治渴必须益血。盖血即津液所化，津液既少，其血必虚，故须益血丸。吐血之后，多能
发渴，益知渴病生于血虚也。
血虚津液不能上承，则口渴也。
问∶人之盗汗，何气使然?曰∶阳气不足，而阴气有余也。卫气昼行阳二十五度，则目
张而寤。夜
行阴亦二十五度，则目瞑而卧。卧而气不荣于阳分，则腠理开，腠理开，则津液泄矣。阳者
，卫外
而为固者也。寤而目张，则阳气复反于阳分，故倏然而止也。止汗以黄 为君，固其阳也。
其于
五脏有所属乎。曰∶心主五液，而肾主水也。人之一身，子时一阳生，心中有赤液下入于肾
，午
时一阴生，肾中有白气上入于心，心肾交，水火济，而无病也。心肾俱耗，则水火不交，故
至阴之
下有僭阳焉，骨为之热矣。诸阳之会有纯阴焉，额为之汗矣，额亦心之分也。有但见于额与
心，他处无之者，此由心肾俱虚，水液枯涸，势不足以周身之汗，故但见于心之分也。余尝
病怔忡盗汗，补心肾尚无功，加猪心数片引之遄已，药贵向导，不可不审也。
赤白浊总属肾虚，无寒热之别。玄菟丹，小菟丝子丸，八味丸，山药丸，皆可斟酌用之
。不宜
妄用利水清痰燥热温凉之药，慎之慎之。有因内伤，以补中益气汤主之。经曰∶中气不足
，则溲
便为之变是也。(《内经》谓中气不足，则溲便为之变，夫中气者，脾土也。脾虚湿热下
注，
当升清以降浊，而浊自愈也。)有思想不遂，意淫于外者，宜清其心，如远志、茯苓、龙骨
、石莲、菟丝子
之类。有入房过度，伤精而致者，宜补其精。如鹿角胶、肉苁蓉、桑螵蛸之类。经曰∶思想
无穷，
所愿不得，意淫于外，入房太甚，宗筋弛纵，发为筋痿，又为白浊是也。有精竭而赤浊，虚
之极也。宜峻补其精。若妄用凉药，必至不起。又《药要或问》曰∶白浊多因湿热下流膀胱
而来，赤白浊即《灵枢》所谓中气不足，溲便为之变是也。先须补中气，使升举之，而后分
其脏
腑气血赤白虚实以治之，其他邪热所伤者，固在泻热补虚，设肾气虚甚，或火热亢极者，则
不宜峻用寒凉之药，必以反佐之，要在权衡轻重而已。
治疗口渴必须滋养血液。因为血是由津液化生而来的，津液既然减少，血必然虚弱，所以需要用益血丸。吐血之后，往往会出现口渴，这更证明了口渴病是由于血虚引起的。
问：人的盗汗，是什么气造成的？答：是阳气不足，而阴气有余造成的。卫气白天在阳分运行二十五周，人就会睁眼醒来；夜晚在阴分运行二十五周，人就会闭眼入睡。入睡时气不能荣养于阳分，腠理（皮肤毛孔）就会张开，腠理张开，津液就会外泄。阳气的功能是护卫体表并使其固密。醒来时眼睛睁开，阳气重新返回阳分，所以汗出突然停止。止汗以黄耆为君药，以固护阳气。
这与五脏有关联吗？答：心主管五液，肾主管水液。人体在子时一阳初生，心中的赤色液体下行进入肾；午时一阴初生，肾中的白色气体上行进入心，心肾相交，水火既济，人就无病。如果心肾都耗损，水火就不能相交，所以在至阴之下有僭越的阳气，骨骼因此发热。诸阳经汇聚之处有纯阴之气，额头因此出汗，额头也是心的分野。有的只在额头和心部出现盗汗，其他部位没有，这是由心肾俱虚，水液枯竭，力量不足以滋润全身之汗，所以只出现在心的分野处。我曾经患怔忡（心悸不安）和盗汗，单用补心肾的药物效果不明显，加入几片猪心作为引药后很快痊愈，药物贵在引导作用，不可不仔细审察。
赤浊和白浊总属于肾虚，没有寒证和热证的分别。玄菟丹、小菟丝子丸、八味丸、山药丸，都可以斟酌使用。不宜随意使用利水、清痰、燥热或温凉性质的药物，务必谨慎。如果是因内伤引起的，以补中益气汤为主治方剂。《内经》说：“中气不足，则小便和大便都会发生异常。”（《内经》所说的中气，指的是脾土。脾虚导致湿热下注，应当升举清气以降浊气，浊气自然消除。）如果有思虑不畅、意念淫逸于外的人，宜清心火，如远志、茯苓、龙骨、石莲、菟丝子之类的药物。如果有房事过度、损伤精气导致的，宜填补精气，如鹿角胶、肉苁蓉、桑螵蛸之类的药物。《内经》说：“思虑无穷，愿望不得实现，意念淫逸于外，房事太过，导致宗筋弛纵，发为筋痿，又表现为白浊。”如果是精竭导致的赤浊，是虚损到了极点。宜峻补精气。如果妄用凉药，必定导致死亡。另外《药要或问》说：“白浊多因湿热下流膀胱而来，赤白浊就是《灵枢》所说的中气不足，小便和大便发生异常的情况。首先必须补益中气，使其升举，然后再根据脏腑气血的赤白虚实来治疗。其他由邪热损伤的，固然需要泻热补虚，但如果肾气非常虚弱，或者火热亢盛到极点，就不宜峻用寒凉药物，必须采用反佐的方法，关键在于权衡病情的轻重而已。”
To treat thirst, it is necessary to nourish the blood. This is because blood is transformed from body fluids (Jin-Ye); when body fluids are deficient, the blood must also be deficient, hence the use of Yixue Wan (Benefit Blood Pill). After hematemesis (vomiting blood), thirst often occurs, further confirming that thirst arises from blood deficiency.
