脏者治其俞治腑者治其合浮肿者治其经（此总结一篇之义也○脉之所注为俞所行为经所入为合咳论）○帝曰余闻善言天
者
必有验于人善言古者必有合于今善言人者必有厌于己（发问甚大而下只及五脏卒痛甚不可）如此则道不惑而要数极所谓
明明也（续知彼浮形不能坚久静虑于已亦与彼同故曰必有厌于己也夫如此者是知道要数之极悉无疑惑深明至理而乃能然
矣）今余问于夫子令言而可知视而可见扪而可得令验于己如发蒙解惑可得而闻乎岐伯曰何道之问也帝曰愿闻人之五脏卒
痛何气使然岐伯曰经脉流行不止环周不休寒气入经而稽迟泣而不行客于脉外则血少客于脉中则气不通故卒然而痛曰其痛
或卒然而止者或痛甚不休者或痛甚不可按者或按之而痛止者或按之无益者或喘动应手者或心与背相引而痛者或胁肋与少
腹相引痛者或腹痛引阴股者或痛夙昔而成积者或卒然痛死不知人少间复生者或痛而呕者或腹痛而后泄者或痛而闷不通者
凡此诸痛各不同形别之奈何曰寒气客于脉外则脉寒脉寒则缩蜷缩蜷则脉绌急绌急则外引小络故卒然而痛得热则痛立止
（续脉左右环故得寒则缩蜷绌急缩蜷绌急则卫气不得流通故外引于小络脉也卫气不入寒气薄之脉急不纵故痛生也得热则
卫气复行寒气退辟故痛止）因重中于寒则痛久矣（续重寒难释故痛久不止）寒气客于经脉之中与暑气相薄则脉满满则痛
而不可按也（此当作痛甚不休也）寒气稽留热气从则脉充大而血气乱故痛甚不可按也（续脉既满大血气复乱按之则邪气
攻内故不可按也）寒气客于肠胃之间膜原之下血不得散小络急引故痛按之则血气散故按之痛止（续膜膈间之膜原膈肓之
原血不得散谓膈膜之中小络脉肉血也络满则急故牵引而痛生也按之则寒气散小络缓故痛止）寒气客于侠脊之脉则深按之
不能及故按之无益也（续侠脊当中督脉也次两旁足太阳脉也督脉循脊里太阳脉贯膂筋故深按之不能及也若按当中则脊曲
按两旁则膂筋蹙节曲筋蹙则卫气不得行过寒气益聚而内蓄故按之而毫无益也）寒气客于冲脉波脉起于关元随腹直上寒气
客则脉不通脉不通则气因之故喘动应手矣（续关元穴名在脐下三寸冲脉起自此穴即随腹而上行会咽喉冲脉不通足少阴气
因之上满冲脉与少阴并行故喘动应手也盖以冲脉虽起关元其本生出乃起于肾下也）寒气客于背俞之脉则血脉泣脉泣则血
虚血虚则痛其俞注于心故相引而痛（续背俞谓心俞脉亦足太阳脉夫俞者皆内通于脏故曰其俞注于心相引而生痛也）按之
则热气至热气至则痛止矣（此上十三字不知何所指）寒气客于厥阴之脉厥阴之脉者络阴器系于肝寒气客于脉中则血泣脉
急故胁肋与少腹相引痛矣厥气客于阴股（续亦厥阴肝脉之气也）寒气上及少腹血泣在下相引故肠痛引阴股寒气客于小肠
膜原之间络血之中血泣不得注于大经血气稽留不得行故夙昔而成积矣（续言血为寒气之所凝结而乃成积）寒气客于五脏
厥逆上泄阴气竭阳气未入故卒然痛死不知人气复反则生矣（续脏气被寒拥冒而不行气复得通则已也）寒气客于肠胃厥逆
上出故痛而呕也（续肠胃客寒留止则阳气不得下流而反上行寒不去则痛生阳上行则呕逆）寒气客于小肠小肠不得成聚故
后泄腹痛矣（续小肠为受盛之府中满则寒邪不居故不得结聚而传下入于回肠回肠为传导之府物不得停留故后泄而痛也）
热气留于小肠肠中痛瘅热焦渴则坚干不得出故痛而闭不通矣曰所谓言而可知者也视而可见奈何曰五脏六腑固尽有部（续
面上之分部）视其五色黄赤为热白为寒青黑为痛（续中热则色黄赤阳气少血不上荣于色故白血凝泣则色青黑而痛）此所
谓视而可见者也曰扪而可得奈何（续以手循摸也）曰视其主病之脉（脉络也）坚而血及陷下者皆可扪而得也（举痛论举
当作卒）○因于寒体若燔炭汗出而散○因于暑汗烦则喘喝静则多言（续此言伤于寒毒至夏而变暑病也烦烦躁静安静喝大
呵出声也言病因于暑则当汗泄不为发表邪热内攻中外俱热故烦躁喘数大呵而出其声也若不烦躁内热外凉瘀热攻中故多言
而不次也）因于湿首如裹湿热不攘大筋软短小筋驰长软短为拘弛长为痿因于气为肿四维相代阳气乃竭（愚按丹溪云湿者
土之浊气首为诸阳之会其位高其气济其体虚故聪明系焉浊气熏蒸清道不通沉重不利似乎有物蒙之失而不治湿郁为热热留
不去大筋软短者热伤血不能养筋故为拘挛小筋弛长者湿伤筋不能束骨故为痿弱第四章因于气为肿下文不叙恐有脱简王注
曰素常气急湿热加之气湿热争故为肿也然邪气渐盛正气浸微阳气衰少致邪代正气不宣通故四维发肿诸阳受气于四肢也今
人见膝间关节肿疼全以为风治者误矣）因于露风乃生寒热阳气者烦劳则张精绝辟积于夏使人煎厥（滑注煎迫而成厥逆之
病）目盲不可以视耳闭不可以闻溃溃乎若坏都 乎不可止（愚按王安道曰阳气者人身和平之气也烦劳者凡过于动作者
皆是也张主也谓亢极也精阴气也辟积犹累积谓怫郁也积水之奔散曰溃都犹堤防也 水流而不止也夫充于身者二气而已
本无异类也即其所用所病而言之于是乎始有异名耳故平则为正亢则为邪阳气则因其和以养人而名之及其过动而张亦即阳
气亢极而成火耳阳盛则阴衰故精绝水不制火故亢火郁积之盛又当夏月火旺之时故使人烦热之极若煎迫然而气逆上也火炎
气逆故目盲耳闭而无所用此阳极欲绝故其精败神去不可复生若堤防之崩坏而所储之水奔散滂流莫能以过之矣夫病至此是
坏之极矣王氏不晓都字之义遂略夫此字而谓之若坏其可乎哉又以此病纯为房患以张为筋脉腹胀以 为烦闷皆非是○王
注此戒起居卒暴烦扰阳和也）阳气者大怒则形气绝而血菀于上使人薄厥（续此戒喜怒不节过用病生也然怒则伤肾甚则气
绝大怒则气逆而阳不下行阳逆故血积于心胸之内矣然阴阳相薄气血奔并因薄厥生故曰薄厥经曰怒则气逆甚则呕血是也菀
积也薄迫也）有伤于筋纵其若不容（续怒而过用气或迫筋筋络内伤机关纵缓形容痿发若不维持）汗出偏沮使人偏枯（续
身常偏汗出而润湿者久久偏枯）半身不随汗出见湿乃生痤 （续阳气发泄寒水制之热怫内余郁于皮里甚为痤疖微作 疮
风瘾也不忍之人汗出淋洗则结为痤 ）○膏粱之变足生大丁（续膏梁之人内多滞热皮浓肉疏故内变为丁矣足饶也多也）
○劳汗当风寒薄为 郁乃痤（续时月寒凉形劳汗发凄风外薄肤腠居寒脂液凝蓄玄府根据空渗涸 刺长于皮中形如米或如针
久者上黑长分余色黄白而螈于玄府中俗曰粉刺解表已痤谓色赤 内蕴血脓形小而大如酸枣此皆阳气内郁所为持软攻之
大甚病出之）○阳气者精则养神柔则养筋（续此又明阳气之运养也阳气者内化精微以养神外为柔和以养筋动静失宜则生
诸疾）开阖不得寒气从之乃生大偻（续开阖失宜为寒所袭则筋络拘软形容偻俯矣灵枢曰寒则筋急此其类也）陷脉为
留连肉腠（因上文言若寒气下陷于脉中则为疡 肉腠相连）营气不从逆于肉理乃生痈肿（续营逆则血郁血郁则热聚为脓
故为痈肿正理论云热之所过则为痈肿）魄汗未尽形弱而气烁穴俞以闭发为风疟（续汗出未止形弱气消风寒薄之穴俞随闭
热藏不出以至于秋秋阳复收雨热相合故令振栗寒热相移以所起为风故为风疟故下文云）风者百病之始也清静则肉腠闭拒
虽有大风苛毒弗之能害（续目无嗜欲心无淫邪起居有度不妄作劳是为清静故肉腠闭皮肤密真气内固虚邪不侵虽大风苛毒
弗能害之也）病久则传化上下不并良医弗为（续不并不交通也病之深久变化相传上下不通阴阳否隔虽良医妙法莫能为也
经曰善针者从阴引阳从阳引阴若气相格拒良医莫为）阳蓄积病死而阳气当隔隔者当泻（续言三阳蓄积怫结不通不急泻之
亦病而死何者蓄积不已亦上下不并矣何以验之隔塞不便则其症也若不急泻必见败亡经曰三阳结谓之格是也）○风客淫气
精乃亡邪伤肝也（淫气者阴阳之乱气也因其乱而见客之则伤精伤精则邪入于肝风喜伤肝也王注经曰风气通于肝风薄则热
起热盛则水干水干则肾气不营故精乃无也亡无也）○因而饱食筋脉横解肠 为痔（续甚饱则肠胃横满肠胃满则筋脉解而
不属故肠 而为痔经曰饮食自倍肠胃乃伤此伤之信也）因而大饮则气逆（续饮多则肺布叶举故气逆而上奔）因而强力肾
气乃伤高骨乃坏（续强力入房则精耗精耗则肾伤肾伤则髓气内枯故高骨坏而不用也谓腰之高骨）春伤于风邪气留连乃为
洞泄夏伤于暑秋为 疟秋伤于湿上逆为咳发为痿厥冬伤于寒春必病温四时之气更伤五脏（阴阳应象曰春伤于风夏生飧泄
夏伤于暑秋必 疟秋伤于湿冬生咳嗽冬伤于寒春必病温与上论大同小异王安道曰按此四章诸家注释多失经旨盖由推求太
