气候调理之法。如冬温夏凉。不失时序。即所以自护其身者也。前贤知摄生者。卧起有四时之早晚。
兴起有至和之常制。调养筋骨。有偃仰之方法。节宣劳逸。则有予夺之要则。温凉调节合度。百病不生。
《太素经》云。适寒温者。寒无凄凄。暑无出汗。居处无犯八邪。则身自安矣。不独病后调理如此。
平时无病摄生。亦当遵此。兹述四时调理各法。分季列后。
春季 春三月。此谓发陈。天地俱生。万物以荣。早卧宴起。广步于庭。披发缓行。以使志生。
生而勿杀。与而勿夺。此春气之应。养生之道也。春阳初生。万物发萌。正二月间。乍寒乍热。人
有宿疾伏热。春气一动。遂即遄发。又兼去冬薰衣。烘炙御寒。积藏余热。至春而发泄。致体热头昏。
咳嗽脘闷。四肢倦怠。如风温春温稍发。不可使行疏利之药。恐伤肺脏。宜用消风泄热和气。或凉膈化
痰之剂。若病后调养。当此春日融和之际。宜处园林宽敞之处。用摅滞怀。以畅生气。不可兀坐久卧。
以郁生化。天气寒暄不一。不可顿去棉衣。逐渐减服。稍寒莫强忍。即仍加衣。不可令背寒。寒即伤肺。
致鼻寒咳嗽。肺俞五脏之表。胃俞经络之长。皆勿失寒热之节。春夜卧时。间或用热水下盐一撮。洗
膝上下至足方卧。能消风邪。利香港脚。此春季未病患。及病后调理之法也。
夏季 夏三月。此谓蕃秀。天地气交。万物花实。晏卧早起。无厌于日。使志无怒。使华成实。使气
得泄。此夏气
之应。养长之道也。夏季暑气酷烈。烁石流金于外。心火焚炽于内。即或无病之人。亦应独宿淡味。
节嗜欲。定心息气。兢兢业业。保身养生。因一岁惟夏为疾病之生死关也。试看草枯木落。其汁液尽
消竭于夏季。故夏季之病。较别季为独多。而夏令调养。尤当谨慎。不论无病病后。如平居檐下、
过街棚、弄堂、无窗屋内。弗纳凉夜卧。勿露卧。勿有汗当风而卧。勿使人扇风取凉。虽大热。不得
吃冰水、凉粉、冰淇淋、冷粥、一切生冷煎炒炙 肥腻甜辣诸物。勿用冷水洗面。伏热在身。烈日晒
热之衣。及汗透之衣。皆不可便穿。饱腹受寒。必起霍乱。莫食瓜茄生菜。腹中方受阴气。食凝滞之品。
多为痞积。若患冷气痰火之人。尤宜忌之。此夏季未病患及病后调理之法也。
秋季 秋三月。谓之容平。天气以急。地气以明。早卧早起。与鸡俱兴。使志安宁。以缓秋刑。
收敛神气。使秋气平。无外其志。使肺气清。此秋气之应。养收之道也。秋风虽爽。时主肃杀。万物于
此凋伤。顺时调摄。使志安宁。若夏病暑湿将瘥。至立秋后宜善自调摄。秋不宜吐。致脏腑不安。不宜
吃炙 牛猪各肉。及鸡、生 、浊酒、陈臭、咸、醋、粘滑难消之物。若夏月好吃生冷。至秋患痢疟。
夏月贪凉露卧。非即病霍乱。至秋必成疟疾。勿食新姜。大热损目。勿贪取新凉。（凡人五脏俞穴。
皆会于背。酷热之后。贪取风凉。此中风之源也。故背宜常暖护之。）凡清晨睡觉。闭目叩齿咽津。
搓手慰眼。可以明目。此秋季未病及病后调理之法也。
冬季 冬三月。此谓闭藏。天地闭藏。水冰地坼。无扰乎阳。早卧晚起。必待日光。去寒就温。
毋泄皮肤。逆之伤肾。春为痿厥。奉生者少。此冬气之应。养藏之道也。斯时陷伏在下。于时为冬。
当闭精养神。以浓敛藏。如植物培护于冬。至来春方得荣茂。此时若戕贼之。春升之际。下无根本。
枯悴必矣。调理之法。有痰宜吐。心膈多热。所忌发汗。
恐泄阳气。宜服药酒滋补。寒极渐加棉衣。不得频用大火烘炙。手足应心。不可以火炙手。引火入心。
使人烦躁。冷药勿治热疾。热药勿治冷疾。宜减咸增苦。以养心气。冬月阴气在外。老人多有上热下冷之患。
阳气在内。不宜沐浴。勿加热汤。逼令大汗。毛孔不密易感外邪。不宜早出犯霜。或略饮酒以冲寒气。勿
多食葱。亦防发散阳气。此冬季未病及病后调理之法也。
综观上述。四时应候调理。犹关平时摄生。临病调理。其他病室之气候。亦须寒温适宜。空气流通。
使清气能进。浊气可出。室中灯火。尤宜少燃也。吾绍病家习惯。凡病伤寒时疫。素重迷信。最怕鬼祟。
不但夜间红烛高烧。即日中于病室床内。亦必以多燃灯火为阳光。而满屋皆侍病之人。骈肩并足。交头接耳。
七口八啐。汗雾交流。岂知人气最热。灯火最毒。炭气、汗酸、秽气、密布满室。清气反失流通。即使
