吾绍之病家。一病之安危。多有责之于医。不知侍疾者对于病患。往往居处不合理。身体不清洁。寒温不
适宜。卧起不定时。不但无助医家治疗之能力。实则助长病菌之孳生。爰将上述应注意各点。胪举于下。
整居处 《千金方》云。凡居处不得过于绮美华丽。令人贪婪无厌损志。但令雅素净洁。能免风雨暑湿为佳。
又云。凡人居止之室。卧处必须周密。勿令有细隙。致有冷风气得入。久而不觉。使人中风。凡诸室内。
有强烈之风吹入。勿强忍久坐。必须起行避之。又云。凡近炉灶勿安床。勿面向坐。久思不祥事起。
《延寿丹书》云。卧床务高二三尺。则地气不及。邪气不侵。勿阴室贪凉。湿地久坐。免受寒湿新邪。
病患卧房宜宽敞。窗户宜开爽。光线宜充满。三者注意室内之空气。常使新鲜。最为病理卫生之至要。
王士雄云。人烟稠密之区。疫疠时行者。以地气既热。秽气亦盛也。故住房不论大小。必要开爽通气。
扫除洁净。庶几清风自来。疫气自然消散。反是则热气浊气。益为疫气树帜矣。凡时疫流行。罹此者
每多被褐藜藿之子。荆户蓬室之人。皆由于此。
洁身体 病后之人。面要常擦。能使容颜光泽。血气流通。目常宜揩。每静时宜常闭目。能
清心安神。或用两指背两相磨擦。能祛火。齿宜常洗擦。以去口秽。腹要常摩。使腹食消磨。秽浊不结。
足要常搓。常搓脚心涌泉穴。能去风湿。健步履。睡宜常屈足侧曲睡。不致失精。使不气滞于百节。
夏日忌冷水抹脸。洁身体。勤摩擦。皆为病后调和血气法也。
适寒温 凡患病患之衣服。必须间日更换。卧床被褥。尤须清洁。病患被覆。不可过暖。
过暖亦能致病加重。重病者死。以热郁于内气不宣达故也。病患背要常暖。暖则不再受风寒。胸要常
护。使寒不侵入。忌冷着汗衣。着之侵背伤肺。热着晒衣。久晒之衣。必有热毒。冬日热火烘衣。
取快一时。久必生病。凡春水未泮之时。衣宜上薄下浓。养阴收阳。大暑中脱汗衣。不可向风。冬天
暴冷。急着棉衣。亦弗顿加。稍觉暖。又宜暂脱。察天时之寒暖。分衣服之绵 。无论未病患及病后。
皆宜随时注意。
定卧起 《千金方》云。春欲晏卧早起。夏及秋欲偃息。侵夜乃卧。早起。冬欲早卧。
而偃起。皆益人。虽云早起。莫在鸡鸣前。虽言晏起。莫在日出后。又云。气力胜正偃卧。睡不厌屈。
觉不厌舒。又云、丈夫头勿北首卧。卧勿当梁脊下。卧讫勿留灯烛。令魂魄及六神不安。多愁怨。凡
眠先卧心。后卧身。卧讫勿张口。久成消渴及失血。不得久眠。令人失气。又云。夜卧勿覆其头。
得长寿。夜卧当耳勿有空吹。久成耳聋。人眠勿以脚悬蹋高处。久成肾虚。及损房足冷。又云。头边勿
安火炉。日逼近火气。使头重、目睛赤、及鼻干。《千金方》云。寒跏趺坐。暖舒脚眠。峻坐以两足
作八字。能去冷。治五痔病。简 云。若贪睡则神离。于气无所主。奔溃四溢。饱食勿仰卧。食后勿
就寝。此关于卧起之调摄。无论无病患。及病后。若能遵守之。获益必多。
【荣斋按】本节（起居调理法）所提出的四项要求，是病患应当注意的问题，也是急需要和必须要做到
的问题。毫无疑问，这四项要求，是符合苏联保护性医疗制的原则的。然而仅仅是符合，还嫌不够深入，
不够全面；《健康报》第三五零期摘载“北京市各医院推行医疗保护制的情况”一文，关于保护性医疗制中
的某些具体措施，介绍得比较全面。特转录过来，以作印证，而资取法。它说∶
对保护性医疗制的属性和实行中的具体问题，我们提出一些如下的初步体会和认识∶
一、医院的疗养环境本身可形成有效的治疗因子的致病原素，故应减少和避免使病患感受各种不良刺激条件及
利用和创造各种良好影响条件，保护和促进患者正常生理机能的发展，因而，在理化、生物和语言刺激等方
面，除一般应注意的以外，尤须注意∶
（一）在视觉刺激方面，色泽、光线、灯光、画片以及陈设布置和家具的排列等视觉刺激，均应使之发挥良性
作用。例如，颜色对病患有刺激和安抚作用，红、黄、橙为刺激颜色，适用于冬季及精神不振的病患；灰、
蓝、绿色为安抚颜色，适用于夏季及兴奋的病患。光线及灯光的强弱和色泽，也要温和适度。再如，画片也能
通过皮质中枢形成良性或不良作用，对于疾病的治愈有相当影响，如异常分娩的挂图、畸型儿照片以及病理标