过也夫风暑湿寒四气之伤人人岂能于未发病之前预知其客于何经络何脏腑何部分而成何病乎及其既发病然后可以诊候始
知其客于某经络某脏腑某部分成某病耳洞泄也 疟也咳与痿厥也温病也皆是因其发动之时形诊昭着乃逆推之而知其昔者
致病之原为伤风伤暑伤湿伤寒耳非是初受伤时能预定其必为此病也且伤四气有当时发病者有过时发病者有久而后发病者
有过时之久自消散不成病者何哉盖由邪气之传变聚散不常及正气之虚实不等故也且以伤风言之其当时而发则为恶风发热
头疼自汗咳嗽喘促等病其过时与久而发则为厉风热中寒中偏枯五脏之风等病是则洞泄飧泄者乃过时而发之中之一病耳因
洞泄飧泄之病生以形诊推之则知其为春伤风藏蓄不散而致此也苟洞泄飧泄之病未生孰能知其已伤风于前将发病于后耶假
如过时之久自消散而不成病者人亦能知之乎夏伤暑为 疟冬伤寒为温病意亦类此但湿长夏之令何于秋言之盖春夏冬各有
三月故其令亦各就本时而行也若长夏则寄旺于六月之一月耳秋虽亦有三月然长夏之湿令每侵过于秋而行故曰秋伤于湿且
四气所伤所病之义盖风者春之令也春感之偶不即发而至夏邪既不散则必为疾其所以为洞泄者风盖天地浩荡之气飞扬鼓舞
神速不常人身有此则肠胃之职其能从容传化泌别而得其常乎故水谷不及分别而并趋下以泄出也暑者夏之令也夏感之偶不
即发而至秋又伤于风与寒故为 疟寒者冬之令也冬感之偶不即发而至春其身中之阳虽始为寒邪所郁不得顺其渐升之性然
亦必欲应时而出故发温病也秋伤湿前篇所谓上逆而咳发为痿厥不言过时似是当时即发者但既与风暑寒三者并言则此岂得
独为即发者乎然经无明文终亦不敢比同后篇便断然以为冬发病也虽然湿本长夏之令侵过于秋耳纵使即发亦近于过时而发
者矣此当只以秋发病为论湿从下受故肝肺为咳谓之上逆夫肺为诸气之主今既有病则气不外运又湿滞经络故四肢痿弱无力
而或厥冷也后篇所谓冬生咳嗽既言过时则与前篇之义顾不同矣夫湿气久客不散至冬而寒气大行肺恶寒而或受伤故湿气得
以乘虚上侵于肺发为咳嗽也或者见素问于病湿 疟等以必言之遂视为一定不易之辞殊不知经中每有似乎一定不易之论而
却不可以为一定不易者如曰热厥因醉饱入房而得热中消中皆富贵人新沐中风则为首风如此之类岂一一皆然哉读者当活法
勿拘执也王启玄注虽未免泥于必字及未得经旨却不至太远也○成无已注似太远矣然犹未至于甚也若王海藏推求过极乖悖
经旨有不可胜言者○秋令为燥然秋之三月前近于长夏其不及则为湿所胜其太过则同于火化其平气则又不伤人此经所以于
伤人止言风暑湿寒而不言燥也或曰五运六气七篇叙燥之为病甚多何哉曰运气七篇与素问诸篇自是两书作于二人之手其立
意各有所主不可混言王冰以为七篇参入素问之中本非素问原文也予今所推之义乃是素问本旨当自作一意看生气通天论）
风成为寒热（经曰因于露风乃生寒热是也）瘅成为消中（续瘅谓湿热也热积于内故变为消中校正云多食数溲为消中王注
善食而瘦乃食 也）厥成为巅疾（续厥气逆也气逆上而不已则变为上巅之疾）久风为飧泄（愚谓此即春伤风夏飧泄也）
脉风成于疠（续经曰风寒客于脉而不去名曰疠风脉要精微论）大骨枯槁大肉陷下（皮肤干着骨间肉陷也诸附骨际及空窍
处亦同其类）胸中气短喘息不便（续肺无主也）其气动形期六月死真脏脉见乃予之期日（续肺司治节气息由之其气动形
为无气相接故耸举肩背以远求报气矣夫如是皆形脏已败神脏亦伤见是症者则后一百八十日内死矣候见真脏之脉乃与死日
之期尔此肺之藏也）大骨枯槁大肉陷下胸中气满喘息不便内痛引肩项身热脱肉破 真脏见十月之内死（肉脱 如破也
肉之标肘膝后肉如块者阴气微弱阳气内燔故身热也脾主肉故肉如脱尽 如破败也此脾之藏也真脏见恐当作未见若真脏见
则十月之内当作十日之内）大骨枯槁大肉陷下肩髓内消（缺盆深也）动作益衰（交接渐微）真脏未见期一岁死见其真脏
乃予之期日（此肾之藏）大骨枯槁大肉陷下胸中气满喘息不便内痛引肩项期一月死真脏见乃予之期日（续火精外出阳气
五脏的病证，治疗其俞穴；六腑的病证，治疗其合穴；浮肿的病证，治疗其经穴。（这是对全篇主旨的总结。○脉气所注的地方称为俞，所行的地方称为经，所入的地方称为合，参见《咳论》。）○黄帝说：我听说善于谈论天道的人，一定能在人事上得到验证；善于谈论古代的事，一定与现在的情况相吻合；善于谈论他人的人，一定能使自己感到满足（或：使自己在别人身上得到印证）。（这个问题问得很大，但下文只涉及五脏卒痛这一具体病症。如果像这样，那么大道就不会迷惑，要领和规律就能穷尽，这就叫做“明明”，即通晓事理。继续理解：只知道外在浮浅的现象，不能保持长久；只有静心思考自身，才能与他人相通，所以说“必有厌于己”。如果能做到这样，就是掌握了道的要领和规律的极致，完全没有疑惑，深刻地明白了至高的道理，从而能做到这一点。）现在我向夫子请教，希望能通过言语而知道病情，通过观察而看见病象，通过触摸而获得病征，并且能在自己身上得到验证，就像揭开蒙蔽、消除困惑一样，可以听您讲讲吗？岐伯说：您要问的是哪方面的道理呢？黄帝说：我想听听人的五脏突然疼痛，是什么气导致的？岐伯说：经脉之气流行不止，环周不休。寒气侵入经脉，运行就会迟缓、凝涩而不通畅。如果客邪在脉外，则血液减少；如果客邪在脉中，则气机不通，所以会突然发生疼痛。
黄帝说：这种疼痛，有的突然停止，有的疼痛剧烈不停止，有的疼痛剧烈不可按压，有的按压后疼痛停止，有的按压没有效果，有的脉搏跳动应手，有的心口与背部相互牵引作痛，有的胁肋与小腹相互牵引作痛，有的腹痛牵引到大腿内侧，有的疼痛长期存在而形成积块，有的突然剧痛昏死过去，过了一会儿又苏醒过来，有的疼痛伴有呕吐，有的腹痛伴有腹泻，有的疼痛伴有胸闷气塞不通。这些不同的疼痛，形态各异，如何辨别呢？
岐伯说：寒气客留在脉外，脉就受寒；脉受寒则收缩蜷曲；收缩蜷曲则脉道拘急；脉道拘急则向外牵引细小的络脉，所以突然发生疼痛。遇到热邪，疼痛立即停止。（续解：脉左右环绕，所以受寒时收缩蜷曲、脉道拘急，导致卫气不能流通，因而外引小络脉。卫气不入，寒气逼迫，脉道紧急不舒展，所以产生疼痛。遇到热邪，卫气重新运行，寒气退避，所以疼痛停止。）如果再次受到寒邪侵袭，疼痛就会持久。（续解：重寒难以解除，所以疼痛久久不止。）寒气客留在经脉之中，与热气相搏，脉道就会充盈盛大，脉满则疼痛且不可按压。（此处应解释为疼痛剧烈不停止。）寒气稽留，热气随之，脉道充大，血气紊乱，所以疼痛剧烈不可按压。（续解：脉既满大，血气又乱，按压则邪气攻内，所以不可按压。）寒气客留在肠胃之间、膜原之下，血液不能散行，小络脉紧急牵引，所以疼痛；按压则血气散开，所以按压后疼痛停止。（续解：膜膈之间的膜原，即膈肓之原。血液不能散行，指膈膜中的小络脉和肌肉间的血。络脉满则紧急，所以牵引而痛。按压则寒气散，小络舒缓，所以疼痛停止。）寒气客留在夹脊的脉中，深按也达不到病所，所以按压没有效果。（续解：夹脊正中是督脉，两侧是足太阳脉。督脉循行于脊里，太阳脉贯穿膂筋，所以深按达不到。如果按正中，脊柱弯曲；按两旁，膂筋紧缩。筋蹙缩则卫气不得通行，寒气更加聚集蓄积在内，所以按压毫无效果。）寒气客留在冲脉，冲脉起于关元穴，随腹部直上。寒气客留则脉道不通，脉不通则气随之逆乱，所以脉搏跳动应手。（续解：关元穴名，在脐下三寸。冲脉起于此穴，即随腹而上行，会合于咽喉。冲脉不通，足少阴肾气因之上逆充满。冲脉与少阴脉并行，所以脉搏跳动应手。大概因为冲脉虽起于关元，但其本源生出乃起于肾下。）寒气客留在背俞之脉，则血脉凝涩；血脉凝涩则血虚；血虚则疼痛。背俞之气注于心，所以心与背部相互牵引作痛。（续解：背俞指心俞，也是足太阳脉。凡俞穴都内通于脏腑，所以说其俞注于心，相互牵引而生痛。）按压则热气到达，热气到达则疼痛停止。（以上十三字不知所指何意。）寒气客留在厥阴脉，厥阴脉联络阴器，系属于肝。寒气客留在脉中，则血液凝涩，脉道紧急，所以胁肋与小腹相互牵引作痛。厥逆之气客留在阴股（续解：也是厥阴肝脉之气），寒气上行及于小腹，血液凝涩在下部，相互牵引，所以肠痛牵引大腿内侧。寒气客留在小肠膜原之间、络脉之中，血液凝涩，不能注入大经脉，血气稽留不行，所以久而久之形成积块。（续解：言血被寒气凝结而成积。）寒气客留在五脏，导致厥逆之气上泄，阴气竭绝，阳气未入，所以突然剧痛昏死过去。如果人气回复，就能生存。（续解：脏气被寒气拥塞蒙蔽而不能运行，气复通则已。）寒气客留在肠胃，厥逆之气上出，所以疼痛并呕吐。（续解：肠胃客寒留止，则阳气不得下行而反上行。寒不去则痛生，阳上行则呕逆。）寒气客留在小肠，小肠不能正常聚化，所以后泄腹痛。（续解：小肠为受盛之府，中满则寒邪不居，故不能结聚而传下入于回肠。回肠为传导之府，物不得停留，故后泄而痛。）热气留于小肠，肠中疼痛，湿热蕴结，焦渴，大便坚干不得排出，所以疼痛且闭塞不通。
