世之治伤寒者，每误以温热治之，而治温热者，又误以伤寒治之，此辨之不明也。即明其为温热病矣，
而又有新感、伏气之不同。前哲发明新感温热者，如叶氏香岩之论温二十则、陈氏平伯之风温病篇、吴氏鞠通
之温病条辨、张氏凤逵之治暑全书，立说非不精详，然皆为新感温暑而设，非为伏气温热而言，即江本载薛生
白湿温病篇，亦属暑湿相搏之一种。他如张石顽伤寒绪论、周禹载温热暑疫全书、陈素中寒温条辨，虽辨明伏
气温热，惜皆语焉而不详。以予所见，专论伏气温热能各症精详者，自北山此书始。兹先述其总论，存其精而
补其缺，约十有三。
温热，伏气病也，通称伏邪。病之作，往往因新感而发，所谓新邪引动伏邪也。因风邪引动而发者，曰风温，
或曰风火。因寒邪引动而发者，曰冷温，或曰客寒包火。因暑邪引动而发者，曰暑温，或曰暑热。因湿邪引
动而发者，曰湿温，或曰湿遏
热伏。若兼秽毒者，曰温毒；其症有二∶一为风温时毒，一为湿温时毒。此以兼症别其病名也。其发于春者，
曰春温，或曰春时晚发。发于夏者，曰夏温，或曰热病。发于秋者，曰秋温，或曰秋时晚发，或曰伏暑。发于
冬者，曰冬温，或曰伏暑、冬发。此以时令别其病名也。其病萌于春，盛于夏，极于秋，衰于冬，间亦有盛发
于春冬者，然总以盛发于夏秋为多。
何则？春冬空气清洁，轻气多而炭气少，故其为病亦清邪多而浊邪少。除新感症外，即有因伏邪而病，纯
热无寒者，但为温病而已；兼寒者，但为冷温而已；兼风者，但为风温而已。虽间有时行温毒，然亦以风毒居多，
夏秋空气最浊，水土郁蒸之气，每被日光吸引而蒸发，发于首夏者曰霉雨蒸，发于仲秋者曰桂花蒸；其为病也，
皆水土秽气杂合而成，人但以暑湿赅其病之本，贪凉饮冷赅其病之标。而不知夏秋水土郁蒸，湿中有热，热中
有湿，浊热粘腻，化生霉菌，故谓之湿温，亦谓之湿热，西医谓之霉毒瓦斯；害人最广，变症最繁，较之风温、
冷温、暑温、三症，尤多而难治。
英医合信氏云∶空气干热不伤人，惟湿热最伤人，因低洼地土，或蕴有死水之潜热，或积有腐烂之草木
（此即水土秽气化生霉菌之原因），后得六十度热表之日光，接连晒之，其霉毒瓦斯乃勃发。故在东南热地，夏秋
之交，其毒尤甚，可见湿温、湿热为有形粘腻之邪，西医不为无见。呜呼！人在气交之中，一身生气，终日与
秽气相争战，实则与微生物相争战，不知不觉中伏许多危险之机，可不惊且惧哉！
世人治疗伤寒病时，常错误地用温热病的方法来治疗；而治疗温热病时，又错误地用伤寒病的方法来治疗，这是因为辨证不明确。即使明确了是温热病，又有新感（外感即时发病）和伏气（邪气潜伏体内后发病）的不同。前代医家阐发新感温热的理论，如叶天士香岩的《温病条辨》二十则、陈平伯的风温病篇、吴鞠通的《温病条辨》、张凤逵的《治暑全书》，立论并非不精详，但这些都是针对新感温暑设立的，并非针对伏气温热而言。就连江本载收录的薛生白湿温病篇，也属于暑湿相搏的一种类型。其他如张石顽的《伤寒绪论》、周禹载的《温热暑疫全书》、陈素中的《寒温条辨》，虽然辨明了伏气温热，可惜都语焉不详。以我的所见，专门论述伏气温热能对各症状精详分析的，从北山先生的这本书开始。这里先陈述其总论部分，保留其精华并补充其缺失，大约十三条。
温热病，属于伏气病，通称为伏邪。疾病发作，往往因为新感外邪而引发，所谓新邪引动伏邪。因风邪引动而发的，叫作风温，或者叫作风火。因寒邪引动而发的，叫做冷温，或者叫做客寒包火。因暑邪引动而发的，叫做暑温，或者叫做暑热。因湿邪引动而发的，叫做湿温，或者叫做湿遏热伏。如果兼有秽毒的，叫做温毒；其症状有两种：一是风温时毒，二是湿温时毒。这是通过兼症来区别病名。在春季发作的，叫做春温，或者叫做春时晚发。在夏季发作的，叫做夏温，或者叫做热病。在秋季发作的，叫做秋温，或者叫做秋时晚发，或者叫做伏暑。在冬季发作的，叫做冬温，或者叫做伏暑、冬发。这是通过时令来区别病名。这种病萌芽于春季，旺盛于夏季，极盛于秋季，衰退于冬季，间也有在春冬两季盛发的，但总体以在夏秋两季盛发为多。
为什么呢？春冬季节空气清洁，轻清之气多而浊重之气少，所以其致病也是清邪多而浊邪少。除了新感症状外，即使有因伏邪而病的，纯热无寒的，只是温病而已；兼寒的，只是冷温而已；兼风的，只是风温而已。虽然间或有流行性温毒，但也以风毒居多。夏秋季节空气最浑浊，水土郁蒸之气，常常被日光吸引而蒸发，发于初夏的叫霉雨蒸，发于仲秋的曰桂花蒸；其致病，都是水土秽气杂合而成，人们只以暑湿概括其病之本，以贪凉饮冷概括其病之标。却不知道夏秋水土郁蒸，湿中有热，热中有湿，浊热粘腻，化生霉菌，所以称之为湿温，也称之为湿热，西医称之为霉毒瓦斯；害人最广，变症最繁，较之风温、冷温、暑温这三种病症，尤其多且难治。