无病之人。久居此室。亦必头目昏晕。胸膈气闷。况在患时病之人乎。口鼻之所吸受。肺胃之所浸淫。往往
轻者重。重者即死。此等恶习惯阶之厉也。凡疫皆然。凡病亦皆然。此皆病家乏卫生常识故也。
气候调理的方法。比如冬天温暖、夏天凉爽，不违背季节时序，这就是自我保护身体的方法。前代贤人懂得养生的人，睡觉和起床的时间随四季变化而有早晚之分；兴起活动遵循平和的常规制度；调养筋骨有仰卧俯身的特定方法；节制劳逸则有给予与剥夺的重要准则。温凉调节得当，百病就不会产生。《太素经》说：适应寒温的人，寒冷时不要感到凄冷，暑热时不要大汗淋漓；居住处所不触犯“八邪”，身体自然安康。这不仅是病后调理如此，平时没有疾病进行养生，也应当遵守这些原则。这里叙述四季调理的各种方法，分季节列述如下。
春季 春三个月，这叫作“发陈”（推陈出新）。天地生机共同萌动，万物繁荣。早睡早起，在庭院中阔步慢行，披散头发，舒缓行走，以使意志生发。有生发之意而不要杀戮，有给予之意而不要掠夺，这是顺应春气的表现，是养生的道理。春阳初生，万物萌芽。正二月间，天气忽冷忽热，人有宿疾伏热，春气一动，随即迅速发作。又加上去冬熏衣、烘烤御寒，积藏了余热，到了春天发泄出来，导致身体发热、头昏、咳嗽、胃脘闷胀、四肢倦怠。如果像风温、春温等病稍微发作，不可使用疏利攻下的药物，恐怕损伤肺脏。宜用消风泄热、调和气血的方剂，或者凉膈化痰的药剂。若是病后调养，正值春日融和之际，宜处在园林宽敞之处，用来舒展情怀，以畅达生气。不可枯坐久卧，以免郁滞生化之气。天气寒暖不一，不可突然脱去棉衣，应逐渐减少穿着。稍感寒冷不要强忍，应立即加衣。不可让背部受寒，受寒则伤肺，导致鼻寒咳嗽。肺俞穴是五脏之表，胃俞穴是经络之长，都不要失去寒热的节度。春夜睡觉时，偶尔可用热水加一撮盐，清洗膝盖上下至足部后再睡，能消除风邪，利于治疗香港脚（脚气）。这是春季未患病及病后调理的方法。
夏季 夏三个月，这叫作“蕃秀”（繁茂秀美）。天地之气相交，万物开花结果。晚睡早起，不要厌恶日光，使意志无怒意，使精华成实，使气机得以宣泄，这是顺应夏气的表现，是养长的道理。夏季暑气酷烈，外如烁石流金，内心火焚炽盛。即使是没有生病的人，也应独居、饮食清淡，节制嗜欲，安定心神气息，兢兢业业地保养身体。因为一年之中只有夏季是疾病生死的关键关口。试看草木枯萎落叶，其汁液都在夏季消耗枯竭。所以夏季的疾病，比其他季节更多，而夏令调养，尤其应当谨慎。不论无病还是病后，如平时居住在屋檐下、过街棚、弄堂、无窗屋内，不要在夜间纳凉睡觉；不要露天睡觉；不要在有汗时对着风睡觉；不要让人扇风取凉。虽然大热，也不得吃冰水、凉粉、冰淇淋、冷粥以及一切生冷、煎炒炙烤、肥腻甜辣诸物。不要用冷水洗面。体内有伏热时，烈日晒热的衣服，以及汗透的衣服，都不可立即穿。饱腹受寒，必定引发霍乱。不要吃瓜类、茄子和生菜，腹部中正承受阴气，食用凝滞之物，多会导致痞积。如果是患有冷气痰火的人，尤其应该忌口。这是夏季未患病及病后调理的方法。
秋季 秋三个月，叫作“容平”（收敛平定）。天气急促，地气清明。早睡早起，与鸡鸣同时起身。使意志安宁，以缓解秋气的肃杀；收敛神气，使秋气平和；不要使志意外驰，使肺气清肃。这是顺应秋气的表现，是养收的道理。秋风虽爽，但时常主导肃杀之气，万物在此凋零受伤。顺应时节调摄，使意志安宁。如果夏季患暑湿病即将痊愈，到立秋后应当好好自我调摄。秋季不宜催吐，会导致脏腑不安。不宜吃烤牛肉、猪肉以及鸡肉、生鱼、浊酒、陈旧腐臭食物、咸味、醋、粘滑难消化的食物。如果夏季喜欢吃生冷，到了秋天患痢疾疟疾；夏季贪凉露天睡觉，当时没得霍乱，到了秋天必定变成疟疾。不要吃新姜，大热会损伤眼睛。不要贪图获取新的凉意。（凡人的五脏俞穴，都会聚于背部。酷热之后，贪图风凉，这是中风之源。所以背部应当经常保暖保护。）凡是清晨睡觉醒来，闭目叩齿咽津，搓手熨眼，可以明目。这是秋季未患病及病后调理的方法。