黄帝说：所谓“言而可知”，是指什么？“视而可见”是怎么回事？岐伯说：五脏六腑在面部都有相应的分部。（续解：面部的不同区域对应不同脏腑。）观察五色：黄赤色为热，白色为寒，青色黑色为痛。（续解：热则色黄赤，阳气少则血不上荣于色，故白血凝涩则色青黑而痛。）这就是所谓的“视而可见”。
黄帝说：“扪而可得”是怎么回事？（续解：用手循摸。）岐伯说：观察主病之脉（脉络），脉象坚实且有瘀血，或者脉陷下的，都可以触摸得知。（《举痛论》的“举”字当作“卒”。）
○ 因于寒邪，身体像燔炭一样发热，汗出后症状消散。
○ 因于暑邪，出汗，烦躁则喘促有声，安静则多言。（续解：此言伤于寒毒，至夏而变为暑病。烦即烦躁，静即安静，喝即大声呵气出声。病因于暑，应当汗泄，不为发表，邪热内攻，中外俱热，所以烦躁喘数，大声呵气出声。如果不烦躁，内热外凉，瘀热攻中，所以多言而不次。）
○ 因于湿邪，头部沉重像被包裹一样。湿热不除，大筋收缩变短，小筋松弛变长。收缩变短导致拘挛，松弛变长导致痿弱。
○ 因于气滞，导致肿胀。四维之气交替受病，阳气就会竭绝。（愚按：丹溪云：湿是土的浊气。头为诸阳之会，位高，气济，体虚，所以聪明系焉。浊气熏蒸，清道不通，沉重不利，似乎有物蒙蔽。失治则湿郁为热，热留不去。大筋软短者，热伤血不能养筋，故为拘挛；小筋弛长者，湿伤筋不能束骨，故为痿弱。第四章“因于气为肿”，下文不叙，恐有脱简。王注曰：素常气急，湿热加之，气湿热争，故为肿也。然而邪气渐盛，正气浸微，阳气衰少，致邪代正气不宣通，故四维发肿。诸阳受气于四肢也。今人见膝间关节肿痛，全以为风治者，误矣。）
○ 因于露风，乃生寒热。
○ 阳气者，烦劳则张，精绝，辟积于夏，使人煎厥。（滑寿注：煎迫而成厥逆之病。）目盲不可以视，耳闭不可以闻，溃溃乎若坏都，汩汩乎不可止。（愚按：王安道曰：阳气者，人身和平之气也。烦劳者，凡过于动作者皆是也。张，主也，谓亢极也。精，阴气也。辟积犹累积，谓怫郁也。积水之奔散曰溃，都犹堤防也，汩水流而不止也。夫充于身者二气而已，本无异类也，即其所用所病而言之，于是乎始有异名耳。故平则为正，亢则为邪。阳气则因其和以养人而名之，及其过动而张，亦即阳气亢极而成火耳。阳盛则阴衰，故精绝。水不制火，故亢火郁积之盛，又当夏月火旺之时，故使人烦热之极，若煎迫然，而气逆上也。火炎气逆，故目盲耳闭而无所用。此阳极欲绝，故其精败神去，不可复生，若堤防之崩坏而所储之水奔散滂流，莫能以过之矣。夫病至此，是坏之极矣。王氏不晓“都”字之义，遂略夫此字而谓之“若坏”，其可乎哉？又以此病纯为房患，以张为筋脉腹胀，以汩为烦闷，皆非是。○王注：此戒起居卒暴烦扰阳和也。）
○ 阳气者，大怒则形气绝，而血菀于上，使人薄厥。（续解：此戒喜怒不节，过用病生也。然怒则伤肾，甚则气绝。大怒则气逆而阳不下行，阳逆故血积于心胸之内矣。然阴阳相薄，气血奔并，因薄厥生，故曰薄厥。经曰：怒则气逆，甚则呕血，是也。菀，积也；薄，迫也。）
○ 有伤于筋，纵缓其若不容。（续解：怒而过用，气或迫筋，筋络内伤，机关纵缓，形容痿发，若不维持。）
○ 汗出偏沮，使人偏枯。（续解：身常偏汗出而润湿者，久久偏枯。）
○ 半身不随，汗出见湿，乃生痤疿。（续解：阳气发泄，寒水制之，热怫内余，郁于皮里，甚为痤疖，微作疿疮风瘾。不忍之人汗出淋洗，则结为痤疿。）
○ 膏粱之变，足生大丁。（续解：膏粱之人，内多滞热，皮浓肉疏，故内变为丁矣。足，饶也，多也。）
○ 劳汗当风，寒薄为皶，郁乃痤。（续解：时月寒凉，形劳汗发，凄风外薄，肤腠居寒，脂液凝蓄，玄府根据空渗涸，皶刺长于皮中，形如米或如针。久者上黑，长分余色黄白而螈于玄府中，俗曰粉刺。解表已痤，谓色赤，内蕴血脓，形小而大如酸枣。此皆阳气内郁所为，持软攻之，大甚病出之。）
○ 阳气者，精则养神，柔则养筋。（续解：此又明阳气之运养也。阳气者，内化精微以养神，外为柔和以养筋。动静失宜，则生诸疾。）
○ 开阖不得，寒气从之，乃生大偻。（续解：开阖失宜，为寒所袭，则筋络拘软，形容偻俯矣。灵枢曰：寒则筋急，此其类也。）
○ 陷脉为疡，留连肉腠。（因上文言，若寒气下陷于脉中，则为疡，肉腠相连。）
○ 营气不从，逆于肉理，乃生痈肿。（续解：营逆则血郁，血郁则热聚为脓，故为痈肿。正理论云：热之所过，则为痈肿。）
○ 魄汗未尽，形弱而气烁，穴俞以闭，发为风疟。（续解：汗出未止，形弱气消，风寒薄之，穴俞随闭，热藏不出，以至于秋。秋阳复收，雨热相合，故令振栗，寒热相移，以所起为风，故为风疟。故下文云：）
○ 风者，百病之始也。清静则肉腠闭拒，虽有大风苛毒，弗之能害。（续解：目无嗜欲，心无淫邪，起居有度，不妄作劳，是为清静。故肉腠闭，皮肤密，真气内固，虚邪不侵。虽大风苛毒，弗能害之也。）
○ 病久则传化，上下不并，良医弗为。（续解：不并，不交通也。病之深久，变化相传，上下不通，阴阳否隔，虽良医妙法，莫能为也。经曰：善针者，从阴引阳，从阳引阴。若气相格拒，良医莫为。）
○ 阳蓄积病死，而阳气当隔，隔者当泻。（续解：言三阳蓄积，怫结不通，不急泻之，亦病而死。何者？蓄积不已，亦上下不并矣。何以验之？隔塞不便，则其症也。若不急泻，必见败亡。经曰：三阳结谓之格，是也。）
○ 风客淫气，精乃亡，邪伤肝也。（淫气者，阴阳之乱气也。因其乱而见客之，则伤精。伤精则邪入于肝。风喜伤肝也。王注：经曰：风气通于肝。风薄则热起，热盛则水干，水干则肾气不营，故精乃无也。亡，无也。）
○ 因而饱食，筋脉横解，肠澼为痔。（续解：甚饱则肠胃横满，肠胃满则筋脉解而不属，故肠澼而为痔。经曰：饮食自倍，肠胃乃伤。此伤之信也。）
○ 因而大饮，则气逆。（续解：饮多则肺布叶举，故气逆而上奔。）
○ 因而强力，肾气乃伤，高骨乃坏。（续解：强力入房，则精耗。精耗则肾伤，肾伤则髓气内枯，故高骨坏而不用也。谓腰之高骨。）
○ 春伤于风，邪气留连，乃为洞泄。夏伤于暑，秋为瘅疟。秋伤于湿，上逆为咳，发为痿厥。冬伤于寒，春必病温。四时之气，更伤五脏。（阴阳应象曰：春伤于风，夏生飧泄；夏伤于暑，秋必瘅疟；秋伤于湿，冬生咳嗽；冬伤于寒，春必病温。与上论大同小异。王安道曰：按此四章，诸家注释多失经旨，盖由推求太过也。夫风暑湿寒四气之伤，人人岂能于未发病之前预知其客于何经络、何脏腑、何部分而成何病乎？及其既发病，然后可以诊候，始知其客于某经络、某脏腑、某部分成某病耳。洞泄也，瘅疟也，咳与痿厥也，温病也，皆是因其发动之时，形诊昭着，乃逆推之而知其昔者致病之原，为伤风、伤暑、伤湿、伤寒耳。非是初受伤时能预定其必为此病也。且伤四气，有当时发病者，有过时发病者，有久而后发病者，有过时之久自消散不成病者。何哉？盖由邪气之传变聚散不常，及正气之虚实不等故也。且以伤风言之，其当时而发，则为恶风、发热、头疼、自汗、咳嗽、喘促等病；其过时与久而发，则为厉风、热中、寒中、偏枯、五脏之风等病。是则洞泄、飧泄者，乃过时而发之中之一病耳。因洞泄、飧泄之病生，以形诊推之，则知其为春伤风，藏蓄不散而致此也。苟洞泄、飧泄之病未生，孰能知其已伤风于前，将发病于后耶？假如过时之久自消散而不成病者，人亦能知之乎？夏伤暑为瘅疟，冬伤寒为温病，意亦类此。但湿长夏之令，何于秋言之？盖春夏冬各有三月，故其令亦各就本时而行也。