本（断肢）均可形成不良刺激；适当地装饰风景图片、健康图片、体育作秀等图片，则不仅悦目，而且可使病
人情绪开朗。
（二）在听觉刺激方面，安静为一切疾病治疗的必要条件。例如，急于入睡的病患会因微细的声音而更难入
睡，手术后的病患会因开关门的声音而引起或加重疼痛，所以应注意尽量保持肃静。还应利用音乐，有条件时
最好用个人耳机，使病患精神感到轻松愉快。
（三）在嗅觉刺激方面，病患疗养环境内应尽力避免不正常的气味，如药味、脓臭、血腥等均应除去。可
摆放芬芳的花草以增进快感，但盆花于夜间应搬出去。
（四）在感觉刺激方面，感觉的刺激关系更为密切，如温度过减过低、湿度是否合适、空气是否通畅，对病患
均为具体的感觉刺激。此外，衣、裤、被、褥是否软合适宜，也会影响到休息和睡眠，对疾病的治疗有一定的
影响。
（五）在社会性刺激方面（主要属第二信号系统），社会性刺激范围很广很多，如语言、文本、态度等。
生硬的语言或粗暴的态度都会使病情增剧，漠不关心的态度或不予耐心解释会使病患降低医疗信心，不必告诉
病患的检查结果和医疗记录可能增加病患的疑惧，其他有关医院内部及从业人员的技术条件、任务作风生活情况等，
也应切忌在病患面前暴露，以免影响病患对医院的信仰。解释各项具体处理时要前后一致，以防引起病患疑
虑。此外，还应注意避免一切不必要的检查、化验，以免增加病患反感和不安。
二、制度方面，值得强调的有如下几点∶要在一切为了病患的原则下，规定治疗护理制度，尽一切可能使病患
感到方便、舒适、多得到休息和睡眠。对病患的饮食要注意到质和量，以担保足够的营养，并想法子多方促进
病患的食欲。适当的康乐活动，是治疗的有力辅助。此外，探视病患的制度亦应从多方面考虑，一般要有定
时，切忌在用饭时间访问，以免引起外阻抑而影响到食欲；能行动的病患应在会客室接见来访者，以免影响其
他病患。对来访的人，应事先介绍应行注意事项，并检查其所送的书报食物等，以免引起不良刺激。治疗处置
及试表、检查等，不可过于集中在同一时间，致使病患应接不暇；但亦不可过度分散，以免病患得不到休息。
三、关于医疗差错事故的处理，我们的意见是∶医疗差误事故在医院中是不应当发生而又难以完全避免的，发
生之后，在调查了解期间，应从侧面入手，以免引起病患情绪的波动，更应避免让病患知道。但对当事者以
及有关病患，应实事求是的耐心的解释或承认错误与不够之处，需要帮助的也要详加帮助。病患尚不知道的事
故，应尽量避免使少知道为好，以免形成不良刺激。
我的家乡绍兴的病人家属，往往将病人的安危归咎于医生。他们不知道，陪护人员对于病患的照料，常常存在居住环境不合理、身体不清洁、寒暖调节不适宜、作息不定时等问题。这不但无助于医生的治疗能力发挥，实际上反而助长了病菌的滋生。因此，我将上述需要注意的各个要点，列举如下：
整顿居住环境 《千金方》说：凡是居住环境，不得过于绮丽华丽，以免使人贪婪无厌而损伤意志。只要雅致朴素、干净清洁，能够避免风雨暑湿的侵袭即可。又说：凡是人居住的居室，卧床之处必须严密周密，不要留有细小的缝隙，致使冷风得以进入。时间久了不知不觉，会导致人患中风病。凡是室内有强烈的风吹入时，不要勉强忍耐久坐，必须起身行走以避开它。又说：凡是靠近炉灶的地方，不要安放床铺，也不要面向炉灶坐卧。长久思考不吉利的事情，是不祥之兆。《延寿丹书》说：卧床务必垫高二三尺，这样地气就达不到，邪气就不会侵入。不要在阴暗的房间里贪图凉快，不要在潮湿的地面上久坐，以避免遭受寒湿等新邪气的侵害。病患的卧室应该宽敞，窗户应该开阔通畅，光线应该充足明亮。这三点要注意室内的空气，经常保持新鲜，这是病理卫生最重要的原则。王士雄说：在人烟稠密的地区，如果发生疫病流行，是因为地气既热，秽浊之气也旺盛的缘故。所以住房不论大小，一定要开阔通畅、通风良好，扫除洁净，这样清风自然到来，疫气自然消散。反之，则热气浊气，更加成为疫气滋生的条件。凡是时行疫病流行时，染病的人多半是穿粗布衣服、住简陋房屋的贫苦百姓，都是因为这个原因。