冬季 冬三个月，这叫作“闭藏”。天地闭藏，水结冰，地开裂。不要扰动阳气，早睡晚起，必须等到太阳出来。远离寒冷，趋向温暖，不要使皮肤开泄出汗，违背这一点会损伤肾脏，春天会导致痿厥，奉生之气就少了。这是顺应冬气的表现，是养藏的道理。此时精气陷伏在下，时令为冬，应当闭精养神，以浓厚收敛的方式储藏，就像植物在冬季得到培护，到来年春天才能繁荣茂盛。此时如果伤害它，在春升之际，下面没有根本，必然枯悴。调理的方法，有痰适宜催吐，心膈多有热，所忌讳的是发汗，恐怕泄露阳气。适宜服用药酒滋补。极寒时逐渐增加棉衣，不得频繁用大火烘烤。手脚要像心一样对待，不可以用火烤手，引火入心，使人烦躁。冷药不要治疗热疾，热药不要治疗冷疾。适宜减咸增苦，以养心气。冬月阴气在外，老人多有上热下冷的病患。阳气在内，不宜沐浴，不要加热汤水逼令大汗，毛孔不密容易感受外邪。不宜早出冒犯霜气，或者略饮酒以冲寒气。不要多吃葱，也要防止发散阳气。这是冬季未患病及病后调理的方法。
综观上述，四时应候调理，还关系到平时的养生。临病调理，其他病室的气候，也必须寒温适宜，空气流通，使清气能进入，浊气可排出。室中灯火，尤其应当少燃。我绍兴地区的病家习惯，凡是患伤寒时疫，向来重视迷信，最怕鬼祟。不但夜间红烛高烧，就是日中在病室床内，也必以多燃灯火为阳光，而且满屋都是侍候病人的人，肩并肩脚靠脚，交头接耳，七嘴八舌，汗雾交流。哪里知道人气最热，灯火最毒，炭气、汗酸味、秽气，密布满屋，清气反而失去流通。即使是没有生病的人，长久居住在这个房间，也必定头目昏晕，胸膈气闷，何况是患时病的人呢？口鼻所吸入的，肺胃所浸淫的，往往轻者变重，重者即死。这种恶劣习惯，是造成厉疫的原因。凡是疫病都这样，凡是疾病也都这样。这都是病家缺乏卫生常识的缘故。
Methods for regulating climate. For instance, keeping warm in winter and cool in summer, without violating the seasonal order, is a means of self-protection. Sages of old who understood health preservation adjusted their sleeping and rising times according to the four seasons; their activities followed a constant system of harmony; methods for nourishing muscles and bones involved specific postures of lying down and stretching up; and principles for balancing work and rest involved knowing when to exert and when to conserve. When temperature regulation is appropriate, hundred diseases will not arise. The *Tai Su Jing* states: "Those who adapt to cold and heat should not feel chillingly cold in winter, nor sweat profusely in summer; if one avoids the 'Eight Evils' in one's dwelling, the body will remain safe." This applies not only to convalescence after illness but also to daily health preservation when free from disease. Herein are described the various methods for seasonal regulation, listed by season.
