喘者，积痰在肺，遇冷即发，喘鸣迫塞，但坐不得卧，外寒与内饮相搏，宜小青龙汤
主之。若肺有积热，热为寒束者，宜越婢汤主之。
小青龙汤（方见前。）
越婢加半夏汤
麻黄（六两） 石膏（半斤） 生姜（三两） 甘草（一两） 半夏（半升） 大枣（五十枚）
上六味以水六升，先煮麻黄去上沫，内诸药，煮取三升，分温三服。
定喘汤
白果（二十一枚，去壳、切碎，炒黄色） 麻黄 半夏 杏仁 苏子 桑皮 款冬花（各
二钱） 黄芩（炒，一钱半） 甘草（一钱）
水三盅，煎二盅，分二服，徐徐服无时。一方无黄芩。
按∶仲景云，咳而上气，此为肺胀，其人喘，目如脱状，越婢加半夏汤治之。又肺胀，
咳而上气，烦躁而喘，脉浮者，心下有水，小青龙汤加石膏汤主之。丹溪云∶肺胀而咳者，用诃
子、青黛、杏仁，佐以海石、香附、栝蒌、半曲，蜜丸噙化。仲景之治，乃伤寒法也。邪从
皮毛入肺，则肺胀，故治宜散邪之剂。丹溪之治，乃阴虚火动迫肺，及浊痰瘀血凝结于内，
故治以收敛消瘀之剂。然亦有引动肾间虚气，喘不得卧，足冷如冰者，非《济生》肾气不效
。丹溪治 喘之症，未发以扶正气为主，八味肾气，温肾行水之谓也。已发用攻邪气为主，
越婢、青龙，泄肺蠲饮之谓也。
定喘丸 治虚人痰多咳嗽，胸满气逆，行坐无时，连年不已。
人参（二钱半） 南星 半夏（各二钱） 苦葶苈（五钱）
上为末，生姜自然汁糊丸黍粒大，每三五十丸，生姜汤下，亦可渐加。
喘证，是由于痰饮积聚于肺，遇到寒冷就会发作，表现为喘息有声、气机阻塞，只能端坐而不能平卧。这是外感寒邪与体内水饮相互搏结所致，适宜用小青龙汤主治。如果肺中有积热，且热邪被寒邪束闭的，适宜用越婢汤主治。
小青龙汤（方剂见前文）。
越婢加半夏汤
麻黄（六两） 石膏（半斤） 生姜（三两） 甘草（一两） 半夏（半升） 大枣（五十枚）
以上六味药，用水六升，先煮麻黄，去掉水面上的浮沫，再加入其他药物，煎煮取汁三升，分三次温服。
定喘汤
白果（二十一枚，去壳、切碎，炒至黄色） 麻黄 半夏 杏仁 苏子 桑白皮 款冬花（各二钱） 黄芩（炒制，一钱半） 甘草（一钱）
用水三盅，煎煮至二盅，分两次服用，慢慢服用，不拘时间。另一版本没有黄芩。
按语：张仲景说，咳嗽且气逆上冲，这是肺胀病，患者喘息，眼睛突出像要脱出一样，用越婢加半夏汤治疗。又有肺胀病，咳嗽且气逆上冲，烦躁而喘，脉象浮的，是心下有停饮，用小青龙加石膏汤主治。朱丹溪说：肺胀而咳嗽的，使用诃子、青黛、杏仁，配合海浮石、香附、瓜蒌、神曲，制成蜜丸含化。张仲景的治疗，属于伤寒治法。邪气从皮毛侵入肺脏，导致肺胀，所以治疗适宜用发散邪气的方剂。朱丹溪的治疗，属于阴虚火旺逼迫肺脏，以及浊痰瘀血凝结在内部，所以治疗用收敛消瘀的方剂。然而也有因引动肾间虚气，导致喘息不能平卧，双脚冷如冰的情况，这不是《济生方》中的肾气丸效果不佳。朱丹溪治疗喘证，未发作时以扶助正气为主，即八味肾气丸，意为温补肾阳、行利水湿；已发作时用攻逐邪气为主，即越婢汤、小青龙汤，意为泻肺中邪热、祛除水饮。
定喘丸 治疗体质虚弱者痰多咳嗽，胸满气逆，行走坐卧不安，常年不愈。
人参（二钱半） 天南星 半夏（各二钱） 苦葶苈（五钱）
以上研为细末，用生姜自然汁调糊制成黍米大小的丸药，每次服用三五十丸，用生姜汤送下，也可以逐渐增加剂量。
Asthma (Chuan) is caused by the accumulation of phlegm-fluid in the Lung. It is triggered by cold, manifesting as wheezing with a roaring sound and a sensation of obstruction. The patient can only sit upright and cannot lie flat. This condition results from the struggle between external cold and internal fluid retention, and should be primarily treated with Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Green Dragon Decoction). If there is accumulated heat in the Lung constrained by cold, Yue Bi Tang (Yuebi Decoction) should be used.