清洁身体 病后的人，面部要经常擦拭，能使容颜光泽，血气流通。眼睛经常适宜揉擦，每次安静时应当常闭目，能清心安神。或者用两个手指背相互摩擦，能祛火。牙齿应当经常清洗擦拭，以去除口腔秽物。腹部要经常按摩，使腹中食物消化，秽浊之物不结聚。脚部要经常搓揉，经常搓脚心的涌泉穴（肾经穴位），能去除风湿，强健步履。睡觉宜常采取屈足侧卧的姿势，不至于遗精，使气不滞留在全身关节。夏天忌讳用冷水抹脸。清洁身体、勤加摩擦，都是病后调和血气的方法。
适应寒温 凡是患病患者的衣服，必须隔天更换一次，卧床被褥尤其需要清洁。病患的盖覆，不可过暖。过暖也能导致病情加重。重病者死亡，是因为热郁结在体内，气机不能宣通达出的缘故。病患的背部要常保暖，保暖了就不再受风寒侵袭。胸部要常保护，使寒气不侵入。忌讳穿着冷湿的汗衣，穿上它会侵袭背部伤害肺脏。热天穿着晒过的衣服，久晒的衣服必然带有热毒。冬天用火烘烤衣服，虽然取快一时，但久了必定生病。凡是春水尚未解冻之时，衣服宜上身薄下身厚，以养阴收阳。大暑之中脱去汗衣，不可对着风。冬天突然变冷，急着穿棉衣，也不宜一下子穿得太厚。稍微觉得暖和，又宜暂时脱下。观察天时的寒暖，区分衣服的厚薄。无论未患病及病后，都应当随时注意。
确定卧起时间 《千金方》说：春天想要晚睡早起，夏天和秋天想要躺卧休息，直到夜里才睡，早起。冬天想要早睡早起。这些都对人有益。虽然说早起，不要在鸡鸣之前；虽然说晚起，不要在日出之后。又说：体力充沛时正身躺卧，睡觉不嫌蜷曲，醒来不嫌舒展。又说：男子睡觉头不要朝北，睡觉不要躺在房梁脊骨下面。睡完后不要留灯烛，令魂魄及六神不安，多愁怨。凡是睡眠先安顿心神，后安顿身体。睡完后不要张口呼吸，久了会形成消渴病及失血症。不得长时间睡眠，令人丧失元气。又说：夜间睡觉不要覆盖头部，能得长寿。夜间睡觉耳朵不要对着有空隙的风吹，久了会形成耳聋。人睡觉不要把脚悬踏在高处，久了会形成肾虚，以及损害房事、脚冷。又说：床头不要安放火炉，日子久了逼近火气，会使头重、眼睛发红、以及鼻子干燥。《千金方》说：寒冷时盘腿坐，温暖时舒展脚睡眠。端坐时两足呈八字形，能去冷，治疗五种痔疮病。简雍说：如果贪睡则神志离散，对气无所主宰，奔溃四溢。饱食后不要仰卧，饭后不要立即就寝。这些关于卧起的调摄，无论无病患及病后，若能遵守它们，获益一定很多。
【荣斋按】本节（起居调理法）所提出的四项要求，是病患应当注意的问题，也是急需要和必须要做到的问题。毫无疑问，这四项要求，是符合苏联保护性医疗制的原则的。然而仅仅是符合，还嫌不够深入，不够全面；《健康报》第三五零期摘载“北京市各医院推行医疗保护制的情况”一文，关于保护性医疗制中的某些具体措施，介绍得比较全面。特转录过来，以作印证，而资取法。它说：
对保护性医疗制的属性和实行中的具体问题，我们提出一些如下的初步体会和认识：
一、医院的疗养环境本身可形成有效的治疗因子的致病原素，故应减少和避免使病患感受各种不良刺激条件及利用和创造各种良好影响条件，保护和促进患者正常生理机能的发展，因而，在理化、生物和语言刺激等方面，除一般应注意的以外，尤须注意：
（一）在视觉刺激方面，色泽、光线、灯光、画片以及陈设布置和家具的排列等视觉刺激，均应使之发挥良性作用。例如，颜色对病患有刺激和安抚作用，红、黄、橙为刺激颜色，适用于冬季及精神不振的病患；灰、蓝、绿色为安抚颜色，适用于夏季及兴奋的病患。光线及灯光的强弱和色泽，也要温和适度。再如，画片也能通过皮质中枢形成良性或不良作用，对于疾病的治愈有相当影响，如异常分娩的挂图、畸型儿照片以及病理标本（断肢）均可形成不良刺激；适当地装饰风景图片、健康图片、体育作秀等图片，则不仅悦目，而且可使病人情绪开朗。
（二）在听觉刺激方面，安静为一切疾病治疗的必要条件。例如，急于入睡的病患会因微细的声音而更难入睡，手术后的病患会因开关门的声音而引起或加重疼痛，所以应注意尽量保持肃静。还应利用音乐，有条件时最好用个人耳机，使病患精神感到轻松愉快。
