辅行诀脏腑用药法要
梁·华阳隐居 陶弘景撰
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隐居曰：凡学道辈，欲求永年，先须祛疾。或有夙痼，或患时恙，一依五脏补泻法例，服药数剂，必使脏气平和，乃可进修内视之道。不尔，五精不续，真一难守，不入真景也。服药祛疾，虽系微事，亦初学之要领也。诸凡杂病，服药汗吐后，邪气虽[难]平，精气被夺，致令五脏虚疲，当即据证服补汤数剂以补之。不然，时日久旷，或变为损证，则生死转侧耳。谨钭五脏虚实证候悉列于左，庶几识别无误焉。
辨肝脏病证文并方
肝虚则恐，实则怒。
肝病者，必两胁下痛，痛引少腹。虚则目无所见，耳有所闻，心澹澹如人将捕之。气逆则耳聋，颊肿，治之取厥阴、少阳血者。
邪在肝，则两胁中痛。中寒恶血在内，则善瘛，节时肿。取之行间以引胁下，补三里以温[胃]中，取耳间青脉，以去其瘛。
陶云：肝德在散。故经云：以辛补之，以酸泻之。肝苦急，急食甘以缓之，适其性而衰也。
小泻肝汤
治肝实两胁下痛，痛引少腹迫急[当有干呕]者方：
枳实（熬）芍药生姜各三两
上三味以清浆三升，煮，取一升，顿服之。不瘥，即重作服之。
大泻肝汤
治头痛目赤，多恚怒，胁下支满而痛，痛连少腹迫急无奈方：
枳实（熬）芍药甘草（炙）黄芩大黄生姜（切）各一两
上六味，以水五升，煮取二升，温分再服。
小补肝汤
治[心中]恐疑，时多恶梦，气上冲心，越汗出，头目眩运者方：
桂枝干姜五味子（各三两）枣（十二枚，去核，一方作薯蓣，当从）
上四味，以水八升，煮取三升，温服一升，日三服。心中悸者，[加]桂枝一两半；中满者，去枣；心中如饥者，还用枣；咳逆头苦痛者，加细辛一两半；四肢冷，小便难者，加附子一枚，炮。
大补肝汤
治肝气虚，其人恐惧不安，气自少腹上冲咽，呃声不止，头目苦眩，不能坐起，汗出，心悸，干呕不能食，脉弱而结者方：
桂枝干姜五味子（各三两）旋覆花代赭石（烧，一方作牡丹皮，当从）竹叶（各一两）大枣（十二个，去核，一方作薯蓣，；当从）
上七味，以水一斗，温服一升，日三夜一服[升]
辨心脏病证文并方
心虚则悲不已，心实则笑不休。
心病者，心胸内痛，胁下支满，膺背肩胛间痛，两臂内痛。虚则胸腹胁下与腰相引而痛。取其经手少阴、太阳，及舌下血者。其变，刺郄中血者。
邪在心，则病心中前，善悲，是眩仆，视有余不足崦调之。经云：“诸邪在心者，皆心胞代受，故证如是。”
陶云：心德在耎①。故经云：“以咸补之，苦泻之。心苦缓，急食酸以收之。”
小泻心汤
治心中卒急痛，胁下支满，气逆攻膺背肩胛间，不可饮食食之反笃者方：
龙胆草栀子（打，各三两）戎盐（如杏子大三枚，烧赤）
上三味，以酢三升，煮取一升，顿服。少顷，得吐瘥。
大泻心汤
治暴得心腹痛，痛如刀刺，欲吐不吐，欲下不下，心中懊憹，胁背胸支满迫急，无可奈者方：
龙胆草栀子（捣，各三两）苦参升麻（各二两）豉（半升）戎盐（如杏子大三枚）
上六味，服一升，当大吐，吐已必自泻下，即瘥（一方无苦参，有通草二两，当从）
小补心汤
治胸痹，心中痞满，气结在胸，时从胁下逆抢心，心痛无奈方：
栝蒌（一枚，捣）薤白（八两）半夏（半升，洗去滑）厚朴（炙，二两）桂枝（一两）
上六味，以白浆一斗煮取四或，每服二或，日再。（一方有杏仁半升，无半夏，当从）
心胞气实者，受外邪之动也，则胸胁支满，眩中澹澹大动，面赤，目黄，善笑不休；虚则血气少，善悲，久不已，发癫仆。
小泻心汤
治胸腹支满，心中跳动不安者方：
黄连黄芩大黄（各三两）
上三味，以麻沸汤三升，渍一食顷，绞去滓，顿。
大泻心汤
治心中怔忡不安，胸膺痞懑，口中苦，舌上生疮，面赤如新妆，或吐血，衄血，下血者方：
黄连黄芩芍药（各三两）干姜（炮）甘草（炙）大黄（各一两）
上六味，以水五升，煮取二升，温分再服，日二。
小补心汤
治血气虚少，心中动悸，时悲泣，烦中，汗出，气噫，脉结者方：
代赭石（烧赤，入酢浆中淬三次，打。一方作牡丹皮，当从）旋覆花竹叶（各二两）豉（一两，一方作山萸肉，当从）
上方四味，以不八升，煮取三升，温服一升，日三服，怔惊不发者，加代赭石，为四两半；烦热汗出者，去豉，加竹叶至四两半，身热还用豉；心中窒痛[心下痞满]者，加豉至四两半；气苦少者，加甘草三两；心下痞满者，去豉，加人参一两半；胸中冷而多唾者，加干姜一两半；咽中介介塞者，加旋覆花至四两半。
大补心汤
治心中虚烦，懊憹不发，怔忡如车马惊，饮食无味，干呕，气噫，时或多唾，其人脉结而微者方：
代赭石（烧赤，入酢头中淬三次，打。一方作牡丹皮，当从）旋覆花
竹叶（各三两）豉（一方作山萸肉，当从）人参甘草（炙）干姜（各一两）
上方七味，以水一斗，煮取四升，温服一升，日三夜一服。
辨脾脏病证文并方
脾实则腹满，殓泄；虚则四肢不用，五脏不安。
脾病者，必腹满肠鸣，溏泻，食不化；虚则身重，若饥，肉痛，足痿不收，行善瘛，脚下痛。
邪在脾，则肌肉痛，阳气不足，则寒中，肠鸣，腹痛；阴气不足，则善饥，绵调其三里。
陶云：脾德在缓。故经云：以甘补之，辛泻之；脾苦湿，急食苦以燥之。
小泻脾汤
治脾气实，下利清谷，里寒外热，腹冷，脉微者方：
附子（[一]枚，炮]干姜甘草（炙，各三两）
上三味，以水三升，煮取一升，顿服。
大泻脾汤
治腹中胀满，干呕不能食，欲利不理，或下利不止者方：
附子（一枚，炮）干姜（三两）黄芩大黄芍药[枳实]甘草（炙，各一两）
上方六味，以水五升，煮取二勤务员，温升再服，日二。
小补脾汤
治饮食不化，时自吐利，吐利已，心中苦饥；或心下痞满，脉微，无力，身重，足痿，善转筋者方：
人参甘草（炙）干姜（各三两）白术（一两）
上四味，以水八升，煮取三升，分三服，日三。苦脐上筑动者，去术，加桂四两；吐多者，去术，加生姜三两；下多者，仍用术；心中悸者加茯苓一分[两]；渴欲饮者，加术至四两半；腹中满者，去术，加附子，一枚，炮；腹中痛者，加人参一分[两]；寒者，加干姜一分[两]。
大补脾汤
治脾气大疲，饮食不化，呕吐下利，其人枯瘦如柴，立不可动转，口中苦干渴，汗出，气急，脉微而时微者方：
人参甘草（炙，各三两）干姜（三两）术麦门冬五味子旋覆花（一方作牡丹皮，当从，各一两）
上七味，以水一斗煮取四升，温分四服，日三夜一服。
辨肺脏病证候文并方
肺虚则鼻息不利；实则喘咳，凭胸仰息。
肺病者，必咳喘逆气，肩息，背痛，汗出憎风；虚则胸中痛，少气，不能报息，耳聋，咽干。
邪在肺，则皮肤痛，发寒热，上气喘，汗出，咳动肩背，取之膺中外腧，背第三椎旁，以手按之快然，乃刺之，取缺盆以越之。
陶云：肺德在收。故经云：“以酸补之，咸泻之；肺苦气上逆，食辛以散之，开腠理以通气也。”
小泻肺汤
治咳喘上气，胸中迫满，不可卧者方：
葶苈子（熬黑，捣如泥）大黄芍药（各三两）
上三味，以水三升，煮取二升，温分再服，喘定止后服。
大泻肺汤
治胸中有痰[疾？]涎，喘不得卧，大小便闷，身面肿迫潢，欲得气利者方：
葶苈子（熬）大黄芍药（各二两）甘草（炙）黄芩干姜（各一两）
上六味，以水五升，煮取二升，温分再服，日二服。
小补肺汤
治汗出口渴，少气不足息，胸中痛，脉虚者方：
麦门冬五味子旋覆花（各三两，一方作牡丹皮，可从）细辛（一两）
上四味，以水八升，煮取三升，每服一升，日三服。若胸中烦热者，去细辛，加海蛤一分[两]；若闷痛者，加细辛一分[两]；咳疾不出，脉结者，倍旋覆花为二[六]两；若眩冒者，去细辛，加泽泻一分[两]；咳而吐血者，倍麦门冬二[六]两；若烦渴者，去细辛，加粳米半升；涎多者，仍用细辛，加半夏半升，洗。
