中焦肺起脉之宗,出手大指之端冲。大肠即起手次指,上行环口交鼻里。胃经源又下鼻
交,
小肠从手小指起,上斜络颧目内 。膀胱经从目内生,至足小指外侧行。肾脉动于小指下,
起注胸中过腹胯。心包出处又连胸,循手小指次指中。三焦起手次指侧,环走耳前目锐息。
胆家接生目锐傍,走足大指三毛上。足肝就起三毛际,注入肺中循不已。
手肺少商中府起,大肠商阳迎香二。足胃厉兑头维三,脾部隐白大包四。手心少冲极泉
来,
胆家窍阴童子 ,厥肝大敦期门已。十二经穴始终歌,学人铭于肺腑记。
人身络脉一十五,我今逐一从头数。手太阴络为列缺,手少阴络即通里。手厥阴络名内
关,
足少阳络是光明,足太阴络公孙寄。足少阴络为大钟,足厥阴络蠡沟配。阳督之络号长强,
阴任之络为屏翳。脾之大络大包是,十五络穴君须记。
多气多血经须记,大肠手经足经胃。少血多气有六经,三焦胆肾心脾肺。多血少气心包
络,膀胱小肠肝所异。
禁针穴道要先明,脑户囟会及神庭。络却玉枕角孙穴,颅囟承泣随承灵。神道灵台膻中
忌,
孕妇不宜针合谷,三阴交内亦通伦。石门针灸应须知,女子终身无妊娠。外有云门并鸠尾
,缺盆客主人莫深。肩井深时人闷倒,三里急补人还平。
中焦肺经是十二经脉的源头,起始于大拇指末端的中冲穴(注:此处原文“出手大指之端冲”实指手太阴肺经起于中府,但歌诀常将食指商阳与肺经关联描述循环,或此处“冲”指井穴少商位置,依WHO标准及常规理解,肺经起于中府,止于少商;大肠经起于商阳。然此歌诀为记忆经络走向,首句言肺为宗,次句言大肠起于大指端——此处原文有误,大肠经起于食指端桡侧,即商阳穴。根据上下文“出手大指之端冲”可能指代错误或非标准表述,但在翻译时需忠实原文并做必要修正说明或按常规经络学理解。*更正:仔细研读,“出手大指之端冲”极可能是指手阳明大肠经起于食指端,但原文写的是“大指”。然而下一句“大肠即起手次指”,说明前一句主语并非大肠。通常肺经起于中焦,下络大肠,还循胃口...上膈属肺。这里歌诀逻辑是:肺经起于中焦... 大肠经起于食指... 胃经起于鼻旁... 小肠起于小指... 膀胱起于目内眦... 肾起于足心/小指下... 心包连胸... 三焦起于无名指... 胆起于目外眦... 肝起于足大趾... 注入肺中。*
*重新梳理原文逻辑以进行准确翻译:*
1. 中焦肺起脉之宗:中焦肺气发起,作为经脉的宗主(源头)。
2. 出手大指之端冲:(此处原文可能有误或特指某种流注顺序,通常肺经起于中府,终于少商;大肠经起于商阳在食指。若严格按字面,“出手大指之端”通常指肺经少商穴在大拇指,但“冲”字在此处语境不明,结合后文“大肠即起手次指”,推测第一句讲肺经走向,第二句讲大肠经。但“出手大指之端”若指肺经终点少商,则语序倒置。鉴于这是《针灸大全》中的歌诀,旨在记忆循行路线。标准解释:手太阴肺经起于中焦,下络大肠,还循胃口... 上膈属肺。手阳明大肠经起于食指桡侧端。原文“出手大指之端冲”可能存在传抄错误或特殊指代,但为了忠实原文翻译,我将直译并稍作通顺处理,同时依据中医常识,肺经确实联系大拇指(少商),大肠经联系食指。)-> *修正策略:直接翻译字面意思,并在必要时隐含其经络归属。*
3. 大肠即起手次指:大肠经起始于食指的次指端。
4. 上行环口交鼻里:向上环绕口唇,交叉于鼻翼旁。
5. 胃经源又下鼻交:胃经源头向下经过鼻部交接。
6. 小肠从手小指起:小肠经起始于手小指末端。
7. 上斜络颧目内 :向上斜行联络颧骨,进入目内眦。
8. 膀胱经从目内生:膀胱经起始于目内眦。
9. 至足小指外侧行:下行至足小指外侧端。
10. 肾脉动于小指下:肾脉搏动于足小指之下(涌泉穴区域,虽非小指下,但歌诀如此押韵,实指足底)。
11. 起注胸中过腹胯:气机注入胸中,经过腹部和胯部。
12. 心包出处又连胸:心包经起源连接胸部。
13. 循手小指次指中:沿手臂行至中指和无名指之间(心包经止于中指,三焦经止于无名指,此处歌诀可能将心包与三焦或中指/无名指混淆,或指心包经循行经过中指)。*注:心包经止于中指中冲,三焦经止于无名指关冲。原文“循手小指次指中”表述较模糊,可能指中指。*
14. 三焦起手次指侧:三焦经起始于无名指(次指)侧面。
15. 环走耳前目锐息:环绕耳朵前方,到达目外眦。
16. 胆家接生目锐傍:胆经起始于目外眦旁边。
17. 走足大指三毛上:下行至足大趾丛毛处。
18. 足肝就起三毛际:足厥阴肝经起始于足大趾丛毛际。
19. 注入肺中循不已:气血注入肺中,循环往复不止。
第二部分(穴位):
1. 手肺少商中府起:手太阴肺经起于中府穴,井穴为少商。
2. 大肠商阳迎香二:手阳明大肠经井穴为商阳,终止于迎香穴。
3. 足胃厉兑头维三:足阳明胃经井穴为厉兑,头部穴位有头维等。
4. 脾部隐白大包四:足太阴脾经井穴为隐白,大络为大包。
5. 手心少冲极泉来:手少阴心经井穴为少冲,起始于极泉穴。
6. 胆家窍阴童子 :足少阳胆经井穴为窍阴,眼部穴位有瞳子髎(原文“童子”应为“瞳子髎”之简称或误写,通常指瞳子髎)。
7. 厥肝大敦期门已:足厥阴肝经井穴为大敦,募穴为期门。
8. 十二经穴始终歌:这是关于十二经脉起止穴位的歌诀。
9. 学人铭于肺腑记:学习者应铭记在心。
第三部分(络穴):
1. 人身络脉一十五:人体共有十五条络脉。
2. 我今逐一从头数:我现在从头开始逐一列举。
3. 手太阴络为列缺:手太阴肺经的络穴是列缺。
4. 手少阴络即通里:手少阴心经的络穴是通里。
5. 手厥阴络名内关:手厥阴心包经的络穴是内关。
6. 足少阳络是光明:足少阳胆经的络穴是光明。
7. 足太阴络公孙寄:足太阴脾经的络穴是公孙。
8. 足少阴络为大钟:足少阴肾经的络穴是大钟。
9. 足厥阴络蠡沟配:足厥阴肝经的络穴是蠡沟。
10. 阳督之络号长强:督脉的络穴叫长强。
11. 阴任之络为屏翳:任脉的络穴叫屏翳(即鸠尾)。
12. 脾之大络大包是:脾的大络是大包。
13. 十五络穴君须记:这十五个络穴你必须记住。
第四部分(气血多少):
1. 多气多血经须记:需要记住多气多血的经脉。
2. 大肠手经足经胃:手阳明大肠经和足阳明胃经是多气多血之经。
3. 少血多气有六经:少血多气的经脉有六条。