若长夏则寄旺于六月之一月耳。秋虽亦有三月，然长夏之湿令每侵过于秋而行，故曰秋伤于湿。且四气所伤所病之义，盖风者春之令也，春感之，偶不即发，而至夏，邪既不散，则必为疾。其所以为洞泄者，风盖天地浩荡之气，飞扬鼓舞，神速不常。人身有此，则肠胃之职，其能从容传化、泌别而得其常乎？故水谷不及分别，而并趋下以泄出也。暑者夏之令也，夏感之，偶不即发，而至秋，又伤于风与寒，故为瘅疟。寒者冬之令也，冬感之，偶不即发，而至春，其身中之阳虽始为寒邪所郁，不得顺其渐升之性，然亦必欲应时而出，故发温病也。秋伤湿，前篇所谓上逆而咳，发为痿厥，不言过时，似是当时即发者。但既与风暑寒三者并言，则此岂得独为即发者乎？然经无明文，终亦不敢比同后篇便断然以为冬发病也。虽然，湿本长夏之令，侵过于秋耳。纵使即发，亦近于过时发者矣。此当只以秋发病为论。湿从下受，故肝肺为咳，谓之上逆。夫肺为诸气之主，今既有病，则气不外运，又湿滞经络，故四肢痿弱无力而或厥冷也。后篇所谓冬生咳嗽，既言过时，则与前篇之义顾不同矣。夫湿气久客不散，至冬而寒气大行，肺恶寒而或受伤，故湿气得以乘虚上侵于肺，发为咳嗽也。或者见素问于病湿瘅疟等以必言之，遂视为一定不易之辞。殊不知经中每有似乎一定不易之论，而却不可以为一定不易者。如曰：热厥因醉饱入房而得，热中、消中皆富贵人，新沐中风则为首风。如此之类，岂一一皆然哉？读者当活法，勿拘执也。王启玄注虽未免泥于必字及未得经旨，却不至太远也。○成无已注似太远矣，然犹未至于甚也。若王海藏推求过极，乖悖经旨，有不可胜言者。○秋令为燥，然秋之三月，前近于长夏，其不及则为湿所胜，其太过则同于火化，其平气则又不伤人。此经所以于伤人止言风暑湿寒而不言燥也。或曰：五运六气七篇叙燥之为病甚多，何哉？曰：运气七篇与素问诸篇自是两书，作于二人之手，其立意各有所主，不可混言。王冰以为七篇参入素问之中，本非素问原文也。予今所推之义，乃是素问本旨，当自作一意看。生气通天论）
○ 风成为寒热（经曰：因于露风，乃生寒热，是也。）
○ 瘅成为消中（续解：瘅谓湿热也。热积于内，故变为消中。校正云：多食数溲为消中。王注：善食而瘦，乃食㑊也。）
○ 厥成为巅疾（续解：厥气逆也。气逆上而不已，则变为上巅之疾。）
○ 久风为飧泄（愚谓：此即春伤风夏飧泄也。）
○ 脉风成于疠（续解：经曰：风寒客于脉而不去，名曰疠风。脉要精微论。）
○ 大骨枯槁，大肉陷下（皮肤干着骨间，肉陷也。诸附骨际及空窍处亦同其类。）
○ 胸中气短，喘息不便（续解：肺无主也。）
○ 其气动形，期六月死，真脏脉见，乃予之期日（续解：肺司治节气息由之。其气动形，为无气相接，故耸举肩背以远求报气矣。夫如是，皆形脏已败，神脏亦伤。见是症者，则后一百八十日内死矣。候见真脏之脉，乃与死日之期尔。此肺之藏也。）
○ 大骨枯槁，大肉陷下，胸中气满，喘息不便，内痛引肩项，身热，脱肉破䐃，真脏见，十月之内死（肉脱䐃如破也。肉之标肘膝后肉如块者，阴气微弱，阳气内燔，故身热也。脾主肉，故肉如脱尽，䐃如破败也。此脾之藏也。真脏见，恐当作未见。若真脏见，则十月之内当作十日之内。）
○ 大骨枯槁，大肉陷下，肩髓内消（缺盆深也），动作益衰（交接渐微），真脏未见，期一岁死，见其真脏，乃予之期日（此肾之藏。）
○ 大骨枯槁，大肉陷下，胸中气满，喘息不便，内痛引肩项，期一月死，真脏见，乃予之期日（续解：火精外出，阳气……
Diseases of the Zang organs are treated at their Shu (Stream) points; diseases of the Fu organs are treated at their He (Sea) points; edema is treated at their Jing (River) points. (This summarizes the main idea of the chapter. ○ Where the pulse qi flows into is called Shu, where it travels is called Jing, and where it enters is called He; see *Lun Ke*.) ○ The Yellow Emperor said: I have heard that those who speak well of Heaven must have verification in human affairs; those who speak well of antiquity must align with the present; those who speak well of others must find satisfaction in themselves (or: must be validated by themselves). (The question asked is very broad, but the following text only addresses sudden pain of the five Zang organs. If one can do so, then the Dao will not be confused, and the essentials and numbers [laws] will be exhausted. This is called "Ming Ming" [clearly understanding]. Continued interpretation: Knowing only the superficial form cannot ensure longevity; only by quiet contemplation of oneself can one align with others, hence "must have satisfaction in oneself." By doing so, one grasps the essence and exhausts the laws without doubt, deeply comprehending the highest principles, thus achieving this state.) Now I ask you, Master, hoping to know the condition through words, see the pathology through observation, obtain signs through palpation, and verify it on myself, just as lifting a veil or resolving confusion. May I hear your explanation? Qi Bo said: What aspect of the Dao do you wish to inquire about? The Yellow Emperor said: I wish to hear what qi causes sudden pain in the five Zang organs. Qi Bo said: The qi of the meridians flows endlessly, circling around without rest. When cold pathogen enters the meridians, its flow becomes sluggish, stagnant, and obstructed. If the guest pathogen is outside the vessels, blood volume decreases; if it is inside the vessels, qi mechanism becomes blocked. Thus, sudden pain occurs.
