帝曰∶皮之十二部,其生病皆何如?岐伯曰∶皮者,脉之部也,邪客于皮,则腠理开,
开则邪入客于络脉,络脉满则注于经脉;经脉满则入舍于腑脏也。故皮者有分部,不与,而生大
病也(不与,疑不愈也)。
黄帝问曰∶夫络脉之见也,其五色各异,青、黄、赤、白、黑不同,其故何也?岐伯对
曰∶经有常色,而络无常变也。帝曰∶经之常色何如?曰∶心赤,肺白,肝青,脾黄,肾黑
,皆亦应其经脉之色也。帝曰∶络之阴阳,亦应其经乎?曰∶阴络之色应其经,阳络之色变
无常,随四时而行也。寒多则凝泣,凝泣则青黑;热多则淖泽,淖泽则黄赤,此皆常色
,谓之无病。五色具见者,谓之寒热。
黄帝问曰∶余闻风者百病之始也,以针治之奈何?岐伯对曰∶风从外入,令人振寒,汗
出头痛,身重恶寒,治在风府,调其阴阳,不足则补,有余则泻。大风颈项痛,刺风府。大
风汗出,灸 。以手压之,令病者呼 , 应手。从风憎风,刺眉头(即
攒竹刺三分,若灸三壮);失枕在肩上横骨间(即缺盆);折使摇臂,齐肘正,灸脊中(即背阳
关,针五分,灸三壮); 络季胁引少腹而痛胀,刺 ( 谓侠脊两旁空软处);腰痛
不可以转摇,急引阴卵,刺八 与痛上,八 在腰尻分间;鼠 寒热,还刺寒府,寒府在
膝外解营
黄帝问道:皮肤分为十二个部分,它们发生病变的情况是怎样的?岐伯回答说:皮肤是经络分布的区域,邪气侵袭皮肤,腠理就会开泄;腠理开泄,邪气就会侵入络脉;络脉充满后,邪气就会注入经脉;经脉充满后,邪气就会内传并停留于脏腑。所以皮肤有特定的分部,如果不加以治疗(此处存疑,可能意为不愈),就会发展成大病。
黄帝问道:我看到络脉显现时,颜色各不相同,青色、黄色、赤色、白色、黑色表现不同,这是什么原因呢?岐伯回答说:经脉有固定的常色,而络脉的颜色没有固定不变的规律。黄帝问:经脉的常色是什么样的?岐伯说:心对应赤色,肺对应白色,肝对应青色,脾对应黄色,肾对应黑色,这些都与相应经脉的颜色相一致。黄帝问:络脉的阴阳之色,是否也对应经脉呢?岐伯说:阴络的颜色与经脉相应,阳络的颜色变化无常,随着四季的变化而变化。寒气多则血液凝滞不畅,凝滞不畅则呈现青黑色;热气多则血液滑润泽亮,滑润泽亮则呈现黄红色,这些都是正常的颜色,称为无病。如果五色同时出现,则称为寒热错杂之证。
黄帝问道:我听说风邪是百病的起始,用针刺治疗应当如何操作?岐伯回答说:风邪从外部侵入,使人战栗发冷,出汗,头痛,身体沉重且怕冷,治疗应取风府穴,调节阴阳,虚证用补法,实证用泻法。患大风症导致颈项疼痛的,针刺风府穴。大风症导致出汗的,艾灸囟会穴(原文缺字,据上下文及针灸常识推测为囟会或类似头部穴位,此处依原文留白处理,但根据“以手压之...应手”描述,通常指囟会或百会附近,古籍中常作“灸囟会”或“灸上星”,此处依原文空缺保留语境,实际翻译需指出原文缺失)。用手按压该处,令患者呼气,手下应有搏动感。因风邪而感到恶风的,针刺眉头(即攒竹穴,刺三分深,若艾灸则三壮);落枕在肩上横骨之间(即缺盆穴);骨折使手臂活动受限,将手臂伸直对齐肘部正中,艾灸脊中穴(即背阳关,针五分深,灸三壮);络脉病变在季胁部牵引少腹疼痛胀满,针刺侠溪穴(注:原文此处可能有误或特定古称,通常季胁引少腹痛多取带脉或足少阳经穴,原文“刺 ”后括号解释“谓侠脊两旁空软处”实指腰夹脊穴或华佗夹脊,此处依原文逻辑翻译);腰痛不能转身摇动,急迫地牵引睾丸疼痛,针刺八髎穴和疼痛部位,八髎穴位于腰尻骨缝之间;鼠瘰(淋巴结核伴寒热症状),还刺寒府穴,寒府穴位于膝外侧关节处的营血汇聚之地。
Yellow Emperor asked: The skin is divided into twelve regions. How do diseases manifest in these areas? Qibo replied: The skin is the domain of the meridians. When pathogenic factors invade the skin, the interstices (cou li) open. Once the interstices are open, pathogens enter the collaterals. When the collaterals are full, the pathogens flow into the main meridians; when the main meridians are full, the pathogens enter and reside in the zang-fu organs. Therefore, the skin has specific regional distributions. If left untreated (here "bu yu" is suspected to mean "not healing"), serious diseases may develop.
Yellow Emperor asked: I observe that the visible collaterals display varying colors—blue, yellow, red, white, and black differ from one another. What is the reason for this? Qibo answered: The main meridians have constant colors, whereas the colors of the collaterals are not fixed. Yellow Emperor asked: What are the constant colors of the meridians? Qibo said: The Heart corresponds to red, the Lung to white, the Liver to blue/green, the Spleen to yellow, and the Kidney to black. These all correspond to the colors of their respective meridians. Yellow Emperor asked: Do the colors of the yin and yang collaterals also correspond to the meridians? Qibo said: The color of the yin collaterals corresponds to the meridian, but the color of the yang collaterals changes without constancy, following the four seasons. Excess cold causes blood to coagulate and stagnate, resulting in a blue-black color; excess heat causes blood to become moist and lustrous, resulting in a yellow-red color. These are considered normal colors, indicating no disease. If all five colors appear simultaneously, it is termed a condition of alternating cold and heat.
Yellow Emperor asked: I have heard that wind is the beginning of all diseases. How should acupuncture be used to treat it? Qibo replied: Wind invading from the exterior causes chills, sweating, headache, heaviness of the body, and aversion to cold. Treatment should focus on Fengfu (DU16), regulating yin and yang. Deficiency patterns require tonification, while excess patterns require sedation. For severe wind causing neck and nape pain, puncture Fengfu (DU16). For severe wind causing sweating, moxa [missing character in text, contextually likely Xinhui or similar head point]; press the area with hand, instruct the patient to exhale, and there should be a palpable response. For aversion to wind due to wind pathogen, puncture the eyebrow ridge (i.e., Zanzhu BL2, needle 0.3 cun; if moxibustion, three moxa cones). For stiff neck (Shi Zhen) located between the transverse bones of the shoulder (i.e., Quepen LI15); for fractures limiting arm movement, align the arm straight with the elbow, and moxa Jizhong (DU9, also known as Bei Yangguan, needle 0.5 cun, moxa three cones); for collateral disorders where the hypochondrium pulls into the lower abdomen causing pain and distension, puncture [missing character, note says 'soft spaces beside the spine', likely referring to Huatuo Jiaji points]; for low back pain preventing turning or shaking, urgently pulling into the testicles, puncture the Ba Liao (Eight Holes) and the painful site; Ba Liao is located between the lumbar and sacral segments. For Shu Lu (scrofula with cold and heat), still puncture Han Fu; Han Fu is located at the Ying camp outside the lateral aspect of the knee joint.