（三）在嗅觉刺激方面，病患疗养环境内应尽力避免不正常的气味，如药味、脓臭、血腥等均应除去。可摆放芬芳的花草以增进快感，但盆花于夜间应搬出去。
（四）在感觉刺激方面，感觉的刺激关系更为密切，如温度过减过低、湿度是否合适、空气是否通畅，对病患均为具体的感觉刺激。此外，衣、裤、被、褥是否软合适宜，也会影响到休息和睡眠，对疾病的治疗有一定的影响。
（五）在社会性刺激方面（主要属第二信号系统），社会性刺激范围很广很多，如语言、文本、态度等。生硬的语言或粗暴的态度都会使病情增剧，漠不关心的态度或不予耐心解释会使病患降低医疗信心，不必告诉病患的检查结果和医疗记录可能增加病患的疑惧，其他有关医院内部及从业人员的技术条件、任务作风生活情况等，也应切忌在病患面前暴露，以免影响病患对医院的信仰。解释各项具体处理时要前后一致，以防引起病患疑虑。此外，还应注意避免一切不必要的检查、化验，以免增加病患反感和不安。
二、制度方面，值得强调的有如下几点：要在一切为了病患的原则下，规定治疗护理制度，尽一切可能使病患感到方便、舒适、多得到休息和睡眠。对病患的饮食要注意到质和量，以担保足够的营养，并想办法多方促进病患的食欲。适当的康乐活动，是治疗的有力辅助。此外，探视病患的制度亦应从多方面考虑，一般要有定时，切忌在用饭时间访问，以免引起外阻抑而影响到食欲；能行动的病患应在会客室接见来访者，以免影响其他病患。对来访的人，应事先介绍应行注意事项，并检查其所送的书报食物等，以免引起不良刺激。治疗处置及试表、检查等，不可过于集中在同一时间，致使病患应接不暇；但亦不可过度分散，以免病患得不到休息。
三、关于医疗差错事故的处理，我们的意见是：医疗差误事故在医院中是不应当发生而又难以完全避免的，发生之后，在调查了解期间，应从侧面入手，以免引起病患情绪的波动，更应避免让病患知道。但对当事者及有关病患，应实事求是的耐心的解释或承认错误与不够之处，需要帮助的也要详加帮助。病患尚不知道的事故，应尽量避免使少知道为好，以免形成不良刺激。
The patients' families in my hometown of Shaoxing often attribute the safety and danger of a patient's illness to the physician. They do not realize that caregivers, regarding the patient, often have unreasonable living environments, unclean bodies, inappropriate temperature regulation, and irregular sleep-wake schedules. This not only fails to assist the physician's treatment capabilities but actually promotes the proliferation of pathogens. Therefore, I list below the various points mentioned above that require attention:
**Regulating the Living Environment** *Qianjin Fang* (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) states: The living environment should not be overly ornate or luxurious, lest it make people greedy and insatiable, damaging their willpower. It is sufficient for it to be