The Yellow Emperor said: Regarding this pain, some stops suddenly, some is severe and unceasing, some is so painful it cannot be pressed, some ceases upon pressing, some is unaffected by pressing, some has a pulsating sensation under the fingers, some involves mutual pulling pain between the heart and back, some between the hypochondrium and lower abdomen, some abdominal pain radiating to the inner thigh, some chronic pain forming accumulations, some sudden severe pain leading to unconsciousness followed by recovery, some accompanied by vomiting, some with diarrhea, some with chest tightness and obstruction. These various pains differ in form; how should they be distinguished?
Qi Bo said: When cold lodges outside the vessels, the vessels become cold; cold vessels contract and curl; contraction leads to vessel tension; tension pulls on small collaterals externally, causing sudden pain. Upon exposure to heat, the pain stops immediately. (Interpretation: Vessels circle left and right. Cold causes contraction and tension, blocking Wei Qi flow, pulling on small collaterals. When Wei Qi does not enter, cold forces vessel tension, causing pain. Heat allows Wei Qi to resume flow and cold retreats, stopping pain.) If subjected to repeated cold, the pain persists. (Interpretation: Heavy cold is hard to dispel, so pain lasts long.) When cold lodges in the meridians and clashes with heat, the vessels become full and large; fullness causes severe pain that cannot be pressed. (This likely means severe unceasing pain.) Cold stagnates, heat follows, vessels swell, blood and qi become chaotic, causing severe pain resistant to pressure. (Interpretation: With swollen vessels and chaotic blood/qi, pressing drives evil inward, hence resistance.) When cold lodges between the intestines/stomach and below the membrane source, blood cannot disperse, small collaterals tighten and pull, causing pain; pressing disperses blood and qi, relieving pain. (Interpretation: The membrane source lies between diaphragm layers. Blood dispersion refers to small collaterals and muscle blood. Full collaterals tighten, causing pulling pain. Pressing disperses cold and relaxes collaterals, stopping pain.) When cold lodges in the vessels alongside the spine, deep pressing cannot reach the site, so pressing is ineffective. (Interpretation: The Du Mai runs along the spine; Foot Taiyang runs beside it. Deep pressing fails because the Du Mai is deep within the spine and Taiyang penetrates the paraspinal muscles. Pressing the center curves the spine; pressing the sides contracts the muscles. Muscle contraction blocks Wei Qi, gathering more cold internally, making pressing useless.) When cold lodges in the Chong Mai, which originates at Guanyuan (CV4), three cun below the umbilicus, running straight up the abdomen. Cold lodges, blocking the vessel; blockage causes qi rebellion, resulting in a pulsating sensation under the hand. (Interpretation: Chong Mai rises from Guanyuan, meets the throat. Blockage causes Foot Shaoyin qi to rise and fill. Since Chong Mai runs parallel with Shaoyin, pulsation is felt. Although originating at Guanyuan, its root stems from the Kidney.) When cold