英国医生合信氏说：空气干热不伤人，只有湿热最伤人，因为低洼地土，或蕴含有死水的潜热，或积存有腐烂的草木（这就是水土秽气化生霉菌的原因），后来得到六十度热表（华氏度约60度，此处指适宜霉菌生长的温度环境）的日光接连照射，其霉毒瓦斯便勃然爆发。所以在东南炎热之地，夏秋之交，其毒性尤为严重，可见湿温、湿热是有形粘腻之邪，西医对此并非没有见解。唉！人处于气交之中，一身生气，终日与秽气相争战，实际上是微生物之间的争战，不知不觉中潜伏许多危险之机，能不惊恐且畏惧吗！
Those who treat *Shanghan* (Cold Damage) often mistakenly apply treatments for *Wenre* (Warm-Heat diseases), and those who treat *Wenre* often mistakenly apply treatments for *Shanghan*; this is due to unclear differentiation. Even if it is clearly identified as a *Wenre* disease, there are differences between *Xingan* (Newly Acquired/Immediate Onset) and *Fuqi* (Latent Pathogen). The predecessors elucidated theories on *Xingan Wenre*, such as Ye Tianshi's (Ye Xiangyan) "Twenty Rules on Warmth," Chen Pingbo's "Chapter on Wind-Warmth Disease," Wu Jutong's "Systematic Identification of Warm Diseases," and Zhang Fengkui's "Complete Book on Treating Summerheat." Their theories were not imprecise or undetailed, yet they were all established for *Xingan Wenshu* (Newly acquired warmth and summerheat), not for *Fuqi Wenre*. Even the chapter on Damp-Warmth by Xue Shengbai, included in Jiang Benzai's collection, belongs to a type where summerheat and dampness struggle with each other. Others, such as Zhang Shiwen's "Introduction to Shanghan," Zhou Yucai's "Complete Book on Warmth, Heat, Summerheat, and Epidemics," and Chen Suzhong's "Differentiation of Cold and Warmth," although clarifying *Fuqi Wenre*, unfortunately remain vague and undetailed. In my opinion, the first book to specifically discuss *Fuqi Wenre* with precision regarding various symptoms is Mr. Beishan's work. Here, I first present its general theory, preserving its essence and supplementing its deficiencies, totaling thirteen points.