elegant, simple, clean, and hygienic, capable of avoiding wind, rain, summer heat, and dampness. It also states: In any room where people reside, the sleeping area must be tightly sealed with no small gaps, preventing cold air from entering. Over time, unnoticed, this can cause one to contract Zhongfeng disease (Wind-Stroke). Whenever strong wind blows into a room, one should not endure sitting there for long; one must rise and move away to avoid it. It also states: Do not place beds near stoves, nor sit facing the stove. Long-term contemplation of inauspicious matters is an ill omen. *Yanshou Danshu* (Golden Pill Book for Longevity) states: Beds should be elevated two or three chi high, so that earthy qi does not reach, and pathogenic qi cannot invade. Do not seek coolness in dark rooms, nor sit for long periods on wet ground, to avoid suffering from new invasion of Cold-Damp pathogenic factors. The patient's bedroom should be spacious, windows open and ventilated, and lighting abundant. These three points focus on indoor air, keeping it fresh, which is the most crucial principle of pathological hygiene. Wang Shixiong stated: In densely populated areas where epidemics occur, it is because the local qi is hot and turbid qi is abundant. Therefore, regardless of the size of the housing, it must be open, ventilated, and kept clean, so that fresh breeze comes naturally and epidemic qi dissipates naturally. Conversely, heat and turbid qi will further serve as a banner for epidemic qi. Whenever seasonal epidemics prevail, those who contract the disease are mostly poor people wearing coarse cloth and living in dilapidated houses, all due to this reason.