大补肺汤
治烦热汗邮，少气不足息，口干，耳聋，脉虚而快者方：
麦门冬五味子旋覆花（各三两，一方作牡丹皮，当从）细辛（一两）地黄竹叶甘（各一两）
上七味，以水一斗，煮取四升，温分四服，日三夜一服。
辨肾脏病证文并方
肾气虚则厥逆，实则腹满，面色正黑，泾溲不利。
肾病者，必腹大胫肿，身重，嗜寝[寐]；虚则腰中痛，大腹小腹痛，尻阴股、膝挛，足皆痛。
邪在肾，是骨痛，阴痹，阴痹者，按之不得，腹胀，腰痛，大便难，肩背项强痛，时眩仆，取之勇泉，昆仑，视有余者尽取之。
陶云：肾德在坚。故经云：“以苦补之，甘泻之；肾甘燥，急食咸以润之，至津液生也。”
小泻肾汤
治小便赤少，少腹满，[时足胫有者方]：
茯苓甘草黄芩（各三两）
上三味，以水三升，煮取一升，顿服。
大泻肾汤
治小便赤少，是溺血，少腹迫满而痛，腰如折，耳鸣者方：
茯苓甘草大黄黄芩（各三两）芍药干姜（各一两）
上方六味，以水五升，煮取二升，日二温服。
小补肾汤
治虚劳失精，腰痛，骨蒸羸瘦，脉快者方：
地黄竹叶甘草（各三两）泽泻（一两）
上四味，以水八升，煮取三升，日三服。若小便血者，去泽泻，加地榆一两[分]；若大便见血者，去泽泻，加伏龙肝如鸡子在；若苦遗精者，易生地黄为熟地黄；若小便冷，茎中痛，倍泽泻为二两；少腹苦迫急者，去泽泻，加牡丹皮一两[分]；小便不利者，仍用泽泻；心烦者，加竹叶；腹中热者，加栀子十四枚，打。
大补肾汤
治精气虚少，腰痛，肾痿，不可行走，虚热冲逆，头目眩，小便不利，脉软而快者方：
地黄竹叶甘草（各三两）泽泻桂枝干姜五味子（各一两）
上七味，以长流水一斗，煮取四升，渐分四服，日三服夜一服。
陶曰：又有泻方五首，以救诸病误治，致生变乱者也
泻肝汤
救误用吐法，其人神气素虚，有疾[痰]澼发动呕吐不止，惊烦不宁方：
枳实（熬）芍药代赭石（一方作牡丹皮，当从）旋覆花竹叶（各三两，一方有生姜，当从）
上方五味，以水七升，煮取三升，温分再服。
泻心汤
救误用清下，其人阳气素实，外邪乘虚陷入，致心下痞满，食不下，利反不止，雷鸣腹痛方：
黄连黄芩人参甘草（炙）干姜（各三两，一方有大枣）
上方五味，以水七升，煮取三升，温分再服
泻脾汤
救误用冷寒，其人阴气素实，卫气不通，致腹中滞胀，反寒不已方：
附子（炮）干姜麦冬五味子旋覆花（各三两，一方有细辛三两）
上方五味，以水七升，煮取三升，温分再服。
泻肺汤
救误用火法，其人血素躁，致令神识迷妄如痴，吐血、衄血、胸中烦满，气结
葶苈子（熬黑，捣如泥）大黄生地黄竹叶甘草（各三两）
上方五味，以水七升，煮取三升，温分再服。
泻肾汤
救误用汗法，其人阳气素虚，致令阴气逆升，心中悸动不安，冒，汗出不止
茯苓甘草桂枝生姜五味子（各三两）
止方五味，以水七升，煮取三或，温分再服。
陶云：经方有救诸劳损病方，亦有五首，然综观共要义，盖不外虚候方加减而已，录出以备修真之辅，拯人之危也。然其方意深妙，非俗浅所识，缘诸损候，藏气互乘，虚实杂错，药味寒热并行，补泻相参，先圣遗奥，出人意表，汉晋以还，诸名医辈，张机、卫汜 [汛]、华元化、吴普、皇甫玄晏、支法师、葛稚川、范将军等，皆当代名贤，咸师式此，《汤液经法》愍救疾苦，造福含灵，其间增减，虽各擅其异，或致新效，似乱旧经，而其旨趣，仍方圆之于规矩也。
辅行诀脏腑用药法要（下）
梁华阳隐居陶弘景撰
养生补肝汤
治肝虚，筋极，腹中坚澼，大便閟塞方：
蜀椒（汗，一升）桂心（三两）韭叶（切，一把）芍药（三两）芒硝（半斤）胡麻油（一升）
上六味，以水五升，称煮椒、椒、韭叶、区药，取得三升，去滓，纳芒硝于内，待消已，即停火，将麻油倾入，乘热，急以桑枝三枚，各长尺许，不住手搅，令与芍药和合为度，共得三升，温分三他，一日尽之。
调中补心汤
治心劳脉极，心中烦悸神识慌惚方：
旋覆花（一升，一方作牡丹皮四两，当从）栗子（打去壳，十二枚）葱叶（十四茎）豉（半斤，一方作山萸肉，当从）栀子（十四枚，打）人参（三两，切）
上方六味，以清酒四升，水六升，煮取三升，渐分三他，日三。
建中补脾汤
治脾虚肉极，羸唐如柴，腹中拘急，四肢无力方：
甘草（炙，二两）大枣（十二枚，去核）生姜（三两，切）黄饴（一升）桂枝（二两）芍药（六两）
上六味，以水七升，煮取三升，去滓，纳饴，更上火，令消已，温服一升，日尽之。
辅行诀脏腑用药法要
梁代·华阳隐居 陶弘景 撰写
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隐居者说：凡是修习道术的人，想要求得长寿，必须先祛除疾病。或者是有旧疾宿患，或者是患有时行疫病，一律依照五脏补泻的方法法则，服用几剂药物，必须使脏气平和，然后才可以进修内视（一种通过静坐冥想观察体内景象的修炼方法）的道法。如果不这样做，五脏的精气无法接续，真一（指人的元神或生命本源）难以坚守，就无法进入真正的仙境境界。服药祛病，虽然看似是小事，也是初学者的要领。所有各种杂病，在服用发汗、催吐等疗法后，邪气虽然[难]以平息，但精气被耗夺，导致五脏虚弱疲惫，应当立即根据证候服用补益汤药几剂来补益。不然的话，时间久了，可能会转变为虚损证，那么生死也就在一瞬间了。谨将五脏虚实证的证候全部列在下面，希望识别无误。
辨肝脏病证文并方
肝虚则恐惧，肝实则易怒。
肝病的人，必定两胁下疼痛，疼痛牵引至小腹。虚证则眼睛看不见东西，耳朵听到幻听，心中悸动不安好像有人要抓捕自己。气逆则耳聋，脸颊肿胀，治疗时取厥阴经、少阳经的血络放血。
邪气在肝，则两胁中间疼痛。如果中寒且有恶血在内，则容易抽搐，关节时常肿胀。取行间穴以引导胁下的气机，补三里穴以温暖[胃]中，取耳间的青色脉络，以去除抽搐。
陶弘景说：肝的德性在于疏散。所以经典说：用辛味补益它，用酸味泻除它。肝苦于拘急，急忙食用甘味药来缓和它，顺应其本性而使其衰退。
小泻肝汤
治疗肝实导致的两胁下疼痛，疼痛牵引小腹且迫急[可能有干呕]的方子：
枳实（炒制）芍药生姜各三两
以上三味药，用清浆水三升，煎煮，取汁一升，一次性服下。如果没好，就重新制作再服用。
大泻肝汤
治疗头痛目赤，多愤怒，胁下支撑胀满而痛，疼痛连及小腹迫急无奈的方子：
枳实（炒制）芍药甘草（炙烤）黄芩大黄生姜（切片）各一两
以上六味药，用水五升，煎煮取二升，温服，分两次服用。
小补肝汤
治疗[心中]恐惧疑虑，时常多做恶梦，气向上冲心，出汗，头目眩晕的方子：
桂枝干姜五味子（各三两）枣（十二枚，去核，另一版本作薯蓣，应当遵从原文）
以上四味药，用水八升，煎煮取三升，温服一升，每天三次。心中悸动的，[加]桂枝一两半；中焦胀满的，去掉枣；心中感觉像饥饿一样的，还用枣；咳嗽气逆头部痛苦的，加细辛一两半；四肢冷，小便困难的，加附子一枚，炮制。
大补肝汤
治疗肝气虚，人恐惧不安，气从小腹上冲咽喉，呃逆声不止，头目痛苦眩晕，不能坐起，出汗，心悸，干呕不能进食，脉弱而结代的方子：
桂枝干姜五味子（各三两）旋覆花代赭石（烧制，另一版本作牡丹皮，应当遵从）竹叶（各一两）大枣（十二个，去核，另一版本作薯蓣；应当遵从）
以上七味药，用水一斗，温服一升，白天三次，晚上一次服[升]
辨心脏病证文并方
心虚则悲伤不已，心实则笑个不停。
