夫取穴之法,必有分寸,念凤幸遇明师,口传心受,逐部折量。谨按《明堂》、《铜人
》、
记诵,则孔穴了然在目。倘有未具,以俟后之君子更加削正,庶斯道之不朽云。
《千金》云∶尺寸之法,根据古者八寸为尺,八分为寸。仍取本人男左女右手中指上第一节为
一寸。又有取手大拇指第一节横度为一寸。以意消详,巧拙在人。亦有长短不定者,今考定
以男左女右大指与中指相屈如环,取中指中节横纹上下相去长短为一寸,谓之周身寸法为
准则。
\r周身寸屈指量法图\ph-h2.bmp\r
中指屈其中节,以边两文之尖相去者,量之是为一寸。
\r周身寸伸指量法图\ph-h3.bmp\r
中指自上节下之横文,量至中节下之中文,相去之间为一寸。
平眉三寸定发际,大杼三寸亦如是。却来折作尺二寸,发上五分神庭位,庭上五分名上
星
。后顶会后寸半中,强间顶后过寸五。脑户去间寸五分,户后寸半定风府,府下五分哑门中
,门下五分发际终,更有明堂一穴差。(诸经俱作上星穴,头部中行折量法。)
曲差侠庭寸半量,五处仍侠上星傍。处后承光寸半中,寸半通天络却在。玉枕横纹于脑
户
。《铜人》经中不曾载,《明堂》经载近曲差。
取穴的方法,必须有准确的分寸。徐凤有幸遇到明师,通过口传心授,逐部进行折量测量。仔细查阅《明堂》、《铜人》等书记载并加以记诵,穴位的位置就能清晰地呈现在眼前。如果有不周全的地方,就等待后来的君子进一步修订校正,从而使针灸之道得以不朽。
《千金方》说:尺寸的方法,依据古法以八寸为一尺,八分为一寸。通常取患者本人男左女右手中指上第一节(近端指间关节)的长度作为一寸。也有取手大拇指第一节横度为一寸的。这需要用心斟酌,巧拙在于个人。也有长短不固定的情况,现在考证确定以男左女右大拇指与中指屈曲成环状,取中指中节横纹上下之间的距离为一寸,称为“周身寸法”作为准则。
\r周身寸屈指量法图\ph-h2.bmp\r
中指屈曲其中节,以两侧纹理尖端之间的距离来衡量,这就是一寸。
\r周身寸伸指量法图\ph-h3.bmp\r
从中指上节下方的横纹,量至中节下方的中间横纹,两者之间的距离为一寸。
平眉处向上三寸定为发际,大杼穴(注:此处原文可能有误,通常指头维或类似头部横向定位,但依原文翻译)三寸也是如此。再折算为尺二寸,发际上五分是神庭穴的位置,神庭上五分名为上星穴(Shangxing, GV23)。后顶穴(Houding, GV19)在百会穴后一寸半的中点,强间穴(Qiangjian, GV18)在后顶穴后过一寸五。脑户穴(Naohu, GV17)距离强间穴一寸五分,风府穴(Fengfu, GV16)在脑户穴后一寸半,哑门穴(Yamen, GV15)在风府穴下五分,哑门穴下五分到达发际终点,另外还有一个明堂穴存在差异。(各经脉都作上星穴,这是头部正中线折量法。)
曲差穴(Qucha, BL5)距离神庭穴寸半进行度量,五处穴(Wuzhu, BL6)仍然在上星穴旁侧。五处穴后承光穴(Chenguang, BL7)寸半的中点,通天穴(Tongtian, BL8)络却在(注:语意稍显模糊,意指位置关系),玉枕穴(Yuzhen, GB9)位于横纹处与脑户穴相对。《铜人》经中没有记载,《明堂》经记载靠近曲差穴。
临泣穴(Linqi, GB15)两穴正当两眼之间,直入发际五分属于(此处指定位基准)。目窗穴(Muchuang, GB16)在临泣穴后量一寸,正营穴(Zhengying, GB17)在目窗穴后一寸足。承灵穴(Chengling, GB18)在正营穴后寸五分,《明堂》经有记载,对于风眩、鼻塞等症状不可废弃。
The method of selecting acupoints must have accurate measurements. Xu Feng was fortunate to encounter a enlightened master, receiving oral transmission and mental acceptance, measuring each section step by step. Carefully consulting the records in *Mingtang* (Hall of Brightness) and *Tongren* (Bronze Man), and memorizing them, the locations of the acupoints become clear before one's eyes. If there are any omissions or inaccuracies, they shall be left for future scholars to further revise and correct, so that this art may remain immortal.
*Qianjin Fang* states: The method of Cun (inch) measurement is based on the ancient standard where eight Cun make one Chi (foot), and eight Fen make one Cun. Typically, one takes the length of the first segment (proximal interphalangeal joint) of the middle finger of the patient—left hand for males, right hand for females—as one Cun. There is also a method taking the transverse width of the first segment of the thumb as one Cun. This requires careful deliberation; skill or clumsiness depends on the individual. Since lengths can vary, current examination establishes that with the thumb and middle finger of the left hand (for males) or right hand (for females) bent into a ring shape, the distance between the upper and lower edges of the transverse crease of the middle phalanx of the middle finger is taken as one Cun. This is called the "Whole Body Cun Method" and serves as the standard.
\r周身寸屈指量法图\ph-h2.bmp\r
When the middle finger is bent at its middle segment, the distance between the tips of the two side markings (creases) is measured as one Cun.
\r周身寸伸指量法图\ph-h3.bmp\r
From the transverse crease below the proximal segment of the middle finger, measure to the central transverse crease below the middle segment; the distance between them is one Cun.
Three Cun above the level of the eyebrows defines the hairline. Dazhu (Dazhu, BL11) [Note: Contextually likely refers to a lateral head point like Touwei, but translated literally] three Cun is similarly determined. Folding this back to 1.2 Chi, five Fen above the hairline is the location of Shenting (Shenting, GV24). Five Fen above Shenting is named Shangxing (Shangxing, GV23). Houding (Houding, GV19) is located halfway between Baihui (Baihui, GV20) and the posterior vertex, one and a half Cun behind Baihui. Qiangjian (Qiangjian, GV18) is one and a half Cun behind Houding. Naohu (Naohu, GV17) is one and a half Fen behind Qiangjian. Fengfu (Fengfu, GV16) is one and a half Cun behind Naohu. Yamen (Yamen, GV15) is five Fen below Fengfu. Five Fen below Yamen reaches the end of the hairline. There is also a discrepancy regarding the Mingtang acupoint. (All meridians refer to Shangxing; this is the folding measurement method for the midline of the head.)
Qucha (Qucha, BL5) is measured one and a half Cun from Shenting. Wuzhu (Wuzhu, BL6) is still beside Shangxing. Behind Wuzhu, Chenguang (Chenguang, BL7) is at the midpoint of one and a half Cun. Tongtian (Tongtian, BL8) is connected there. Yuzhen (Yuzhen, GB9) is at the transverse crease opposite Naohu. It is not recorded in the *Tongren* classic, but is recorded in the *Mingtang* classic as being close to Qucha.
Linqi (Linqi, GB15) consists of two acupoints directly between the two eyes, entering the hairline by five Fen. Muchuang (Muchuang, GB16) is one Cun behind Linqi. Zhengying (Zhengying, GB17) is fully one Cun behind Muchuang. Chengling (Chengling, GB18) is one and a half Fen behind Zhengying. It is recorded in the *Mingtang* classic and should not be neglected for treating wind-dizziness and nasal congestion.