When blood is deficient and body fluids cannot ascend to moisten the upper orifices, thirst results.
Question: What causes nocturnal sweating in humans? Answer: It is caused by insufficiency of Yang Qi and excess of Yin Qi. Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) circulates twenty-five times through the Yang aspects during the day, causing the eyes to open and wakefulness; it circulates twenty-five times through the Yin aspects at night, causing the eyes to close and sleep. During sleep, Qi fails to nourish the Yang aspects, leading to the opening of Cou-Li (skin pores); once the Cou-Li are open, body fluids leak out. Yang functions to protect the exterior and maintain solidity. Upon waking, the eyes open, and Yang Qi returns to the Yang aspects, so the sweating stops abruptly. To stop sweating, Huangqi (Astragali Radix) is used as the sovereign herb to consolidate Yang Qi.
Is this related to the Zang-Fu organs? Answer: The Heart governs the five fluids, and the Kidney governs water. At Zi hour (11 PM–1 AM), a single Yang begins to generate; the red fluid of the Heart descends into the Kidney. At Wu hour (11 AM–1 PM), a single Yin begins to generate; the white Qi of the Kidney ascends into the Heart. When Heart and Kidney interact, Water and Fire balance each other, and disease does not arise. If both Heart and Kidney are exhausted, Water and Fire fail to interact; thus, usurping Yang appears below the extreme Yin, causing heat in the bones. Where all Yang meridities converge, there is pure Yin, causing sweat on the forehead, which is also the domain of the Heart. In cases where sweating occurs only on the forehead and Heart area without affecting other parts, this is due to exhaustion of both Heart and Kidney, with depletion of fluids such that their power is insufficient to moisten the whole body; thus, sweating manifests only in the Heart’s domain. I once suffered from Zhengchong (palpitations) and nocturnal sweating. Supplementing Heart and Kidney alone had little effect, but adding several slices of pig heart as a guiding agent brought rapid recovery. Medicinal guidance is crucial and must be carefully considered.
Red turbid urine and white turbid urine generally belong to Kidney deficiency, without distinction between cold and heat syndromes. Xuantu Dan (Mysterious Rabbit Pill), Xiaotusizi Wan (Small Dodder Seed Pill), Bawei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill), and Shanyao Wan (Dioscorea Pill) may be used after careful consideration. One should not recklessly employ drugs for promoting urination, clearing phlegm, drying dampness-heat, or using warm/cool properties; caution is essential. If caused by internal injury, Buyi Yiqi Tang (Tonify Middle and Augment Qi Decoction) is indicated. The Classic says: "Insufficiency of Zhong Qi (Middle Qi) leads to changes in urination and defecation." (The Zhong Qi referred to in the Classic denotes Spleen Earth. When Spleen deficiency allows Damp-Heat to sink downward, one should raise the clear Yang to descend the turbid, thereby resolving the turbidity spontaneously.) For those whose thoughts are unfulfilled and who indulge in external fantasies, the Heart should be cleared using herbs such as Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix), Fuling (Poria), Longgu (Fossilized Bones), Shilian (Nelumbinis Nucis Plumula), and Tusi Zi (Cuscutae Semen). For those injured by excessive sexual intercourse, essence should be tonified using substances like Lujiao Jiao (Deer Antler Glue), Roubingrong (Cibotii Rhizoma), and Sangpiaoxiao (Mantis Ootheca). The Classic states: "Endless thinking and unfulfilled desires, indulgence in external fantasies, and excessive sexual activity cause the Sinews to become flaccid, resulting in Sinew Flaccidity and White Turbidity." If Red Turbidity results from essence exhaustion, it represents extreme deficiency; essence must be vigorously tonified. Reckless use of cooling herbs will surely lead to death. Furthermore, *Yaoyao Huowen* (Questions and Answers on Essential Drugs) states: "White turbidity often arises from Damp-Heat flowing downward into the Bladder. Red and White Turbidity correspond to the Classic's statement that 'insufficiency of Middle Qi leads to changes in urination and defecation.' First, Middle Qi must be supplemented and lifted; subsequently, treatment should differentiate based on the Red/White nature and Deficiency/Excess status of the Zang-Fu Qi and Blood. For injuries caused by pathogenic heat, clearing heat and tonifying deficiency are indeed required. However, if Kidney Qi is severely deficient or Fire is extremely hyperactive, harsh cold-cooling herbs should not be used vigorously; instead, counter-assistance methods should be employed. The key lies in weighing the severity of the condition."