心病的人，心胸内部疼痛，胁下支撑胀满，胸膺背部肩胛间疼痛，两臂内侧疼痛。虚证则胸腹胁下与腰部相互牵引而痛。取手少阴经、手太阳经，以及舌下血络放血。如果有变化，刺委中穴放血。
邪气在心，则病在心中前方，容易悲伤，这是眩晕跌倒，查看有余不足而调和它。经典说：“所有邪气在心者，都由心包代为承受，所以证候是这样。”
陶弘景说：心的德性在于柔软①。所以经典说：“用咸味补益它，用苦味泻除它。心苦于弛缓，急忙食用酸味药来收敛它。”
小泻心汤
治疗心中突然剧烈疼痛，胁下支撑胀满，气逆攻冲胸膺背部肩胛间，不能饮食，吃了反而加重的方子：
龙胆草栀子（捣碎，各三两）戎盐（如杏子大三枚，烧红）
以上三味药，用醋三升，煎煮取一升，一次性服下。过一会儿，通过呕吐而痊愈。
大泻心汤
治疗暴发性心腹痛，痛如刀刺，想吐吐不出，想拉拉不下，心中烦闷懊恼，胁背胸部支撑胀满迫急，无可奈何的方子：
龙胆草栀子（捣碎，各三两）苦参升麻（各二两）豉（半升）戎盐（如杏子大三枚）
以上六味药，服一升，应当大吐，吐完必然自泻下，随即痊愈（另一版本无苦参，有通草二两，应当遵从）
小补心汤
治疗胸痹，心中痞塞胀满，气结在胸，时常从胁下逆抢心，心痛无奈的方子：
栝蒌（一枚，捣碎）薤白（八两）半夏（半升，洗去滑腻）厚朴（炙烤，二两）桂枝（一两）
以上六味药，用白浆水一斗煮取四升，每次服二升，每天两次。（另一版本有杏仁半升，无半夏，应当遵从）
心包气实者，是受外邪扰动所致，则胸胁支撑胀满，心中澹澹大动，面红，目黄，喜欢笑个不停；虚证则血气少，容易悲伤，久了不愈，发为癫狂仆倒。
小泻心汤
治疗胸腹支撑胀满，心中跳动不安的方子：
黄连黄芩大黄（各三两）
以上三味药，用沸水三升，浸泡一顿饭的时间，绞去渣滓，一次性服下。
大泻心汤
治疗心中怔忡不安，胸膺痞闷，口中苦，舌上生疮，面红如新妆，或者吐血，鼻出血，便血的方子：
黄连黄芩芍药（各三两）干姜（炮制）甘草（炙烤）大黄（各一两）
以上六味药，用水五升，煎煮取二升，温服，分两次服用，每天两次。
小补心汤
治疗血气虚少，心中动悸，时常悲伤哭泣，烦闷，出汗，打嗝，脉结代的方子：
代赭石（烧红，入醋浆中淬炼三次，捣碎。另一版本作牡丹皮，应当遵从）旋覆花竹叶（各二两）豉（一两，另一版本作山萸肉，应当遵从）
以上四味药，用水八升，煎煮取三升，温服一升，每天三次。怔惊不发的，加代赭石，共四两半；烦热出汗的，去掉豉，加竹叶至四两半，身热的还用豉；心中窒痛[心下痞满]的，加豉至四两半；气不足的，加甘草三两；心下痞满的，去掉豉，加人参一两半；胸中冷而多唾的，加干姜一两半；咽中介介堵塞感的，加旋覆花至四两半。
大补心汤
治疗心中虚烦，懊恼不发，怔忡如车马惊骇，饮食无味，干呕，打嗝，时常或多唾，其人脉结而微弱的方子：
代赭石（烧红，入醋头中淬炼三次，捣碎。另一版本作牡丹皮，应当遵从）旋覆花
竹叶（各三两）豉（另一版本作山萸肉，应当遵从）人参甘草（炙烤）干姜（各一两）
以上七味药，用水一斗，煎煮取四升，温服一升，白天三次，晚上一次服。
辨脾脏病证文并方
脾实则腹部胀满，泄泻；脾虚则四肢不能用，五脏不安。
脾病的人，必定腹部胀满肠鸣，溏泻，食物不消化；虚证则身体沉重，好像饥饿，肌肉疼痛，足痿软不收，行走时常抽搐，脚下痛。
邪气在脾，则肌肉痛，阳气不足，则寒中，肠鸣，腹痛；阴气不足，则容易饥饿，调理其三里穴。
陶弘景说：脾的德性在于缓和。所以经典说：用甘味补益它，用辛味泻除它；脾苦于湿，急忙食用苦味药来燥湿。
小泻脾汤
治疗脾气实，下利清谷，里寒外热，腹冷，脉微弱的方子：
附子（[一]枚，炮制）干姜甘草（炙烤，各三两）
以上三味药，用水三升，煎煮取一升，一次性服下。
大泻脾汤
治疗腹部胀满，干呕不能进食，想拉拉不出来，或者下利不止的方子：
附子（一枚，炮制）干姜（三两）黄芩大黄芍药[枳实]甘草（炙烤，各一两）
以上六味药，用水五升，煎煮取二升，温服，分两次服用，每天两次。
小补脾汤
治疗饮食不化，时常自行吐利，吐利后，心中苦饥；或者心下痞塞胀满，脉微弱，无力，身体沉重，足痿，容易转筋的方子：
人参甘草（炙烤）干姜（各三两）白术（一两）
以上四味药，用水八升，煎煮取三升，分三次服，每天三次。如果脐上筑动感强烈，去掉白术，加桂枝四两；吐多的，去掉白术，加生姜三两；拉多的，仍用白术；心中悸动的加茯苓一分[两]；口渴想喝水的，加白术至四两半；腹部胀满的，去掉白术，加附子一枚，炮制；腹部痛的，加人参一分[两]；寒的，加干姜一分[两]。
大补脾汤
治疗脾气极度疲惫，饮食不化，呕吐下利，其人枯瘦如柴，站立不可转动，口中苦干渴，出汗，气急，脉微弱时而微弱的方子：
人参甘草（炙烤，各三两）干姜（三两）白术麦门冬五味子旋覆花（另一版本作牡丹皮，应当遵从，各一两）
以上七味药，用水一斗煮取四升，温服，分四次服，白天三次，晚上一次服。
辨肺脏病证候文并方
肺虚则鼻息不利；肺实则喘咳，倚胸仰面呼吸。
肺病的人，必定咳嗽气喘逆气，抬肩呼吸，背痛，出汗怕风；虚证则胸痛，气短，不能深呼吸，耳聋，咽干。
邪气在肺，则皮肤痛，发寒热，上气喘，出汗，咳嗽牵动肩背，取之膺中外腧，背部第三椎旁，用手按压感到舒适的，才针刺，取缺盆穴以宣越肺气。
陶弘景说：肺的德性在于收敛。所以经典说：“用酸味补益它，用咸味泻除它；肺苦于气上逆，食用辛味药以发散它，打开腠理以通气。”
小泻肺汤
治疗咳嗽气喘上逆，胸中迫满，不能卧睡的方子：
葶苈子（炒黑，捣如泥）大黄芍药（各三两）
以上三味药，用水三升，煎煮取二升，温服，分两次服用，喘定止后停服。
大泻肺汤
治疗胸中有痰[疾？]涎，喘不得卧，大小便闷滞，身面肿胀迫急，想要气利的方子：
葶苈子（炒制）大黄芍药（各二两）甘草（炙烤）黄芩干姜（各一两）
以上六味药，用水五升，煎煮取二升，温服，分两次服用，每天两次。
小补肺汤
治疗出汗口渴，气短不足以息，胸痛，脉虚的方子：
麦门冬五味子旋覆花（各三两，另一版本作牡丹皮，可从）细辛（一两）
以上四味药，用水八升，煎煮取三升，每次服一升，每天三次。如果胸中烦热的，去掉细辛，加海蛤一分[两]；如果闷痛的，加细辛一分[两]；咳疾不出，脉结代的，加倍旋覆花为二[六]两；如果眩晕冒昧的，去掉细辛，加泽泻一分[两]；咳嗽而吐血的，加倍麦门冬二[六]两；如果烦渴的，去掉细辛，加粳米半升；涎多的，仍用细辛，加半夏半升，洗。
大补肺汤
治疗烦热汗出，气短不足以息，口干，耳聋，脉虚而快的方子：
麦门冬五味子旋覆花（各三两，另一版本作牡丹皮，应当遵从）细辛（一两）地黄竹叶甘（各一两）
以上七味药，用水一斗，煎煮取四升，温服，分四次服，白天三次，晚上一次服。
辨肾脏病证文并方
肾气虚则四肢厥冷，实则腹部胀满，面色正黑，小便不利。
肾病的人，必定腹部大小腿肿，身体沉重，嗜睡；虚证则腰部痛，大腹小腹疼，臀部阴部大腿、膝盖挛缩，双脚都痛。
邪气在肾，则骨痛，阴痹，所谓阴痹，是指按之不得（痛点深在），腹胀，腰痛，大便难，肩背项强痛，时常眩晕跌倒，取之涌泉，昆仑，看有余的尽取之。
陶弘景说：肾的德性在于坚固。所以经典说：“用苦味补益它，用甘味泻除它；肾苦于燥，急忙食用咸味药来润燥，直到津液生成。”
小泻肾汤
治疗小便赤少，小腹满，[时常足胫有...]的方子：
茯苓甘草黄芩（各三两）
以上三味药，用水三升，煎煮取一升，一次性服下。
大泻肾汤
治疗小便赤少，尿血，小腹迫满而痛，腰如折断，耳鸣的方子：