lodges in the Back-Shu vessels, blood vessels become stagnant; stagnation leads to blood deficiency; deficiency causes pain. The Shu points connect to the Heart, causing mutual pulling pain between the heart and back. (Interpretation: Back-Shu refers to Xinshu, part of Foot Taiyang. Shu points connect internally to Zang organs, hence connection to Heart causes pulling pain.) Pressing brings warmth; warmth arrival stops pain. (The preceding thirteen characters are unclear.) When cold lodges in the Jueyin vessels, which link to the genitalia and connect to the Liver, blood stagnates and vessels tense, causing pulling pain between the hypochondrium and lower abdomen. Jueyin rebellious qi affects the inner thigh (also Jueyin Liver qi); cold ascends to the lower abdomen, blood stagnates below, causing intestinal pain radiating to the thigh. When cold lodges in the membrane source between the Small Intestine and collateral vessels, blood stagnates and cannot enter major meridians; blood and qi stagnate, eventually forming accumulations over time. (Interpretation: Blood coagulates due to cold, forming accumulations.) When cold lodges in the five Zang organs, causing Jueyin rebellion and upward leakage, Yin qi exhausts, Yang qi fails to enter, leading to sudden severe pain and unconsciousness. If Qi returns, life is preserved. (Interpretation: Organ Qi is blocked by cold; return of flow restores function.) When cold lodges in the intestines/stomach, Jueyin rebels upward, causing pain and vomiting. (Interpretation: Cold stagnation prevents Yang descent, forcing it upward. Cold causes pain; upward Yang causes vomiting.) When cold lodges in the Small Intestine, it cannot perform its storing function, leading to diarrhea and abdominal pain. (Interpretation: Small Intestine receives and ripens; fullness repels cold, preventing accumulation and transmission to Large Intestine. Food passes through quickly, causing diarrhea and pain.) When heat remains in the Small Intestine, intestinal pain occurs; damp-heat scorches and dries, causing hard stool retention, leading to pain and obstipation.
The Yellow Emperor said: What is meant by "knowable through speech"? How is "visible through observation"? Qi Bo said: The five Zang and six Fu organs have specific areas on the face. (Interpretation: Facial regions correspond to organs.) Observe the five colors: yellow and red indicate heat; white indicates cold; green and black indicate pain. (Interpretation: Heat yields yellow/red; lack of Yang/blood failure yields white; blood stagnation yields green/black pain.) This is "visible through observation."
The Yellow Emperor said: How is "obtainable through palpation"? (Interpretation: Palpating with hands.) Qi Bo said: Observe the pulse governing the disease. Firm pulses with blood stasis or sunken pulses can be detected by touch. (Note: In *Ju Tong Lun*, "Ju" should read "Cu".)
○ Due to cold, the body feels like burning charcoal; sweating dissipates the condition.
○ Due to summer-heat, sweating occurs; irritability causes panting and loud breathing; calmness leads to excessive talking. (Interpretation: This describes cold toxicity transforming into summer-heat disease in summer. Irritability is restlessness; calmness is stillness; "He" is loud sighing. Summer-heat requires sweating to release interior heat. If no irritability, interior heat with exterior coolness causes chaotic talking.)
