温热伏邪也。凡言兼者，伏邪兼他邪，二邪兼发者也，治法以伏邪为重，他邪为轻，故略治他邪，而新病
即解。约而计之，大约有八。
其一兼风，病名风温。初起一二日，见症与伏邪略同；惟鼻塞、鼻鸣、咳嗽、清涕，与伏邪异。脉亦多浮，
而与伏邪之不浮、不沉而数者亦异。治法惟葛根葱白汤最合；势重者，防风解毒汤、荷杏石甘汤、缪氏竹叶石
膏汤选用∶势轻者，桔梗汤、加味栀豉汤选用。咳，加前胡、杏仁、苏子；痰多，加栝蒌、川贝、竺黄之类。
大抵伏邪兼寒，能令病势增重；兼风反令病势易解。以寒主凝涩，则伏邪内郁，郁一分，病势增固一分；风主
游扬，则伏邪外疏，疏一分，病势解散一分。虽然，温热属伏火，一兼风邪，风助火势，火假风威，病势最急，
尤宜速治，稍缓则
津枯液涸，痉厥兼臻，医家病家，不可不预防也。
其二兼寒，病名冷温。初起一二日，必有头痛、发热、身痛，恶寒诸表症，与伤寒颇同，而以脉辨则不同。
伏邪多软数而不浮；兼寒则多浮数、浮弦、浮大，甚至有浮紧者。再以症辨，亦多有不同，伏邪多汗，兼寒则
无汗。但受寒者，无烦躁、口苦、口臭症；伏邪兼寒，必有烦躁、口苦、口臭症也。一遇此等，更当辨其受寒
与伏邪孰轻孰重。热重寒轻者，烦躁口臭症多，无汗恶寒必少，则当以荷杏石甘汤、葱豉白虎汤、栀豉芩葛汤
选用，或六神通解散尤捷。寒重于热者，恶寒无汗必甚，烦躁必轻，则宜用苏羌饮、葱豉加葛根汤等，先散其
外束之新寒，若在冬令，寒束于外，既无汗恶寒，邪郁于内，复见烦躁者，麻杏石甘汤亦可正用。若挟寒湿，
九味羌活汤去生地，最为的当。此症若治寒遗热，必有斑、黄、狂、衄之变；治热遗寒，复有呕、利、痞、厥
之忧，驯至沉困，不可不知。然此皆为初起一二日言之也，若日久则伏邪勃发，表寒不能自存而为热，则惟
以治伏邪之法治之而已。
温热伏邪。凡是说“兼”的，是指伏邪兼夹其他邪气，两种邪气同时发作的病证。治疗原则以伏邪为主，其他邪气为次，因此只需轻微处理其他邪气，新感之病即可解除。粗略统计起来，大约有八种情况。
第一种是兼夹风邪，病名叫作风温。初起一两天，症状与伏邪大致相同；只是鼻塞、鼻鸣、咳嗽、流清涕，与伏邪不同。脉象也多见浮脉，这与伏邪不浮不沉而数（快速）的脉象也不同。治疗方法以葛根葱白汤最为适宜；病情重的，可选用防风解毒汤、荷杏石甘汤、缪氏竹叶石膏汤；病情轻的，可选用桔梗汤、加味栀豉汤。如果咳嗽，加前胡、杏仁、苏子；痰多，加栝蒌、川贝母、竹沥之类。大抵伏邪兼夹寒邪，会使病情加重；兼夹风邪反而使病情容易解除。因为寒性主凝滞涩阻，会导致伏邪内郁，郁结一分，病情就坚固一分；风性主游走升散，能使伏邪向外疏泄，疏泄一分，病情就解散一分。虽然如此，温热属于伏火，一旦兼夹风邪，风助火势，火借风威，病情最为急迫，尤其应当迅速治疗，稍一迟缓就会导致津液枯竭、阴液干涸，出现痉挛、厥逆等症，医生和患者都不能不加以预防。
第二种是兼夹寒邪，病名叫作冷温。初起一两天，必然有头痛、发热、身痛、恶寒等各种表证，与伤寒颇为相似，但通过脉象辨别则不同。伏邪的脉象多软数而不浮；兼夹寒邪则多见浮数、浮弦、浮大，甚至有浮紧的脉象。再从症状辨别，也多有不同，伏邪多汗，兼夹寒邪则无汗。如果是单纯受寒，没有烦躁、口苦、口臭的症状；伏邪兼夹寒邪，必然会有烦躁、口苦、口臭的症状。遇到这种情况，更应当辨别受寒与伏邪哪个轻、哪个重。热重寒轻的，烦躁口臭等症状多，无汗恶寒的症状少，则应当选用荷杏石甘汤、葱豉白虎汤、栀豉芩葛汤，或者六神通解散更为快捷。寒重于热的，恶寒无汗的症状必然严重，烦躁的症状必然轻微，则宜用苏羌饮、葱豉加葛根汤等，先发散其外部束缚的新寒。如果在冬季，寒邪束于体表，既无汗又恶寒，邪气郁结于体内，又出现烦躁症状的，麻杏石甘汤也可以正用。如果兼夹寒湿，九味羌活汤去掉生地黄，最为恰当。这种病症如果治寒而遗留热邪，必然会出现发斑、发黄、狂乱、衄血等变证；治热而遗留寒邪，又有呕吐、下利、痞满、厥逆的忧虑，最终导致身体沉重困顿，这些不可不知道。然而这些都是针对初起一两天而言的，如果日久，伏邪勃然发作，表寒不能独自存在而转化为热，那么就只需用治疗伏邪的方法来治疗罢了。
Warm-heat latent pathogen (Wenre Fuxie). Whenever the term "concurrent" (Jian) is used, it refers to a condition where a latent pathogen coexists with another pathogen, and both pathogens manifest simultaneously. The treatment principle prioritizes the latent pathogen as the primary factor and the other pathogen as secondary; therefore, by slightly addressing the other pathogen, the newly acquired illness can be resolved. Roughly estimated, there are approximately eight such scenarios.