茯苓甘草大黄黄芩（各三两）芍药干姜（各一两）
以上六味药，用水五升，煎煮取二升，每天两次温服。
小补肾汤
治疗虚劳失精，腰痛，骨蒸羸瘦，脉快的方子：
地黄竹叶甘草（各三两）泽泻（一两）
以上四味药，用水八升，煎煮取三升，每天三次服。如果小便带血的，去掉泽泻，加地榆一两[分]；如果大便见血的，去掉泽泻，加伏龙肝如鸡蛋大小；如果苦于遗精的，换生地黄为熟地黄；如果小便冷，茎中痛，加倍泽泻为二两；小腹苦于迫急的，去掉泽泻，加牡丹皮一两[分]；小便不利的，仍用泽泻；心烦的，加竹叶；腹中热的，加栀子十四枚，捣碎。
大补肾汤
治疗精气虚少，腰痛，肾痿，不可行走，虚热冲逆，头目眩晕，小便不利，脉软而快的方子：
地黄竹叶甘草（各三两）泽泻桂枝干姜五味子（各一两）
以上七味药，用长流水一斗，煎煮取四升，逐渐分四次服，白天三次，晚上一次服。
陶弘景说：又有五个泻方，用来救治各种疾病误治，导致产生变乱的状况。
泻肝汤
救治误用吐法，其人神气素来虚弱，有疾[痰]饮发动呕吐不止，惊烦不宁的方子：
枳实（炒制）芍药代赭石（另一版本作牡丹皮，应当遵从）旋覆花竹叶（各三两，另一方有生姜，应当遵从）
以上五味药，用水七升，煎煮取三升，温服，分两次服用。
泻心汤
救治误用清下法，其人阳气素来实盛，外邪乘虚陷入，致心下痞塞胀满，食不下，利反不止，雷鸣腹痛的方子：
黄连黄芩人参甘草（炙烤）干姜（各三两，一方有大枣）
以上五味药，用水七升，煎煮取三升，温服，分两次服用。
泻脾汤
救治误用冷寒法，其人阴气素来实盛，卫气不通，致腹部滞胀，反寒不已的方子：
附子（炮制）干姜麦冬五味子旋覆花（各三两，一方有细辛三两）
以上五味药，用水七升，煎煮取三升，温服，分两次服用。
泻肺汤
救治误用火法，其人血素来躁动，致令神识迷妄如痴，吐血、衄血、胸中烦满，气结
葶苈子（炒黑，捣如泥）大黄生地黄竹叶甘草（各三两）
以上五味药，用水七升，煎煮取三升，温服，分两次服用。
泻肾汤
救治误用汗法，其人阳气素来虚弱，致令阴气逆升，心中悸动不安，昏冒，汗出不止
茯苓甘草桂枝生姜五味子（各三两）
以上五味药，用水七升，煎煮取三升，温服，分两次服用。
陶弘景说：经方中有救治各种劳损病的方子，也有五个，然而综观其共同要义，大概不外乎虚候方的加减而已，录出来以备修真之辅助，拯救人之危难。然而其方意深妙，非俗浅所能认识，因为各种损候，脏气互相乘克，虚实错杂，药味寒热并行，补泻相参，先圣遗留的奥妙，出人意料，汉晋以来，各位名医辈出，张机、卫汛、华元化、吴普、皇甫玄晏、支法师、葛稚川、范将军等，都是当代名贤，都师法效法此《汤液经法》怜悯救助疾苦，造福众生，其中的增减，虽然各自擅长不同，或许产生新效，似乎扰乱旧经，但其旨趣，仍然是在规矩方圆之中。
辅行诀脏腑用药法要（下）
梁代华阳隐居陶弘景 撰写
养生补肝汤
治疗肝虚，筋极，腹部坚硬痞块，大便闭塞的方子：
蜀椒（出汗，一升）桂心（三两）韭叶（切，一把）芍药（三两）芒硝（半斤）胡麻油（一升）
以上六味药，用水五升，称煮椒、椒、韭叶、区药（此处疑为衍文或特定药材名，暂译），取得三升，去渣，纳芒硝于内，待消溶后，即停火，将麻油倾入，趁热，急以桑枝三枚，各长尺许，不住手搅，令与芍药和合为度，共得三升，温服，分三次，一天内喝完。
调中补心汤
治疗心劳脉极，心中烦悸神识慌惚的方子：
旋覆花（一升，一方作牡丹皮四两，应当遵从）栗子（打去壳，十二枚）葱叶（十四茎）豉（半斤，一方作山萸肉，应当遵从）栀子（十四枚，打）人参（三两，切）
以上六味药，用清酒四升，水六升，煎煮取三升，逐渐分三次服，每天三次。
建中补脾汤
治疗脾虚肉极，羸瘦如柴，腹部拘急，四肢无力的方子：
甘草（炙烤，二两）大枣（十二枚，去核）生姜（三两，切）黄饴（一升）桂枝（二两）芍药（六两）
以上六味药，用水七升，煎煮取三升，去渣，纳饴糖，更上火，令消溶后，温服一升，一天内喝完。
Fuxing Jue Zangfu Yongyao Fayao (Essentials of Organ Treatment in the Fuxing Jue)
Written by Tao Hongjing, the Recluse of Huayang, during the Liang Dynasty.
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The Recluse said: For those who practice the Dao and seek longevity, one must first eliminate diseases. Whether suffering from chronic ailments or seasonal illnesses, one should strictly follow the principles of tonifying and purging the five zang organs. After taking several doses of medicine, it is essential to restore the balance of the zang qi before proceeding with internal visualization practices. Otherwise, the essence of the five zang cannot be sustained, the True One (the primordial spirit or life source) will be difficult to preserve, and one cannot enter the realm of true visions. Although medication for disease removal seems trivial, it is a fundamental requirement for beginners. For all miscellaneous diseases, after administering sweating or emetic therapies, even if the pathogenic factors are [difficult] to subdue, the vital essence has been depleted, leading to weakness and fatigue of the five zang organs. In such cases, one should immediately administer tonic decoctions based on the syndrome to tonify the deficiency. If neglected over time, it may transform into a consumptive disorder, resulting in sudden death or survival. Herein, the syndromes of deficiency and excess of the five zang organs are listed below to ensure accurate identification.