○ Due to dampness, the head feels wrapped. Unresolved damp-heat shortens large tendons and lengthens small tendons. Shortening causes spasms; lengthening causes flaccidity.
○ Due to Qi stagnation, swelling occurs. Alternating affliction of the four extremities exhausts Yang Qi. (Commentary: Danxi states dampness is turbid Earth Qi. The head is the meeting of all Yang, high and vulnerable. Turbid Qi steams, blocking clear pathways, causing heaviness. Untreated, damp turns to heat. Heat injures blood, failing to nourish large tendons (spasms); damp injures small tendons, failing to bind bones (flaccidity). Chapter 4 mentions swelling due to Qi, but lacks follow-up, suggesting missing text. Wang Bing notes chronic Qi urgency plus damp-heat causes swelling. Evil grows strong while righteous Qi declines, blocking the four extremities where Yang Qi resides. Modern practitioners wrongly attribute knee swelling solely to wind.)
○ Due to exposure to wind, chills and fever arise.
○ Yang Qi, when subjected to excessive labor, expands; Essence exhausts; accumulated oppression in summer causes "Jian Jue" (Frying Reversal). (Hua Shou note: Oppression leads to reversal disease.) Blindness prevents sight; deafness prevents hearing; collapse resembles a breached dam, unstoppable. (Commentary: Wang Andao explains Yang Qi is harmonious body energy. Excessive labor causes expansion/extremity. Essence is Yin. Accumulation is depression. Water bursting is "Kui"; dam is "Du"; flowing water is "Yu". Two energies fill the body; normally correct, but pathological when extreme. Yang excess depletes Yin/Essence. Fire dominates in summer, causing extreme heat and upward rebellion, leading to blindness/deafness. This is extreme Yang exhaustion, spirit departure, irreparable like a broken dam. Wang Bing missed the meaning of "Du". Attributing this solely to sexual excess or interpreting "Zhang" as abdominal distension is incorrect. Wang Bing's note warns against abrupt lifestyle disruptions.)
○ Yang Qi, during great anger, severs form and Qi; blood pools above, causing "Bo Jue" (Thrusting Reversal). (Interpretation: Warns against emotional excess. Anger injures Kidney; severe anger reverses Qi, preventing Yang descent, causing blood pooling in chest/heart. Yin/Yang clash, blood/qi surge, causing thrusting reversal. Classic says: Anger reverses Qi, severe cases cause hematemesis. "Wan" means pool; "Bo" means thrust.)
○ Injury to tendons causes flaccidity and inability to support the body. (Interpretation: Excessive anger forces Qi into tendons, injuring collaterals, causing joint laxity and wasting.)
○ Hemihypohidrosis (one-sided sweating) leads to hemiplegia. (Interpretation: Chronic one-sided sweating leads to eventual paralysis.)
○ Half-body immobility with sweating exposed to dampness generates acne and pustules. (Interpretation: Yang Qi excretion blocked by cold/water; heat trapped in skin causes acne/pustules. Sweat washing exacerbates this.)
○ Rich diet changes lead to carbuncles. (Interpretation: Those eating rich foods retain internal heat; thick skin and loose flesh allow internal transformation into carbuncles. "Zu" means abundant.)