The first scenario involves concurrent wind pathogen, clinically named Wind-Warmth (Fengwen). In the initial one or two days, the symptoms are roughly similar to those of the latent pathogen alone; however, nasal congestion, nasal rhonchi, coughing, and clear nasal discharge differ from the latent pathogen presentation. The pulse is also frequently floating (Fu), which differs from the latent pathogen's pulse that is neither floating nor sunken but rapid (Shu). The most appropriate treatment method is Gegen Congbai Tang (Radix Puerariae and Scallion Decoction); for severe cases, Fangfeng Jiedu Tang (Saposhnikovia Detoxification Decoction), He Xing Shigan Tang (Lotus Leaf, Apricot Kernel, and Gypsum Decoction), or Miao Shi Zhuye Shigao Tang (Miao Family Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction) may be selected; for mild cases, Jiegeng Tang (Platycodon Decoction) or Jiawei Zhichi Tang (Modified Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction) may be selected. If coughing is present, add Qianhu (Peucedani Radix), Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed), and Suzi (Perilla Fruit); if there is excessive phlegm, add Gualou (Trichosanthes Fruit), Chuanbei (Fritillaria Cirrhosa Bulb), and Zhuhuang (Bamboo Residue/Phragmites Rhizome extract). Generally, when the latent pathogen combines with cold pathogen, the disease severity increases; conversely, when combining with wind pathogen, the disease becomes easier to resolve. This is because cold naturedness is congealing and obstructive, causing the latent pathogen to remain internally constrained; the more constrained it is, the more entrenched the disease becomes. Wind naturedness is roaming and dispersing, allowing the latent pathogen to be vented externally; the more vented it is, the more the disease resolves. Nevertheless, warm-heat belongs to latent fire. Once combined with wind pathogen, wind assists the fire's momentum, and fire borrows wind's power, making the disease progression extremely urgent. It requires prompt treatment; any delay may lead to exhaustion of body fluids and depletion of yin, resulting in convulsions and syncope (Jingjue). Physicians and patients must take preventive measures.
The second scenario involves concurrent cold pathogen, clinically named Cold-Warmth (Lengwen). In the initial one or two days, there will inevitably be exterior symptoms such as headache, fever, body ache, and aversion to cold, which are quite similar to Shanghan (Cold Damage). However, differentiation via pulse reveals differences: the latent pathogen's pulse is typically soft and rapid without being floating; concurrent cold presents as floating and rapid, floating and wiry, floating and large, or even floating and tight. Differentiation via symptoms also shows differences: the latent pathogen often presents with sweating, whereas concurrent cold presents with anhidrosis. Pure cold invasion lacks irritability, bitter taste, and foul breath; however, latent pathogen concurrent with cold invariably presents with irritability, bitter taste, and foul breath. In such cases, one must further differentiate whether the cold or the latent pathogen is heavier. If heat is heavy and cold is light, symptoms like irritability and foul breath are prominent, while anhidrosis and aversion to cold are minimal; thus, He Xing Shigan Tang, Congchi Baitu Tang (Scallion, Fermented Soybean, and White Tiger Decoction), or Zhichi Qingge Tang (Gardenia, Fermented Soybean, Scutellaria, and Pueraria Decoction) should be selected, or Liushentongjie San (Six-Efficacy Unblocking Powder) is particularly effective. If cold is heavier than heat, aversion to cold and anhidrosis are severe, and irritability is mild; thus, Suqiang Yin (Perilla and Notopterygium Drink) or Congchi Jiagen Ge Gen Tang (Scallion, Fermented Soybean, and Added Pueraria Decoction) should be used to first disperse the newly acquired cold binding externally. If occurring in winter, with cold binding externally causing anhidrosis and aversion to cold, and internal constraint of pathogen leading to irritability, Maxing Shigan Tang (Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Gypsum, and Licorice Decoction) can be appropriately used. If concurrent with cold-dampness, Jiwei Qianghuo Tang (Nine-Ingredient Notopterygium Decoction) with Shengdi Huang (Rehmanniae Radix) removed is most suitable. If this condition is treated for cold while neglecting heat, complications such as macules (Ban), jaundice (Huang), mania (Kuang), and epistaxis (Nv) may arise; if treated for heat while neglecting cold, concerns of vomiting, diarrhea, fullness/stuffiness (Pi), and cold extremities (Jue) persist, eventually leading to profound debility. These points must not be overlooked. However, these discussions apply only to the initial one or two days. If the duration is prolonged, the latent pathogen erupts vigorously, the exterior cold cannot persist independently and transforms into heat; at this stage, only the methods for treating the latent pathogen should be employed.