**Cleaning the Body** After illness, the face should be frequently wiped to maintain luster and promote smooth blood and qi flow. Eyes should be frequently rubbed; during quiet times, one should keep eyes closed to clear the heart and calm the spirit. Alternatively, rubbing the backs of two fingers together can dispel fire. Teeth should be frequently washed and brushed to remove oral impurities. The abdomen should be frequently massaged to digest food and prevent accumulation of turbid matter. Feet should be frequently rubbed; frequently rubbing the Yongquan acupoint (Kidney Meridian point) on the sole can dispel Wind-Damp and strengthen walking. Sleeping posture should preferably involve flexing the legs and lying on the side to prevent seminal emission and ensure qi does not stagnate in the joints. In summer, using cold water to wipe the face is taboo. Cleaning the body and frequent friction are methods to harmonize blood and qi after illness.
**Adapting to Cold and Warmth** Clothes worn by patients must be changed every other day; bedding must be especially clean. Patients' coverings should not be too warm. Excessive warmth can also worsen the condition. Severe cases may result in death because heat stagnates internally, and qi cannot circulate freely. The patient's back should always be kept warm to prevent invasion of Wind-Cold. The chest should be protected to prevent Cold invasion. It is taboo to wear cold, sweaty clothes, as this invades the back and damages the Lungs. Wearing clothes that have been sun-dried when hot is dangerous, as prolonged sun exposure imbues clothes with "heat toxicity." Drying clothes with hot fire in winter provides temporary comfort but causes illness if done long-term. When spring waters have not yet thawed, clothing should be thin on top and thick on bottom to nourish Yin and gather Yang. During intense summer heat, after removing sweaty clothes, one must not face the wind. In sudden winter cold, while putting on cotton clothes quickly, one should not add layers all at once. If slightly warm, one should temporarily remove some layers. Observe the weather's cold and warmth, distinguish the thickness of clothes. Whether before illness or after recovery, one should pay attention at all times.
**Determining Sleep-Wake Times** *Qianjin Fang* states: In spring, one should sleep late and rise early; in summer and autumn, lie down and rest, sleeping only at night and rising early. In winter, sleep early and rise early. All these benefit the person. Although it says rise early, do not do so before the rooster crows. Although it says rise late, do not do so after sunrise. It also states: When physical strength is robust, lie flat; sleeping, do not dislike curling up; waking, do not dislike stretching out. It also states: Men should not sleep with their heads pointing North, nor sleep directly under roof beams. After sleeping, do not leave lamps burning, as this unsettles the Hun and Po spirits and the Six Spirits, causing sorrow and resentment. For sleep, first settle the mind, then the body. After sleeping, do not breathe with an open mouth, as this leads to Xiaoke disease (Wasting-Thirst) and blood loss over time. Prolonged sleep depletes Qi. It also states: At night, do not cover the head while sleeping, which promotes longevity. At night, do not let ears face drafts, as this leads to deafness. Do not hang feet on high places while sleeping, as this leads to Kidney deficiency and impotence/cold feet. It also states: Do not place charcoal braziers near the head; prolonged exposure to fire heat causes heavy head, red eyes, and dry nose. *Qianjin Fang* states: Sit cross-legged in cold weather; sleep with legs extended in warm weather. Sitting upright with feet spread in an 'eight' shape dispels cold and treats five types of hemorrhoids. Jian Yun stated: If one indulges in sleep, the Spirit scatters, Qi loses its master, and becomes chaotic. Do not lie supine after a full meal; do not go to bed immediately after eating. These regulations regarding sleep and wakefulness, whether for the healthy or the convalescent, if observed, will yield great benefits.