○ Labor sweat exposed to wind/cold creates comedones,郁 (stagnation) causes acne. (Interpretation: Cold weather, exertion, sweat, wind penetration, lipid stagnation in pores. Comedones appear as rice grains or needles, darkening over time. Acne is red, containing pus. All caused by internal Yang stagnation; treat gently to expel.)
○ Yang Qi refines to nourish Spirit; softens to nourish Tendons. (Interpretation: Yang transforms essence to nourish Spirit externally and softness to nourish Tendons. Improper movement/dynamics cause disease.)
○ Failure of opening/closing allows cold invasion, causing severe kyphosis. (Interpretation: Loss of regulation invites cold, tightening tendons and causing stooping. *Ling Shu* says cold causes tendon urgency.)
○ Sunken vessels cause ulcers lingering in flesh and interstices. (Interpretation: Cold sinking into vessels causes ulcers connected to flesh.)
→ Ying Qi disobedience, reversing in flesh texture, generates abscesses. (Interpretation: Ying reversal causes blood stasis; stasis generates heat and pus, forming abscesses. Theory says heat passage causes abscesses.)
○ Unfinished魄汗 (sweat), weak form, scorched Qi, closed acupoints, develop Wind Malaria. (Interpretation: Sweating continues, weakening Qi. Wind/cold closes pores, trapping heat. Autumn sun combines with rain, causing chills/fever shifts, termed Wind Malaria.)
○ Wind is the beginning of hundred diseases. Clarity and stillness close flesh interstices; even great wind/toxin cannot harm. (Interpretation: No desires, regulated lifestyle closes pores, secures True Qi, excludes evil. Great toxins cannot harm.)
○ Long illness transmits and transforms; upper/lower non-communication renders good physicians helpless. (Interpretation: Non-communication means lack of interaction. Deep illness causes chaos, blocking upper/lower and Yin/Yang. Even skilled doctors fail. Classic says: Good acupuncture draws Yin from Yang. If Qi rejects each other, doctors are helpless.)
○ Yang accumulation causes death; Yang obstruction requires purging. (Interpretation: Three Yang accumulation/blockage, if not purged urgently, leads to death. Obstruction manifests as constipation/blockage. Urgent purging prevents collapse. Classic says: Three Yang knotting is Ge obstruction.)
○ Wind guests disrupt Qi; Essence perishes; Evil injures Liver. (Disrupted Qi is chaotic Yin/Yang. Guest wind injures Essence, entering Liver. Wind favors Liver injury. Wang Bing: Wind connects to Liver; thinning causes heat; heat dries Water; Kidney Qi fails, Essence vanishes. "Wang" means perish.)
○ Overeating causes tendons/vessels to loosen; intestinal discharge becomes hemorrhoids. (Interpretation: Fullness distends intestines, loosening tendons/vessels, leading to hemorrhoids. Classic: Double food damages intestines/stomach.)
○ Excessive drinking causes Qi rebellion. (Interpretation: Too much fluid raises lung lobes, causing Qi to rush upward.)
○ Excessive strain injures Kidney Qi; high bones deteriorate. (Interpretation: Sexual excess耗 Essence, injuring Kidney, drying Marrow, damaging lumbar vertebrae.)
○ Spring wind injury lingers, causing洞泄 (profuse diarrhea) in summer. Summer heat injury causes瘅疟 (severe malaria) in autumn. Autumn dampness injury causes cough and flaccidity/reversal in winter. Winter cold injury causes Warm Disease in spring. Four seasons' Qi alternately injure Five Zang. (*Yin Yang Ying Xiang* parallels this. Wang Andao critiques rigid interpretations: One cannot predict exact meridian/organ involvement before onset. Diagnosis relies on symptoms appearing later. Wind/Damp/Heat/Cold injuries vary: immediate, delayed, chronic, or resolved. Wind causes immediate chills/fever or delayed paralysis/Liver wind. Diarrhea is a delayed manifestation. Summer heat/Autumn wind-cold cause malaria. Winter cold/Spring warmth cause warm diseases. Damp belongs to Late Summer but affects Autumn. Wind's dynamic nature disrupts digestion, causing diarrhea. Summer heat lingers to Autumn, combining with wind/cold for malaria. Winter cold suppresses Yang, releasing as Warm Disease in Spring. Damp usually affects Lung/Spleen, causing cough/flaccidity. Readers should apply flexible methods, not rigid rules. Wang Bing's notes are acceptable; Cheng Wuji too far; Wang Haizang erroneous. Dryness is Autumn's quality but often masked by damp/fire in early/late Autumn. The Five Yuns Six Qi chapters are separate works by different authors; Wang Bing inserted them. Hua Shou argues for reading *Su Wen* original intent separately.)
○ Wind becomes chills/fever (Classic: Exposure to wind causes chills/fever.)
○ Damp-heat becomes Xiao Zhong (excessive eating/thirst). (Interpretation: Damp-heat accumulates internally, transforming into Xiao Zhong. Correction: Frequent urination defines Xiao Zhong. Wang Bing: Eating well but losing weight is Shi Ji.)
○ Jue becomes Dian Ji (head diseases). (Interpretation: Jue is rebellion. Upward Qi stagnation becomes head disease.)
○ Chronic Wind becomes Sun Xie (undigested stool diarrhea). (Commentary: This corresponds to Spring Wind causing Summer diarrhea.)
○ Pulse Wind becomes Li (leprosy). (Interpretation: Classic: Wind/cold in pulse without exit is Li Feng. *Mai Yao Jing Wei Lun*.)
○ Large bones wither, large muscles sink. (Skin adheres to bone; muscles depress. Similar in bony prominences/orifices.)
○ Chest shortness of breath, difficult panting. (Interpretation: Lung loses control.)
○ Qi moves form, expected death in six months; True Zang pulse appearance gives death date. (Interpretation: Lung governs Qi/respiration. Moving form indicates Qi disconnect, shoulder shrugging. Form/Zang exhausted, Spirit injured. Death within 180 days. True Zang pulse confirms date. This is Lung storage.)
○ Large bones wither, muscles sink, chest fullness, panting, internal pain pulling shoulders/neck, body heat, muscle wasting, True Zang pulse, death within ten months. (Muscle wasting like broken skin. Elbow/knee muscles vanish due to weak Yin/internal burning Yang. Spleen governs flesh. True Zang pulse likely means "not yet seen"; if seen, death would be within ten days. This is Spleen storage.)
○ Large bones wither, muscles sink, shoulder marrow consumes (deep clavicle area), movement declines, True Zang not yet seen, expected death in one year; True Zang pulse gives date. (This is Kidney storage.)
○ Large bones wither, muscles sink, chest fullness, panting, internal pain pulling shoulders/neck, expected death in one month; True Zang pulse gives date. (Fire essence exits, Yang...