Text and Formulas for Identifying Liver Diseases
Liver deficiency manifests as fear; liver excess manifests as anger.
In liver diseases, there is invariably pain under both hypochondria, radiating to the lower abdomen. In deficiency, vision is impaired, auditory hallucinations occur, and the heart palpitates anxiously as if someone were about to capture one. Qi rebellion causes deafness and cheek swelling; treatment involves bleeding the Jueyin and Shaoyang meridians.
When pathogenic factors reside in the liver, pain occurs in the center of both hypochondria. If cold invades and evil blood accumulates internally, spasms and intermittent joint swelling occur. Treat by stimulating Xingjian (LR2) to guide qi from the hypochondrium, tonify Zusanli (ST36) to warm the stomach, and bleed the blue vessels behind the ear to relieve spasms.
Tao Hongjing stated: The virtue of the liver lies in dispersion. Thus, the classics say: Tonify with pungent flavors, purge with sour flavors. When the liver suffers from tension, urgently consume sweet flavors to relax it, adapting to its nature to reduce excess.
Minor Purging Liver Decoction
Indicated for liver excess causing pain under both hypochondria radiating to the lower abdomen with urgency [and possibly dry heaving]:
Zhi Shi (Stir-fried Immature Bitter Orange), Bai Shao (White Peony Root), Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), each 3 liang.
These three ingredients are decocted in 3 sheng of Qingjiang water (fermented rice liquid). Reduce to 1 sheng and take in one dose. If not cured, prepare and administer another dose.
Major Purging Liver Decoction
Indicated for headache, red eyes, frequent anger, distending fullness and pain under the hypochondria radiating to the lower abdomen with unbearable urgency:
Zhi Shi (Stir-fried Immature Bitter Orange), Bai Shao (White Peony Root), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root), Da Huang (Rhubarb Root), Qie Sheng Jiang (Sliced Fresh Ginger), each 1 liang.
These six ingredients are decocted in 5 sheng of water. Reduce to 2 sheng. Take warm, divided into two doses.
Minor Tonifying Liver Decoction
Indicated for [mental] fear and suspicion, frequent nightmares, qi rushing upward to the chest, spontaneous sweating, dizziness, and vertigo:
Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit), each 3 liang; Zao (Jujube), 12 pieces, pitted (another version uses Yu Zhu, but follow the original text).
These four ingredients are decocted in 8 sheng of water. Reduce to 3 sheng. Take 1 sheng warm, three times daily. If palpitations are present, add Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig) 1.5 liang; if epigastric fullness exists, remove Zao (Jujube); if hunger sensations persist in the chest, retain Zao (Jujube); if coughing, counterflow qi, and severe head pain occur, add Xi Xin (Asarum Root) 1.5 liang; if limbs are cold and urination is difficult, add Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) 1 piece, prepared.