4. 三焦胆肾心脾肺:分别是手少阳三焦经、足少阳胆经、足少阴肾经、手少阴心经、足太阴脾经、手太阴肺经。(注:传统理论中,多气少血者包括手太阳、足太阳、手阳明、足阳明、手少阴、足少阴、足厥阴、手厥阴、足少阳、足太阴、手太阴、足阳明等说法不一,此处依原文列举:三焦、胆、肾、心、脾、肺。*注:原文分类可能与主流教材略有差异,需忠实原文*)。
5. 多血少气心包络:多血少气的有心包络(手厥阴心包经)。
6. 膀胱小肠肝所异:还有膀胱、小肠、肝经的情况有所不同(通常指多血少气或少血多气,依原文归类)。
第五部分(禁针穴):
1. 禁针穴道要先明:首先要明确禁止针刺的穴位。
2. 脑户囟会及神庭:脑户、囟会、神庭穴。
3. 络却玉枕角孙穴:络却、玉枕、角孙穴。
4. 颅囟承泣随承灵:颅囟(可能指囟会或特定部位)、承泣、承灵穴。
5. 神道灵台膻中忌:神道、灵台、膻中穴忌讳针刺。
6. 孕妇不宜针合谷:孕妇不宜针刺合谷穴。
7. 三阴交内亦通伦:三阴交穴也同理(孕妇禁针)。
8. 石门针灸应须知:石门穴的针灸禁忌应当知晓。
9. 女子终身无妊娠:女子针刺石门穴可能导致终身不孕。
10. 外有云门并鸠尾:另外还有云门和鸠尾穴。
11. 缺盆客主人莫深:缺盆穴和客主人(上关穴)不要深刺。
12. 肩井深时人闷倒:肩井穴深刺会导致人昏厥。
13. 三里急补人还平:足三里穴若急需治疗,宜用补法,人气才能恢复平稳。
The Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin originates in the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner) and serves as the source of all meridians. It emerges at the tip of the thumb (Shaoshang, LU-1). The Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming begins at the radial side of the index finger (Shangyang, LI-1), ascends to encircle the lips, and crosses at the nasolabial groove (Yingxiang, LI-18). The Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming originates below the nose and descends to connect. The Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang begins at the ulnar side of the little finger (Houxi, SI-3), ascends obliquely to link with the zygomatic bone, and enters the inner canthus of the eye (Jingming, BL-1). The Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang originates at the inner canthus (Jingming, BL-1) and travels down to the lateral side of the little toe (Zhiyin, BL-66). The Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin moves beneath the little toe (Yongquan, KI-1), its qi flows into the chest, passing through the abdomen and groin. The Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin originates in the chest and connects to it, running along the arm to the middle finger (Zhongchong, PC-9). The Sanjiao Meridian of Hand-Shaoyang begins at the ulnar side of the ring finger (Guanchong, SJ-1), circles anterior to the ear, and ends at the outer canthus of the eye (Tongziliao, GB-1). The Gallbladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang begins beside the outer canthus (Tongziliao, GB-1) and descends to the hair tuft on the big toe (Zuqiaoyin, GB-44). The Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin starts at the hair tuft of the big toe (Dadun, LR-1) and injects its qi into the Lung, circulating endlessly.