*Wenre* is a *Fuqi* disease, commonly referred to as *Fuxie* (Latent Pathogen). Its onset often occurs triggered by a new external contraction, known as "new pathogen activating latent pathogen." When triggered by wind pathogen, it is called *Fengwen* (Wind-Warmth) or *Fenghuo* (Wind-Fire). When triggered by cold pathogen, it is called *Lengwen* (Cold-Warmth) or *Ke Han Bao Huo* (External Cold Enveloping Fire). When triggered by summerheat pathogen, it is called *Shuwen* (Summerheat-Warmth) or *Shure* (Summerheat-Heat). When triggered by dampness pathogen, it is called *Shiwen* (Damp-Warmth) or *Shi E Re Fu* (Dampness Suppressing and Heat Lying Hidden). If complicated by foul toxins, it is called *Wendu* (Warm-Toxin); its symptoms are of two types: one is *Fengwen Shidu* (Wind-Warmth Seasonal Toxin), and the other is *Shiwen Shidu* (Damp-Warmth Seasonal Toxin). This distinguishes disease names based on accompanying symptoms. Those occurring in spring are called *Chunwen* (Spring-Warmth) or *Chunshi Wanfa* (Late Onset in Spring). Those occurring in summer are called *Xiawen* (Summer-Warmth) or *Rebing* (Heat Disease). Those occurring in autumn are called *Qiuwen* (Autumn-Warmth) or *Qiushi Wanfa* (Late Onset in Autumn), or *Fushu* (Latent Summerheat). Those occurring in winter are called *Dongwen* (Winter-Warmth) or *Fushu, Dongfa* (Latent Summerheat, Winter Onset). This distinguishes disease names based on seasonal timing. The disease germinates in spring, flourishes in summer, peaks in autumn, and declines in winter; occasionally it may peak in spring and winter, but generally, it peaks most frequently in summer and autumn.
Why? In spring and winter, the air is clean, with more light/clear qi and less heavy/turbid qi; thus, the pathogens are mostly clear and few turbid ones. Apart from *Xingan* symptoms, even if illness arises from *Fuqi*, pure heat without cold is merely *Wenbing* (Warm Disease); accompanied by cold is merely *Lengwen*; accompanied by wind is merely *Fengwen*. Although occasionally there are epidemic *Wendu*, wind toxin predominates. In summer and autumn, the air is most turbid; the stagnant and steaming qi of water and soil is often attracted and evaporated by sunlight. Occurring in early summer, it is called *Meiyu Zheng* (Moldy Rain Steaming); occurring in mid-autumn, it is called *Guihua Zheng* (Osmanthus Flower Steaming). The resulting illness is formed by a mixture of turbid foul qi from water and soil. People tend to generalize the root of the disease as summerheat-dampness and the manifestation as greed for coolness and drinking cold substances. They do not realize that in summer and autumn, the stagnant steaming of water and soil means dampness contains heat, and heat contains dampness; the turbid heat is sticky and greasy, generating mold spores. Hence it is called *Shiwen* (Damp-Warmth) or *Shiqi* (Damp-Heat); Western medicine calls it *Meidu Was* (Mold Toxic Gas). It harms the most people, produces the most complex variations, and is far more numerous and difficult to treat than *Fengwen*, *Lengwen*, and *Shuwen*.
British physician Hobson stated: Dry-hot air does not harm people; only damp-heat harms people most. This is because low-lying land may harbor latent heat from stagnant water, or accumulate rotting vegetation (this is the cause of water-soil foul qi generating mold spores). Later, exposed to sunlight at sixty degrees [temperature], causing the mold toxic gas to erupt vigorously. Therefore, in the hot regions of the southeast, during the transition between summer and autumn, the toxicity is particularly severe. This shows that *Shiwen* and *Shiqi* are tangible, sticky, and greasy pathogens; Western medicine has some insight into this. Alas! Humans exist within the intersection of qi; our vital qi struggles daily against foul qi, which is essentially a struggle against microorganisms. Unknowingly, we harbor many dangerous mechanisms; can we not be alarmed and fearful?