Xiao Qing Long Tang (Formula see previous section).
Yue Bi Jia Ban Xia Tang (Yuebi Decoction plus Pinellia)
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) - 6 liang
Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) - 0.5 jin
Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜) - 3 liang
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) - 1 liang
Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia, 半夏) - 0.5 sheng
Jujubae Fructus (Dazao, 大枣) - 50 pieces
Take the above six ingredients, add 6 sheng of water. First decoct Ephedrae Herba, remove the foam on the surface, then add the remaining herbs. Decoct to obtain 3 sheng of liquid. Divide into three warm doses.
Ding Chuan Tang (Stabilize Asthma Decoction)
Ginkgonis Semen (Baiguo, 白果) - 21 pieces, shell removed, chopped, stir-fried until yellow
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄)
Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia, 半夏)
Pruni Semen (Xingren, 杏仁)
Perillae Fructus (Suzi, 苏子)
Morus Cortex (Sangbai Pi, 桑白皮)
Farfarae Flos (Kuandonghua, 款冬花)
(each 2 qian)
Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩), stir-fried - 1.5 qian
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) - 1 qian
Add 3 zhong of water, decoct to 2 zhong. Divide into two doses. Take slowly at any time. Another version does not contain Scutellariae Radix.
Commentary: Zhang Zhongjing stated, "Cough with qi rebellion upward, this is Lung Distension (Fei Zhang). The person wheezes, eyes protruding as if about to fall out." This is treated with Yue Bi Jia Ban Xia Tang. Also, for Lung Distension with cough, qi rebellion, irritability, wheezing, and a floating pulse, indicating fluid retention under the heart, Xiao Qing Long Jia Shi Gao Tang (Minor Green Dragon Decoction plus Gypsum) is indicated. Zhu Danxi stated: For Lung Distension with cough, use Hezi (Chebulae Fructus), Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis), Xingren (Pruni Semen), assisted by Haishi (Fossilia Silicium), Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus), and Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata), made into honey pills to be held in the mouth and dissolved. Zhang Zhongjing's treatment follows the method for Cold Damage (Shang Han). Pathogenic factors enter the Lung from the skin and hair, causing Lung Distension; thus, treatment requires formulas that disperse pathogenic factors. Zhu Danxi's treatment addresses Yin deficiency with hyperactive fire forcing the Lung, and congealed turbid phlegm and blood stasis internally; thus, treatment uses astringent and blood-stasis-resolving formulas. However, there are cases where virtual Qi from the Kidney is stirred up, causing wheezing preventing lying down, and feet cold as ice; this is not due to the ineffectiveness of Shenqi Wan (Kidney Qi Pill) from *Jisheng Fang*. Zhu Danxi's treatment of asthma: when unmanifested, focus on supporting healthy Qi, referring to Bawei Shenqi Wan (Eight-Ingredient Rehmannia Root Pill), which warms the Kidney and promotes water metabolism; when manifested, focus on attacking pathogenic factors, referring to Yue Bi Tang and Qinglong Tang, which drain the Lung and eliminate fluid retention.
Ding Chuan Wan (Stabilize Asthma Pill) treats patients with weak constitution having excessive phlegm and cough, chest fullness with rebellious Qi, restlessness during walking or sitting, persisting for years without cessation.
Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) - 2.5 qian
Arisaematis Rhizoma (Nanxing, 天南星)
Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia, 半夏)
(each 2 qian)
Descurainiae Semen seu Lepidii Semen Tingli Zi (Kutingli, 苦葶苈) - 5 qian
Grind all into powder. Use fresh juice of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜) mixed with paste to form pills the size of millet seeds. Take 30-50 pills per dose, washed down with ginger soup. Dosage may be gradually increased.