Major Tonifying Liver Decoction
Indicated for liver qi deficiency manifesting as fear and insecurity, qi rising from the lower abdomen to the throat with incessant hiccups, severe dizziness preventing sitting up, sweating, palpitations, dry heaving, inability to eat, and a weak, knotted pulse:
Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit), each 3 liang; Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower), Dai Zhe Shi (Hematite), each 1 liang (another version uses Mu Dan Pi, but follow the original); Zhu Ye (Bamboo Leaf), 1 liang; Da Zao (Jujube), 12 pieces, pitted (another version uses Yu Zhu; follow the original).
These seven ingredients are decocted in 1 dou of water. Take 1 sheng warm, three times during the day and once at night.
Text and Formulas for Identifying Heart Diseases
Heart deficiency manifests as unceasing sorrow; heart excess manifests as unceasing laughter.
In heart diseases, there is pain inside the chest and heart region, distending fullness under the hypochondria, pain in the anterior chest, back, and scapular region, and pain in the medial aspect of both arms. In deficiency, pain radiates between the chest/abdomen/hypochondria and the waist. Treatment involves needling the Hand-Shaoyin and Hand-Taiyang meridians and bleeding the sublingual vessels. If changes occur, bleed Xi Zhong (BL40).
When pathogenic factors reside in the heart, there is pain in the anterior chest, frequent sorrow, dizziness, and fainting. Adjust based on excess or deficiency. The classics state: "All pathogenic factors affecting the heart are borne by the Pericardium, hence these symptoms."
Tao Hongjing stated: The virtue of the heart lies in softness. Thus, the classics say: Tonify with salty flavors, purge with bitter flavors. When the heart suffers from laxity, urgently consume sour flavors to astringe it.
Minor Purging Heart Decoction
Indicated for sudden severe pain in the heart region, distending fullness under the hypochondria, qi rebelling to attack the anterior chest, back, and scapular region, inability to eat, and worsening upon eating:
Long Dan Cao (Gentian Root), Zhi Zi (Gardenia Fruit), each 3 liang (crushed); Rong Yan (Rock Salt), equivalent to three large apricot seeds, calcined.
These three ingredients are decocted in 3 sheng of vinegar. Reduce to 1 sheng and take in one dose. Shortly after, vomiting will occur, leading to recovery.
Major Purging Heart Decoction
Indicated for acute onset of heart and abdominal pain, stabbing sensation, desire to vomit but unable to, desire to defecate but unable to, profound mental restlessness, distending fullness and urgency in the hypochondria, back, and chest, with no relief:
Long Dan Cao (Gentian Root), Zhi Zi (Gardenia Fruit), each 3 liang (crushed); Ku Shen (Sophora Root), Sheng Ma (Cimicifuga Rhizome), each 2 liang; Chi (Fermented Soybean Paste), 0.5 sheng; Rong Yan (Rock Salt), equivalent to three large apricot seeds.
These six ingredients: take 1 sheng. Profuse vomiting and subsequent diarrhea will occur, leading to recovery (another version excludes Ku Shen and includes Tong Cao 2 liang; follow the original).
Minor Tonifying Heart Decoction
Indicated for Chest Bi (obstruction syndrome), epigastric痞满 (stagnation and fullness), qi stagnating in the chest, occasional rebellious qi rushing from the hypochondria to the heart, and unbearable heart pain:
Gua Lou (Trichosanthes Fruit), 1 piece (crushed); Xie Bai (Macrostemon Bulb), 8 liang; Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber), 0.5 sheng (washed to remove slipperiness); Hou Po (Magnolia Bark), stir-fried, 2 liang; Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig), 1 liang.
These six ingredients are decocted in 1 dou of Baijiang water (white fermented liquid). Reduce to 4 sheng. Take 2 sheng per dose, twice daily. (Another version includes Xing Ren 0.5 sheng and excludes Ban Xia; follow the original).
When the Pericardium qi is in excess due to external pathogenic invasion, symptoms include distending fullness in the chest and hypochondria, palpitations, facial redness, yellow eyes, and unceasing laughter. In deficiency, blood and qi are scant, leading to frequent sorrow; if prolonged without cure, it develops into epilepsy and fainting.
Minor Purging Heart Decoction (Pericardium)
Indicated for distending fullness in the chest and abdomen, and palpitations in the heart:
Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome), Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root), Da Huang (Rhubarb Root), each 3 liang.
These three ingredients are soaked in 3 sheng of boiling water for the duration of one meal. Strain and take in one dose.
Major Purging Heart Decoction (Pericardium)
Indicated for persistent palpitations, chest oppression, bitter taste in the mouth, oral ulcers, facial redness like makeup, hematemesis, epistaxis, or hematochezia:
Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome), Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root), Bai Shao (White Peony Root), each 3 liang; Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger, prepared), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Da Huang (Rhubarb Root), each 1 liang.
These six ingredients are decocted in 5 sheng of water. Reduce to 2 sheng. Take warm, divided into two doses, twice daily.
Minor Tonifying Heart Decoction (Pericardium)
Indicated for scant blood and qi, palpitations, frequent sorrowful weeping, irritability, sweating, belching, and a knotted pulse:
Dai Zhe Shi (Hematite), calcined and quenched three times in vinegar, crushed (another version uses Mu Dan Pi; follow the original); Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower), Zhu Ye (Bamboo Leaf), each 2 liang; Chi (Fermented Soybean Paste), 1 liang (another version uses Shan Yu Rou; follow the original).
These four ingredients are decocted in 8 sheng of water. Reduce to 3 sheng. Take 1 sheng warm, three times daily. If palpitations do not occur, add Dai Zhe Shi to total 4.5 liang; if irritability and sweating occur, remove Chi and add Zhu Ye to total 4.5 liang; if body heat persists, retain Chi; if chest obstruction/pain or epigastric fullness occurs, add Chi to total 4.5 liang; if qi deficiency is distressing, add Zhi Gan Cao 3 liang; if epigastric fullness exists, remove Chi and add Ren Shen 1.5 liang; if cold in the chest with excessive salivation occurs, add Gan Jiang 1.5 liang; if a sensation of blockage in the throat occurs, add Xuan Fu Hua to total 4.5 liang.
Major Tonifying Heart Decoction (Pericardium)
Indicated for mental deficiency with vexation, unresolved restlessness, palpitations like horses galloping, loss of appetite, dry heaving, belching, frequent salivation, and a weak, knotted pulse:
Dai Zhe Shi (Hematite), calcined and quenched three times in vinegar, crushed (another version uses Mu Dan Pi; follow the original); Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower), Zhu Ye (Bamboo Leaf), each 3 liang; Chi (Fermented Soybean Paste) (another version uses Shan Yu Rou; follow the original); Ren Shen (Ginseng Root), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), each 1 liang.
These seven ingredients are decocted in 1 dou of water. Reduce to 4 sheng. Take 1 sheng warm, three times during the day and once at night.
Text and Formulas for Identifying Spleen Diseases
Spleen excess manifests as abdominal fullness and diarrhea; spleen deficiency manifests as inability to use the limbs and instability of the five zang organs.
In spleen diseases, there is invariably abdominal fullness, borborygmus, loose stools, and indigestion. In deficiency, the body feels heavy, there is a sensation of hunger, muscle pain, foot weakness and flaccidity, intermittent spasms while walking, and foot pain.
When pathogenic factors reside in the spleen, muscle pain occurs. Yang qi deficiency leads to interior cold, borborygmus, and abdominal pain; yin qi deficiency leads to frequent hunger. Regulate Zusanli (ST36).
Tao Hongjing stated: The virtue of the spleen lies in moderation. Thus, the classics say: Tonify with sweet flavors, purge with pungent flavors; when the spleen suffers from dampness, urgently consume bitter flavors to dry it.
