（李东垣《脾胃论》） 治虚人伤寒。
麻黄 白芍 黄 炙甘草（各一钱） 人参 麦冬（各三分） 当归 桂枝（各五分）
五味子
麻黄人参芍药汤，桂枝五味麦冬襄，归 甘草汗兼补，虚人外感服之康。（东垣治一贫
士，内蕴虚热，外感大寒而吐血，法仲景麻黄汤加补剂，制此方一服而愈。原解曰∶“麻黄
散外寒，桂枝补表虚，黄 实表益卫，人参益气固里，麦冬、五味保肺气，甘草补脾，芍药
安太阴，当归和血。”后人用治虚人感冒颇效。若吐血、衄血，麻、桂究在所忌，勿因东垣
之偶效，而遂信之以误施也。）
（陶节庵《伤寒六书》） 治阳虚伤寒，不能作汗。
人参 黄 甘草 桂枝（各一钱） 附子（炮五分） 羌活 防风 川芎（各八分） 细
辛（五分） 煨姜（五片） 枣（二枚） 加炒白芍一撮。（夏加黄芩、石膏，冬月不必加。）
再造散用参 甘，桂附姜防芎芍参，细辛加枣煨姜煮，阳虚无汗法当谙。（陶节庵《伤
寒六书》曰∶“头痛发热，恶寒无汗，用发汗药二三剂汗不出者，庸医不识此证，不论时令，
遂以麻黄重剂劫取其汗，误人死者多矣。殊不知阳虚不能作汗，故有此证，名无阳证。”因
立此汤。以参、 、甘、姜、桂、附，大补其阳气。佐芎、羌、防、辛，散寒发表。加芍药
者，阳中敛阴，散中有收也。又云∶“人第知参、 能止汗，而不知其能发汗，以在表药队
中，则助表药而解散也。”此是节庵明见处。）
（出自李东垣《脾胃论》）治疗体质虚弱之人患伤寒。
麻黄、白芍、黄芪、炙甘草（各一钱），人参、麦冬（各三分），当归、桂枝（各五分），五味子。
麻黄人参芍药汤，由桂枝、五味子、麦冬辅助组成，当归与甘草配合，既能发汗又能补益，体质虚弱者外感服用后可康复。（李东垣曾治疗一名贫苦读书人，其体内蕴藏虚热，外部感受大寒而吐血，遵循张仲景麻黄汤加入补益剂的法则，配制此方，服用一次即痊愈。原书解释称：“麻黄发散外寒，桂枝补益表虚，黄芪固实肌表并增益卫气，人参益气以巩固里气，麦冬和五味子保护肺气，甘草补脾，白芍安抚太阴经，当归调和血液。”后人用此方治疗体质虚弱者的感冒颇为有效。但如果出现吐血、鼻出血症状，麻黄和桂枝终究是禁忌药物，不要因为李东垣的偶然疗效，就盲目相信并错误施用。）
（出自陶节庵《伤寒六书》）治疗阳气虚弱患伤寒，无法出汗。
人参、黄芪、甘草、桂枝（各一钱），附子（炮制五分），羌活、防风、川芎（各八分），细辛（五分），煨姜（五片），大枣（两枚），另加炒白芍一撮。（夏季加黄芩、石膏，冬季不必加。）
再造散用人参、甘草，桂枝、附子、生姜、防风、川芎、白芍、人参，再加细辛和大枣，用煨姜煎煮，阳气虚弱无汗的治法应当熟练掌握。（陶节庵在《伤寒六书中》说：“头痛发热，恶寒无汗，使用发汗药二至三剂仍不出汗的，庸医不认识这个证候，不分季节时令，就用重剂量的麻黄强行劫取汗水，误死人很多。殊不知阳气虚弱导致不能出汗，所以有此证候，称为‘无阳证’。”因此创立此汤剂。用人参、黄芪、甘草、生姜、桂枝、附子，大补阳气。佐以川芎、羌活、防风、细辛，发散寒气发表。加入白芍的原因，是在补阳中收敛阴液，在发散中有所收敛。又说：“人们只知道人参、黄芪能止汗，却不知道它们也能发汗，因为在与解表药同用的队伍中，它们能助解表药而解散病邪。”这是陶节庵的高明见解。）
(From Li Dongyuan's *Pi Wei Lun* [Treatise on the Spleen and Stomach]) Treats Shanghan (Cold Damage) in individuals with deficient constitution.
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Zhi Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 1 qian); Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (each 3 fen); Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) (each 5 fen); Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus).
Mahuang Renshen Shaoyao Tang (Ephedra, Ginseng, and Peony Decoction), assisted by Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), Wuweizi (Schisandra), and Maidong; Danggui (Dong Quai) and Gancao (Licorice) combine to induce sweating while tonifying deficiency; it brings health when taken by those with external contraction due to deficiency. (Li Dongyuan treated a poor scholar who had internal latent heat and contracted severe cold externally, resulting in hemoptysis. Following Zhang Zhongjing's method of adding tonifying agents to Mahuang Tang, he formulated this prescription, which cured the patient after one dose. The original explanation states: "Mahuang disperses external cold, Guizhi tonifies exterior deficiency, Huangqi consolidates the exterior and benefits Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), Renshen supplements Qi to secure the interior, Maidong and Wuweizi protect Lung Qi, Gancao tonifies the Spleen, Shaoyao soothes the Taiyin, and Danggui harmonizes the blood." Later generations used this formula to treat common colds in deficient individuals with considerable efficacy. However, if hematemesis or epistaxis occurs, Mahuang and Guizhi are ultimately contraindicated. Do not blindly believe in and erroneously administer it merely because of Li Dongyuan's occasional success.)
(From Tao Jian'an's *Shanghan Liu Shu* [Six Books on Cold Damage]) Treats Yang-deficient Shanghan where sweat cannot be produced.
Renshen (Ginseng), Huangqi (Astragalus), Gancao (Licorice), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) (each 1 qian); Fuzi (Prepared Aconiti Lateralis Radix) (processed, 5 fen); Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) (each 8 fen); Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) (5 fen); Wei Jiang (Baked Ginger) (5 slices); Dazao (Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus) (2 pieces); add fried Baishao (White Peony Root) a handful. (In summer, add Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) and Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum); in winter, no need to add.)
Zaizao San (Revitalizing Powder) uses Renshen and Gancao; Guizhi, Fuzi, Jiang (Ginger), Fangfeng, Chuanxiong, and Baishao; boiled with Xixin, Dazao, and Wei Jiang. The method for Yang deficiency with anhidrosis should be thoroughly understood. (Tao Jian'an in *Shanghan Liu Shu* stated: "Headache, fever, aversion to cold, and absence of sweat; when diaphoretic medicines are administered for two to three doses without inducing sweat, quack doctors fail to recognize this syndrome. Regardless of the season, they use heavy doses of Mahuang to forcibly extract sweat, causing many deaths. They do not realize that Yang deficiency prevents the production of sweat, hence this syndrome is named 'Wu Yang Zheng' (Non-Yang Syndrome)." Therefore, he established this decoction. Using Renshen, Huangqi, Gancao, Jiang, Guizhi, and Fuzi to greatly tonify Yang Qi. Assisted by Chuanxiong, Qianghuo, Fangfeng, and Xixin to disperse cold and release the exterior. Baishao is added to gather Yin within Yang, providing restraint within dispersion. He further stated: "People only know that Renshen and Huangqi can stop sweating, but do not know they can also induce sweating, because within the group of exterior-releasing herbs, they assist the exterior herbs to resolve the pathogen." This demonstrates Tao Jian'an's profound insight.)