Spring. The three months of spring are called "Fa Chen" (releasing the old to let the new emerge). Heaven and earth generate together, and all things flourish. Sleep early and rise early, take broad steps in the courtyard, loosen hair and walk slowly, so that the will may be generated. Generate rather than kill, give rather than take; this corresponds to the Qi of Spring and is the way of nourishing life. As Spring Yang first arises and all things sprout, between the first and second lunar months, temperatures fluctuate between cold and hot. If one has latent pathogens or hidden heat from previous illnesses, the stirring of Spring Qi causes them to erupt rapidly. Additionally, residual heat accumulated from winter practices such as warming clothes with smoke or fire may be released in spring, leading to fever, dizziness, cough, epigastric fullness, and limb fatigue. If symptoms of Wind-Warmth or Spring-Warmth appear slightly, do not use purgative or draining medicines, lest they damage the Lung organ. Instead, use formulas that dissipate wind and clear heat while harmonizing Qi and Blood, or formulas that cool the chest and resolve phlegm. For post-illness recovery during the mild warmth of spring, reside in spacious gardens to expand the mind and promote vital Qi. Do not sit still or lie in bed for long periods, which would stagnate the generation of Qi. Since weather varies between cold and warm, do not abruptly remove cotton clothing; reduce layers gradually. If feeling slightly cold, do not endure it; add clothing immediately. Avoid letting the back get cold, as cold damages the Lungs, causing nasal chill and cough. Feishu (BL13) is the surface of the five Zang organs; Weishu (BL21) is the length of the meridians; do not lose control over cold and heat at these points. At night in spring, occasionally wash the knees down to the feet with hot water mixed with a pinch of salt before sleeping; this can dispel wind pathogens and benefit Hong Kong Foot (podagra/gout). These are the methods for health preservation before illness and convalescence in spring.
Summer. The three months of summer are called "Fan Xiu" (luxuriant growth). Heaven and Earth Qi intersect, and all things flower and bear fruit. Sleep late and rise early, do not dislike the sun, keep the will free from anger, allow essence to mature, and let Qi vent. This corresponds to the Qi of Summer and is the way of nourishing growth. Summer heat is fierce; externally it scorches stones and melts metal, internally heart fire burns fiercely. Even healthy individuals should live alone, eat bland food, restrain desires, calm the mind and breath, and diligently preserve the body. For among the four seasons, only summer is the critical juncture for life and death in disease. Observe how grass withers and trees drop leaves; their juices are exhausted in summer. Therefore, diseases in summer are more numerous than in other seasons, making summer health preservation particularly cautious. Whether healthy or recovering, avoid sleeping outdoors under eaves, pergolas, alleys, or windowless rooms; do not sleep exposed to the open air; do not sleep while sweating in the wind; do not have others fan you for cooling. Even in extreme heat, do not consume ice water, jelly, ice cream, cold porridge, or any raw, cold, fried, roasted, greasy, sweet, or spicy foods. Do not wash the face with cold water. If latent heat exists in the body, do not wear clothes heated by the scorching sun or soaked in sweat immediately. Eating until full then exposing oneself to cold will certainly cause cholera-like disorders. Avoid melons, eggplants, and raw vegetables; the abdomen receives Yin Qi, and consuming stagnant foods often leads to abdominal masses. Those suffering from cold qi or phlegm-fire must especially avoid these. These are the methods for health preservation before illness and convalescence in summer.