Regarding the acupoints: The Lung Meridian starts at Zhongfu (LU-1) and its Jing-Well point is Shaoshang (LU-11). The Large Intestine Meridian's Jing-Well point is Shangyang (LI-1) and it ends at Yingxiang (LI-18). The Stomach Meridian's Jing-Well point is Lidui (ST-45) and includes Touwei (ST-8). The Spleen Meridian's Jing-Well point is Yinbai (SP-1) and its Great Luo point is Dabao (SP-21). The Heart Meridian's Jing-Well point is Shaochong (HT-9) and it starts at Jiquan (HT-1). The Gallbladder Meridian's Jing-Well point is Qiaoyin (GB-44) and includes Tongziliao (GB-1). The Liver Meridian's Jing-Well point is Dadun (LR-1) and its Mu-Alarm point is Qimen (LR-14). This song describes the beginning and end points of the Twelve Meridians; students should memorize it deeply.
There are fifteen Collateral Vessels (Luo Mai) in the human body, which I will now list one by one. The Collateral of the Lung Meridian is Lieque (LU-7). The Collateral of the Heart Meridian is Tongli (HT-5). The Collateral of the Pericardium Meridian is Neiguan (PC-6). The Collateral of the Gallbladder Meridian is Guangming (GB-37). The Collateral of the Spleen Meridian is Gongsun (SP-4). The Collateral of the Kidney Meridian is Dazhong (KI-4). The Collateral of the Liver Meridian is Ligou (LR-5). The Collateral of the Du Meridian is Changqiang (GV-1). The Collateral of the Ren Meridian is Pingyi (also known as Jiutui, CV-15). The Great Collateral of the Spleen is Dabao (SP-21). You must remember these fifteen Collateral points.
One must remember the meridians with abundant Qi and Blood: the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian and the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. There are six meridians with scanty Blood and abundant Qi: the Sanjiao, Gallbladder, Kidney, Heart, Spleen, and Lung meridians. The Pericardium Meridian has abundant Blood and scanty Qi. The Bladder, Small Intestine, and Liver meridians have different characteristics regarding their Qi and Blood content.
One must first clarify the contraindicated acupoints for needling: Naohu (GV-16), Xinhui (GV-22), Shenting (GV-24), Luoque (BL-9), Yuzhen (BL-9 - *Note: Text says Yuzhen, usually distinct from Luoque*), Jiaosun (TE-7), Xunao (not a standard point name, likely refers to fontanelle area or specific local point), Chengqi (ST-1), and Chengling (BL-5). Shendao (GV-11), Lingtai (GV-10), and Danzhong (CV-17) are forbidden for needling. Pregnant women should not be needled at Hegu (LI-4) or Sanyinjiao (SP-6). One must know the caution regarding Shimen (CV-5); needling this point in women may cause lifelong infertility. Additionally, Yunmen (LU-2) and Jiutui (CV-15) are sensitive. Quepen (ST-12) and Keren (Shangguan, GB-3) should not be needled deeply. Deep needling of Jianjing (GB-21) may cause fainting. For Zusanli (ST-36), if urgent treatment is needed, use tonification methods to restore the patient's stability.