湿,风湿之气容易伤人。刚得这个病时,大多不会立即察觉,或者之前没有其他疾病,突然患上,或者在其他疾病之后患上。这个病初期非常轻微,饮食嬉戏如常,气力也正常,应当仔细检查辨别。其症状表现:从膝盖到脚部感觉麻木不仁,或者像痹症一样,或者像虫子爬行般瘙痒不适,或者轻微肿胀,或者极度寒冷,或者疼痛,或者松弛无力不能随意活动,或者有筋脉拘挛紧急;有的虽然困倦但能进食,有的不能进食,有的看到食物就呕吐、厌恶食物的气味;有的有类似脂肪的物质,发于肠道,逆向上冲心脏,气机上逆;有的全身转筋;有的高热、头痛;有的心胸悸动不安,睡觉休息时不喜欢光亮;有的腹部痛苦并伴有腹泻;有的言语错乱,喜欢遗忘错误;有的眼睛浑浊,精神昏沉糊涂。这些都是它的证候。治疗若迟缓,病邪就会上行入腹,腹部可能肿胀,胸胁胀满,气逆上冲就会死亡。病情急的,不到一天;缓的,两三天就会致死。
病邪既然已经入脏,证候都相似,但脉象有三种情况:如果脉象浮大而缓,适宜服用续命汤两剂;如果风邪盛者,适宜制作越婢汤加白术四两。如果脉象转变快而紧,适宜服用竹沥汤;如果脉象微弱,适宜服用风引汤两三剂。那种紧快的脉象,是这三种脉中最恶劣的脉象。脉象浮大的,病在体表;脉象沉细的,病在体内。都应当紧急治疗。治疗若缓慢,气逆上冲就会死亡。
Yin and Yang qi, specifically the clear and turbid aspects, interfere with each other, termed "Qi Disarray" (Qì Luàn). When Qi Disarray occurs in the intestines and stomach, it manifests as Cholera-like disorder (Huò Luàn). This is often caused by excessive eating or drinking, and exposure to wind-cold pathogens. Cold qi enters the abdomen; when spleen qi is affected by cold, it fails to transform water and grain; when stomach qi is affected by cold, vomiting and regurgitation occur; when intestinal qi is affected by cold, diarrhea ensues. If heart pain appears first, vomiting occurs first; if abdominal pain appears first, diarrhea occurs first; if both heart and abdomen hurt, vomiting and diarrhea occur simultaneously. Cases presenting with headache, high fever, vomiting, and diarrhea arise because a robust constitution combined with pathogenic wind qi struggles on the exterior against blood and qi, causing headache and fever; internally, this pathogen invades the intestines and stomach, causing the vomiting and diarrhea of Cholera-like disorder.
Rebellious Stomach Qi (Wèi Qì Nì) leads to vomiting. The Stomach (Wèi) is the Sea of Water and Grain; if its qi is disordered and wind-cold pathogens invade, the cold combats the Stomach Qi, causing it to rebel upward, resulting in vomiting.
Regardless of gender, feeling mental oppression, confusion, headache, and vomiting while riding in carriages or boats is termed "Zhuche" (Note Carriage) or "Zhuchuan" (Note Boat). This is specifically due to one's natural constitution, not related to past-life karma. Humans are born from the refined qi of the Five Elements and nourished by the spiritual qi of the Five Zang Organs. If Yin and Yang are harmonious, the Zang-Fu organs become strong, and wind pathogens or ghosts cannot harm them. However, if self-care and protection are neglected, leading to deficiency and decline of blood and qi, wind pathogens will take advantage of the deficiency, and ghostly influences will attack the upright qi. In women who suffer from intercourse with ghosts, it is because the Zang-Fu organs are deficient and the Spirit (Shen) lacks retention power, allowing ghost qi to cause disease. The symptoms include: aversion to seeing people, as if facing an adversary, talking and laughing alone, or occasionally weeping bitterly.
A pulse that is slow and deep (Chi Fu), or intermittent like a bird pecking, indicates disease caused by evil entities. Also, a pulse that is continuous and fine without discernible rate, yet the complexion remains unchanged, is also a sign of disease.
Deficiency of the Zang organs predisposes one to dreams. Women dreaming of intercourse with ghosts also result from weak organ qi and deficient Shen retention, allowing ghost interaction through dreams due to deficiency.
Hongxiangjiao (Foot Qi Disease) arises from human deficiency, where warm-dampness and wind-toxic qi first lodge in the feet, ascending from below and disturbing the Qi mechanism, hence the name Hongxiangjiao. In the Jiangdong and Lingnan regions, the land is low and damp, making people susceptible to wind-dampness. Initially, this disease is often unnoticed; one may have no prior illness and suddenly contract it, or acquire it after other illnesses. The disease starts subtly; diet, play, and strength remain normal, so careful observation is required. Symptoms include: numbness from knees to feet, sensation similar to Bi syndrome, itching like insects crawling, slight swelling, extreme cold, pain, flaccidity and inability to move, or tendon cramping; some are lethargic but can eat, some cannot eat, some vomit at the sight of food or detest food odors; some have lipid-like substances originating in the intestines, rushing upward to strike the heart with rebellious Qi; some experience generalized tendon spasms; some have high fever and headache; some have chest palpitations and dislike light during rest; some have severe abdominal pain accompanied by diarrhea; some speak confusedly and are forgetful; some have cloudy eyes and dull spirit. These are all its manifestations. If treatment is delayed, the pathogen ascends into the abdomen, potentially causing abdominal swelling, chest and hypochondriac fullness, and death from rebellious Qi. Acute cases may lead to death within a day; slower cases within two or three days.
Once the pathogen enters the Zang organs, the clinical presentations are similar, but there are three types of pulses: If the pulse is floating, large, and slow, Xuming Tang (Cure-all Decoction) should be administered for two doses; if Wind is predominant, Yebip Tang (Yi Ma Decoction) with four liang of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) should be prepared. If the pulse becomes rapid and tight, Zhuli Tang (Bamboo Juice Decoction) is suitable; if the pulse is faint, Fengyin Tang (Wind-Quelling Decoction) should be taken for two to three doses. The tight and rapid pulse is the most ominous among these three. A floating-large pulse indicates the disease is external; a deep-fine pulse indicates the disease is internal. Both require urgent treatment. Delayed treatment leads to rebellious Qi and death.