**Editor Rongzhai's Note:** The four requirements proposed in this section (Living and Rest Regulation) are issues patients should note and urgently need to achieve. Undoubtedly, these four requirements align with the principles of Soviet protective medical care systems. However, mere alignment is insufficiently deep and comprehensive. The article "Situation of Implementing Medical Protective Systems in Beijing Hospitals," excerpted from Issue 350 of *Health News*, introduces certain specific measures of the protective medical system more comprehensively. I transcribe it here for verification and reference. It states:
Regarding the attributes of the protective medical system and specific practical issues, we propose the following preliminary insights and understandings:
1. The hospital's recuperation environment itself can form elements that act as pathogenic factors for effective therapeutic agents. Therefore, one should reduce and avoid exposing patients to various adverse stimuli conditions, and utilize and create various positive influence conditions to protect and promote the development of normal physiological functions in patients. Thus, regarding physical, chemical, biological, and linguistic stimuli, besides general precautions, special attention must be paid to:
(1) Regarding visual stimuli, such as color, light, artificial lighting, pictures, furnishings, and furniture arrangement, all visual stimuli should exert a benign effect. For example, colors stimulate and soothe patients; red, yellow, and orange are stimulating colors, suitable for winter and patients with low spirits; gray, blue, and green are soothing colors, suitable for summer and excitable patients. The intensity and color of light and artificial lighting should also be moderate and gentle. Furthermore, pictures can form benign or adverse effects through the cerebral cortex, significantly impacting disease cure. Images of abnormal childbirth, photos of malformed infants, and pathological specimens (amputated limbs) can form adverse stimuli; appropriately decorating with landscape pictures, health pictures, and sports exhibition pictures is not only pleasing to the eye but also makes patients' moods cheerful.
(2) Regarding auditory stimuli, quietness is a necessary condition for treating all diseases. For example, patients eager to sleep find it harder to fall asleep due to faint sounds; post-operative patients may experience or worsen pain due to door opening/closing sounds. Therefore, maintaining silence is essential. Music should also be utilized; if conditions permit, personal headphones are best, making patients feel relaxed and happy.
(3) Regarding olfactory stimuli, abnormal odors in the patient's recuperation environment should be avoided as much as possible, such as medicinal smells, pus odor, and bloody smells, which should be removed. Fragrant flowers and plants can be placed to enhance pleasure, but potted plants should be moved out at night.
(4) Regarding sensory stimuli, the relationship is closer. For instance, whether temperature is too low, humidity is appropriate, and air is ventilated constitute specific sensory stimuli for patients. Additionally, whether clothes, pants, quilts, and mattresses are soft and suitable affects rest and sleep, having a certain impact on disease treatment.
(5) Regarding social stimuli (mainly belonging to the second signal system), the scope of social stimuli is broad and numerous, such as language, text, and attitude. Stiff language or rough attitudes will exacerbate the condition; indifferent attitudes or lack of patient explanation will lower patients' confidence in medical treatment. Withholding test results and medical records from patients may increase their suspicion and fear. Other information regarding internal hospital conditions, staff technical conditions, work style, and life circumstances should also be strictly avoided showing in front of patients to prevent affecting their faith in the hospital. Explanations of specific treatments must be consistent to prevent patient doubt. Furthermore, unnecessary examinations and lab tests should be avoided to prevent increasing patient aversion and anxiety.
2. Regarding institutional aspects, the following points deserve emphasis: Under the principle of everything being for the patient, establish treatment and nursing systems to make patients feel convenient and comfortable, allowing them to rest and sleep more. Pay attention to the quality and quantity of patients' diets to guarantee sufficient nutrition and try various ways to promote appetite. Appropriate recreational activities are a powerful auxiliary to treatment. Additionally, visiting policies should be considered from multiple aspects; generally, there should be fixed times. Visits during meal times are taboo to avoid external inhibition affecting appetite; ambulatory patients should receive visitors in the reception room to avoid affecting other patients. Visitors should be briefed on precautions beforehand, and books, newspapers, and food they bring should be checked to avoid adverse stimuli. Treatments, thermometer checks, and examinations should not be concentrated at the same time, overwhelming the patient; nor should they be excessively dispersed, depriving the patient of rest.
3. Regarding the handling of medical errors and accidents, our opinion is: Medical errors and accidents should not happen in hospitals but are difficult to completely avoid. After occurrence, during the investigation period, approach the issue from the side to avoid emotional fluctuations in patients, and even more so, avoid letting patients know. However, for those involved and related patients, provide factual, patient explanations or admit mistakes and shortcomings, and provide detailed assistance if needed. Accidents unknown to the patient should be minimized to avoid forming adverse stimuli.