Minor Purging Spleen Decoction
Indicated for spleen qi excess with diarrhea of undigested food, interior cold with exterior heat, cold abdomen, and weak pulse:
Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root), 1 piece (prepared); Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), each 3 liang.
These three ingredients are decocted in 3 sheng of water. Reduce to 1 sheng and take in one dose.
Major Purging Spleen Decoction
Indicated for abdominal distension, dry heaving, inability to eat, desire to defecate but failure to pass stool, or intractable diarrhea:
Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root), 1 piece (prepared); Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), 3 liang; Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root), Da Huang (Rhubarb Root), Bai Shao (White Peony Root), [Zhi Shi], Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), each 1 liang.
These six ingredients are decocted in 5 sheng of water. Reduce to 2 sheng. Take warm, divided into two doses, twice daily.
Minor Tonifying Spleen Decoction
Indicated for indigestion, spontaneous vomiting and diarrhea, hunger after vomiting/diarrhea, epigastric fullness, weak and forceless pulse, heavy body, foot flaccidity, and frequent muscle cramps:
Ren Shen (Ginseng Root), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), each 3 liang; Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Rhizome), 1 liang.
These four ingredients are decocted in 8 sheng of water. Reduce to 3 sheng. Divide into three doses, three times daily. If there is a pounding sensation above the umbilicus, remove Bai Zhu and add Gui Zhi 4 liang; if vomiting is profuse, remove Bai Zhu and add Sheng Jiang 3 liang; if diarrhea is profuse, retain Bai Zhu; if palpitations occur, add Fu Ling 1 liang; if thirst and desire for water exist, increase Bai Zhu to 4.5 liang; if abdominal fullness exists, remove Bai Zhu and add Fu Zi 1 piece (prepared); if abdominal pain exists, add Ren Shen 1 liang; if cold exists, add Gan Jiang 1 liang.
Major Tonifying Spleen Decoction
Indicated for severe spleen qi exhaustion, indigestion, vomiting, and diarrhea, emaciation, immobility, dry mouth and throat with thirst, sweating, rapid breathing, and a weak, intermittent pulse:
Ren Shen (Ginseng Root), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), each 3 liang; Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), 3 liang; Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Rhizome), Mai Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber), Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit), Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower) (another version uses Mu Dan Pi; follow the original), each 1 liang.
These seven ingredients are decocted in 1 dou of water. Reduce to 4 sheng. Take warm, divided into four doses, three times during the day and once at night.
Text and Formulas for Identifying Lung Diseases
Lung deficiency manifests as nasal obstruction; lung excess manifests as wheezing and coughing, requiring leaning forward to breathe.
In lung diseases, there is invariably coughing, wheezing, counterflow qi, shoulder breathing, back pain, sweating, and aversion to wind. In deficiency, there is chest pain, shortness of breath, inability to take deep breaths, deafness, and dry throat.
When pathogenic factors reside in the lung, skin pain, chills and fever, upper jiao wheezing, sweating, and coughing that moves the shoulders and back occur. Stimulate the acupoints on the anterior chest and middle back (third thoracic vertebra lateral), prick where pressure feels comfortable, and stimulate Quepen (LU2) to disperse lung qi.
Tao Hongjing stated: The virtue of the lung lies in astringency. Thus, the classics say: Tonify with sour flavors, purge with salty flavors; when the lung suffers from counterflow qi, consume pungent flavors to disperse it, opening the interstices to promote qi flow.
Minor Purging Lung Decoction
Indicated for coughing, wheezing, counterflow qi, chest oppression, and inability to lie down:
Ting Li Zi (Descurainia Seed), stir-fried until black and crushed into paste; Da Huang (Rhubarb Root), Bai Shao (White Peony Root), each 3 liang.
These three ingredients are decocted in 3 sheng of water. Reduce to 2 sheng. Take warm, divided into two doses. Stop administration once wheezing subsides.
Major Purging Lung Decoction
Indicated for phlegm-fluid retention in the chest, inability to lie down due to wheezing, difficulty in urination and defecation, facial and bodily edema with urgency, and desire for qi regulation:
Ting Li Zi (Descurainia Seed), stir-fried; Da Huang (Rhubarb Root), Bai Shao (White Peony Root), each 2 liang; Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), each 1 liang.
These six ingredients are decocted in 5 sheng of water. Reduce to 2 sheng. Take warm, divided into two doses, twice daily.
Minor Tonifying Lung Decoction
Indicated for sweating, thirst, shortness of breath, chest pain, and weak pulse:
Mai Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber), Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower), each 3 liang (another version uses Mu Dan Pi; optional); Xi Xin (Asarum Root), 1 liang.
These four ingredients are decocted in 8 sheng of water. Reduce to 3 sheng. Take 1 sheng per dose, three times daily. If chest vexation and heat occur, remove Xi Xin and add Hai Ge Ke 1 liang; if oppressive pain occurs, add Xi Xin 1 liang; if coughing fails to expel sputum and pulse is knotted, double Xuan Fu Hua to 6 liang; if dizziness occurs, remove Xi Xin and add Ze Xie 1 liang; if coughing with hemoptysis occurs, double Mai Dong to 6 liang; if vexation and thirst occur, remove Xi Xin and add Jing Mi (Rice) 0.5 sheng; if excessive saliva occurs, retain Xi Xin and add Ban Xia 0.5 sheng (washed).
Major Tonifying Lung Decoction
Indicated for vexation, heat, sweating, shortness of breath, dry mouth, deafness, and weak, rapid pulse:
Mai Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber), Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower), each 3 liang (another version uses Mu Dan Pi; follow the original); Xi Xin (Asarum Root), 1 liang; Di Huang (Rehmannia Root), Zhu Ye (Bamboo Leaf), Gan Cao (Licorice Root), each 1 liang.
These seven ingredients are decocted in 1 dou of water. Reduce to 4 sheng. Take warm, divided into four doses, three times during the day and once at night.
Text and Formulas for Identifying Kidney Diseases
Kidney qi deficiency manifests as cold extremities; kidney excess manifests as abdominal fullness, black complexion, and difficulty in urination.
In kidney diseases, there is invariably abdominal enlargement, leg swelling, heavy body, and somnolence. In deficiency, there is lumbar pain, abdominal pain, contraction of the buttocks, genitals, thighs, knees, and pain in both feet.
When pathogenic factors reside in the kidney, bone pain and Yin Bi (obstruction in the yin regions) occur. Yin Bi is characterized by deep tenderness not relieved by pressure, abdominal distension, lumbar pain, difficulty in defecation, stiffness in the neck and back, and intermittent dizziness/fainting. Stimulate Yongquan (KI1) and Kunlun (BL60); treat excess conditions comprehensively.
Tao Hongjing stated: The virtue of the kidney lies in firmness. Thus, the classics say: Tonify with bitter flavors, purge with sweet flavors; when the kidney suffers from dryness, urgently consume salty flavors to moisten it until fluids are generated.
Minor Purging Kidney Decoction
Indicated for dark, scant urine, lower abdominal fullness, [and occasional leg swelling]:
Fu Ling (Poria), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root), each 3 liang.
These three ingredients are decocted in 3 sheng of water. Reduce to 1 sheng and take in one dose.
Major Purging Kidney Decoction
Indicated for dark, scant urine, hematuria, lower abdominal urgency and pain, sensation of waist breaking, and tinnitus:
Fu Ling (Poria), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Da Huang (Rhubarb Root), Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root), each 3 liang; Bai Shao (White Peony Root), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), each 1 liang.