Autumn. The three months of autumn are called "Rong Ping" (containment and peace). The heavenly Qi becomes urgent, and the earthly Qi becomes clear. Sleep early and rise early, waking with the chickens. Keep the will peaceful to mitigate the harshness of Autumn; gather and store Shen (Spirit) to harmonize with Autumn Qi; do not let the will wander outward, keeping Lung Qi pure. This corresponds to the Qi of Autumn and is the way of nourishing harvest. Although autumn winds are refreshing, they often carry a killing energy, causing all things to wither. Adapt to the season by keeping the will peaceful. If summer damp-heat illness is nearly resolved, care for oneself well after the Start of Autumn. Autumn is not suitable for inducing vomiting, as it disturbs the Zang-Fu. Avoid roasted beef, pork, chicken, raw fish, turbid wine, stale/rotten foods, salty items, vinegar, and sticky/difficult-to-digest foods. If one enjoyed raw/cold foods in summer, dysentery or malaria may arise in autumn; if one slept exposed to coolness in summer, cholera might not occur immediately, but malaria will likely develop in autumn. Do not eat fresh ginger, as its excessive heat damages the eyes. Do not greedily seek new coolness. (All Back-Shu points of the five Zang organs converge on the back. After intense heat, seeking wind coolness is the source of wind-stroke. Therefore, the back should always be kept warm.) Upon waking in the morning, close the eyes, tap the teeth, swallow saliva, rub hands, and massage the eyes to brighten vision. These are the methods for health preservation before illness and convalescence in autumn.
Winter. The three months of winter are called "Bi Cang" (closing and storing). Heaven and Earth are closed and stored; water freezes and earth cracks. Do not disturb Yang; sleep early and rise late, waiting for sunlight. Move away from cold toward warmth; do not let the skin sweat and open. Violating this injures the Kidneys, leading to flaccidity and cold limbs in spring, reducing the foundation for life. This corresponds to the Qi of Winter and is the way of nourishing storage. At this time, essence sinks downward; one should conserve Jing and nourish Shen, storing thickly like plants protected in winter to flourish in spring. If harmed now, lacking roots in spring, one will surely wither. Regulation methods: if there is phlegm, expectoration is suitable; if there is heat in the heart and diaphragm, sweating is contraindicated as it leaks Yang Qi. Taking medicinal wine for tonification is suitable. In extreme cold, gradually add cotton clothes; do not frequently roast with strong fire. Treat hands and feet as one treats the heart; do not roast hands with fire, drawing fire into the heart, causing irritability. Cold medicines should not treat heat diseases; hot medicines should not treat cold diseases. Reduce salt and increase bitterness to nourish Heart Qi. In winter, Yin Qi is on the exterior, and many elderly people suffer from upper heat and lower cold. Yang Qi is inside; bathing is not advisable, nor should hot water induce profuse sweating, as loose pores easily invite external pathogens. Going out early to encounter frost is inadvisable; drinking a little alcohol to counteract cold is acceptable. Do not eat too much green onion, as it disperses Yang Qi. These are the methods for health preservation before illness and convalescence in winter.
In summary, regulating according to the four seasons relates to daily health preservation. For illness management, the climate of the sickroom must be appropriately warm or cool, with air circulation allowing clear Qi to enter and turbid Qi to exit. Lighting in the room should be minimal. It is a custom in my Shaoxing region that families treating typhoid or epidemic fevers rely heavily on superstition, fearing evil spirits. Not only are red candles burned high at night, but even during the day, many lamps are lit in the sickroom to simulate sunlight, surrounded by numerous attendants standing shoulder to shoulder, whispering, talking loudly, and exhaling humid breath. They do not realize that human body heat is hottest and lamp fire is most toxic. Carbon monoxide, sweat acidity, and foul odors fill the room, blocking clear Qi flow. Even a healthy person staying here long-term would suffer dizziness and chest oppression, let alone a patient. What enters through the nose and mouth, infiltrating the Lungs and Stomach, often turns mild cases severe and severe cases fatal. Such bad habits are the cause of epidemics. This applies to all epidemics and all diseases. This is due to patients' lack of hygiene knowledge.