These six ingredients are decocted in 5 sheng of water. Reduce to 2 sheng. Take warm, twice daily.
Minor Tonifying Kidney Decoction
Indicated for consumptive disorders with seminal emission, lumbar pain, bone-steaming emaciation, and rapid pulse:
Di Huang (Rehmannia Root), Zhu Ye (Bamboo Leaf), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), each 3 liang; Ze Xie (Alisma Rhizome), 1 liang.
These four ingredients are decocted in 8 sheng of water. Reduce to 3 sheng. Take three times daily. If hematuria occurs, remove Ze Xie and add Di Yu 1 liang; if hematochezia occurs, remove Ze Xie and add Fu Long Gan (Dragon's House Earth) equivalent to one chicken egg; if seminal emission is distressing, replace Sheng Di Huang with Shu Di Huang; if cold urine and penile pain occur, double Ze Xie to 2 liang; if lower abdominal urgency is distressing, remove Ze Xie and add Mu Dan Pi 1 liang; if dysuria persists, retain Ze Xie; if irritability occurs, add Zhu Ye; if internal heat occurs, add Zhi Zi 14 pieces (crushed).
Major Tonifying Kidney Decoction
Indicated for scant essence and qi, lumbar pain, kidney flaccidity, inability to walk, counterflow of deficient heat, dizziness, dysuria, and soft, rapid pulse:
Di Huang (Rehmannia Root), Zhu Ye (Bamboo Leaf), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), each 3 liang; Ze Xie (Alisma Rhizome), Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit), each 1 liang.
These seven ingredients are decocted in 1 dou of flowing water. Reduce to 4 sheng. Take gradually, divided into four doses, three times during the day and once at night.
Tao Hongjing said: There are also five purging formulas to rescue complications arising from misdiagnosis and mistreatment of various diseases.
Purging Liver Decoction
Rescues mistreatment with emetics in patients with inherent spiritual/qi deficiency, where phlegm-fluids trigger incessant vomiting, fright, and agitation:
Zhi Shi (Stir-fried Immature Bitter Orange), Bai Shao (White Peony Root), Dai Zhe Shi (Hematite) (another version uses Mu Dan Pi; follow the original), Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower), Zhu Ye (Bamboo Leaf), each 3 liang (another version includes Sheng Jiang; follow the original).
These five ingredients are decocted in 7 sheng of water. Reduce to 3 sheng. Take warm, divided into two doses.
Purging Heart Decoction
Rescues mistreatment with cooling/purgative methods in patients with inherent strong yang qi, where external pathogens invade due to deficiency, causing epigastric fullness, inability to eat, intractable diarrhea, borborygmus, and abdominal pain:
Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome), Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root), Ren Shen (Ginseng Root), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), each 3 liang (another version includes Da Zao).
These five ingredients are decocted in 7 sheng of water. Reduce to 3 sheng. Take warm, divided into two doses.
Purging Spleen Decoction
Rescues mistreatment with cold/cold-natured methods in patients with inherent strong yin qi, where defensive qi is blocked, causing abdominal stagnation and fullness, and persistent cold:
Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), Mai Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber), Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit), Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower), each 3 liang (another version includes Xi Xin 3 liang).
These five ingredients are decocted in 7 sheng of water. Reduce to 3 sheng. Take warm, divided into two doses.
Purging Lung Decoction
Rescues mistreatment with fire therapy in patients with inherently restless blood, causing delirium, hematemesis, epistaxis, chest vexation/fullness, and qi stagnation:
Ting Li Zi (Descurainia Seed), stir-fried until black and crushed into paste; Da Huang (Rhubarb Root), Sheng Di Huang (Raw Rehmannia Root), Zhu Ye (Bamboo Leaf), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), each 3 liang.
These five ingredients are decocted in 7 sheng of water. Reduce to 3 sheng. Take warm, divided into two doses.
Purging Kidney Decoction
Rescues mistreatment with sweating methods in patients with inherently weak yang qi, causing counterflow of yin qi, palpitations, dizziness, and incessant sweating:
Fu Ling (Poria), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig), Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit), each 3 liang.
These five ingredients are decocted in 7 sheng of water. Reduce to 3 sheng. Take warm, divided into two doses.
Tao Hongjing said: Classical formulas also include five prescriptions for rescuing various consumptive disorders. However, observing their core principles, they essentially involve modifications of tonifying formulas for deficiency syndromes. They are recorded here to assist in cultivation and save lives. Their principles are profound and subtle, beyond the comprehension of the superficial. Since consumptive disorders involve mutual overacting of zang organs, mixed deficiency and excess, concurrent use of cold and hot herbs, and combined tonification and purging, these hidden teachings of the sages are extraordinary. Since the Han and Jin dynasties, renowned physicians such as Zhang Zhongjing, Wei Xu, Hua Tuo, Wu Pu, Huangfu Mi, Zhi Fa Shi, Ge Hong, and General Fan have all modeled themselves on this *Shangye Jingfa* (Classic of Soup Liquids). Compassionate towards suffering and beneficial to all living beings, although their modifications varied and produced new effects, seemingly disrupting old canons, their underlying intent remains within the compass and square (principles).
Fuxing Jue Zangfu Yongyao Fayao (Part II)
Written by Tao Hongjing, the Recluse of Huayang, Liang Dynasty
Yangsheng Tonifying Liver Decoction
Indicated for liver deficiency, extreme tendon pathology, abdominal hardness and masses, and fecal impaction:
Shu Jiao (Sichuan Pepper), sweat-dried, 1 sheng; Gui Xin (Cinnamon Heart), 3 liang; Jiu Ye (Garlic Chive Leaves), chopped, one handful; Bai Shao (White Peony Root), 3 liang; Mang Xiao (Mirabilite), 0.5 jin; Hu Ma You (Sesame Oil), 1 sheng.
These six ingredients are decocted in 5 sheng of water. Boil pepper, garlic chives, etc., to obtain 3 sheng. Strain, add Mang Xiao, wait for dissolution, then stop heating. Pour in Sesame Oil. While hot, vigorously stir with three mulberry branches (approx. 1 chi long each) until blended with Bai Shao. Total volume approx. 3 sheng. Take warm, divided into three doses, consumed within one day.
Tiaozhong Tonifying Heart Decoction
Indicated for heart labor causing extreme pulse pathology, mental vexation, palpitations, and confusion:
Xuan Fu Hua (Inula Flower), 1 sheng (another version uses Mu Dan Pi 4 liang; follow the original); Li Zi (Chestnut), shelled and crushed, 12 pieces; Cong Ye (Green Onion Leaf), 14 stems; Chi (Fermented Soybean Paste), 0.5 jin (another version uses Shan Yu Rou; follow the original); Zhi Zi (Gardenia Fruit), 14 pieces (crushed); Ren Shen (Ginseng Root), sliced, 3 liang.
These six ingredients are decocted in 4 sheng of clear wine and 6 sheng of water. Reduce to 3 sheng. Take gradually, divided into three doses, three times daily.
Jianzhong Tonifying Spleen Decoction
Indicated for spleen deficiency causing extreme muscle pathology, emaciation, abdominal tension, and limb weakness:
Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), 2 liang; Da Zao (Jujube), 12 pieces, pitted; Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), sliced, 3 liang; Huang Yi (Maltose), 1 sheng; Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig), 2 liang; Bai Shao (White Peony Root), 6 liang.
These six ingredients are decocted in 7 sheng of water. Reduce to 3 sheng. Strain, add Maltose, reheat until dissolved. Take 1 sheng warm, consumed within one day.